J/A+A/625/A104ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/625/A104doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36250104CDSRamachandran V.Hamann W.-R.Oskinova L.M.Gallagher J.S.Hainich R.,Shenar T.Sander A.A.C.Todt H.Fulmer L.2024-08-28T20:00:41Z2019-05-23T14:14:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmagellanic-cloudsob-starsmorgan-keenan-classificationStars which start their lives with spectral types O and early-B are the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae, long gamma-ray bursts, neutron stars, and black holes. These massive stars are the primary sources of stellar feedback in star-forming galaxies. At low metallicities, the properties of massive stars and their evolution are not yet fully explored. Here we report a spectroscopic study of 320 massive stars of spectral types O (23 stars) and B (297 stars) in the Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The spectra, which we obtained with the ESO Very Large Telescope, were analyzed using state-of-the-art stellar atmosphere models, and the stellar parameters were determined. We find that the stellar winds of our sample stars are generally much weaker than theoretically expected. The stellar rotation rates show broad, tentatively bi-modal distribution. The upper Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) is well populated by the stars of our sample from a specific field in the SMC Wing. A few very luminous O stars are found close to the main sequence, while all other, slightly evolved stars obey a strict luminosity limit. Considering additionally massive stars in evolved stages, with published parameters and located all over the SMC, essentially confirms this picture. The comparison with single-star evolutionary tracks suggest a dichotomy in the fate of massive stars in the SMC. Only stars with an initial mass below ~30M_{sun}_ seem to evolve from the main sequence to the cool side of the HRD to become a red supergiant and to explode as type II-P supernova. In contrast, stars with initially more than ~30M_{sun}_ol appear to stay always hot and might evolve quasi chemically homogeneously, finally collapsing to relatively massive black holes. However, we find no indication that chemical mixing is correlated with rapid rotation. We measure the key parameters of stellar feedback and establish the links between the rates of star formation and supernovae. Our study demonstrates that in metal-poor environments the stellar feedback is dominated by core-collapse supernovae in combination with winds and ionizing radiation supplied by a few of the most massive stars. We found indications of stochastic mode of massive star-formation, where the resulting stellar population is fully capable of producing large scale structures like the supergiant shell SMC-SGS 1 in the Wing. The low level of feedback in metal-poor stellar populations allows star formation episodes to persist over long time scales.2019A&A...625A.104Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/625/A104CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/609/A7 : Of-type stars in N206 in the LMC (Ramachandran+, 2018)J/A+A/615/A40 : OB stars in N206 in the LMC (Ramachandran+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/625/A104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/625/A104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/625/A104https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/625/A104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/625/A104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/625/A104GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/625/A104/tableb124 (Coordinates, spectral types (table B1), stellar parameters (table B2) and ages and evolutionary masses (table B3) of all OB stars in the N 206 superbubble)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/625/A104/tableb124?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/625/A104/tableb124?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/625/A104/tableb124?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true20.52145806-73.218556110.0055555555555555566/33297 33299https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/625/A104?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/625/A104/tableb124Coordinates, spectral types (table B1), stellar parameters (table B2) and ages and evolutionary masses (table B3) of all OB stars in the N 206 superbubbleMStellar masssolMassphys.massintlogQRate of hydrogen ionizing photonslog(s**-1)phot.count;em.X-rayfloatlogLmecMechanical luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatn_logLmec[*] Note on logLmec (3)meta.notecharAgeAge of the starMyrtime.agefloatMassEvolutionary masssolMassphys.massfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSMCSGS-FS[1/320] Catalog numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSpectral and luminosity classsrc.spTypecharTeffEffective temperaturekKphys.temperature.effectiveintlogLLuminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatloggGravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatlogdM/dtMass-loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.mass.lossfloatn_logdM/dt[*] Note on logdM/dt (1)meta.notecharE(B-V)Color excessmagphot.color.excessfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharVMAGAbsolute visual magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatRStellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatvinfTerminal velocitykm/sphys.velocintn_vinf[*] Note on vinf (2)meta.notecharvsiniProjected rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatintRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricint