J/A+A/624/A8ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/624/A8doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36240008CDSAngelo M.S.Santos Jr. J.F.C.Corradi W.J.B.Maia F.F.S.2020-12-01T15:20:47Z2019-04-01T08:53:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersstellar-populationsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxproper-motionsThe stellar content of Galactic open clusters (OCs) is gradually depleted during their evolution as a result of internal relaxation and external interactions. The final residues of the long-term evolution of OCs are called open cluster remnants (OCRs).These are sparsely populated structures that can barely be distinguished from the field. We aimed to characterise and compare the dynamical states of a set of 16 objects catalogued as OCRs or OCR candidates. The sample also includes 7 objects that are catalogued as dynamically evolved OCs for comparison purposes. We used photometric data from the 2MASS catalogue, proper motions and parallaxes from the GAIA DR2 catalogue, and a decontamination algorithm that was applied to the three-dimensional astrometric space of proper motions and parallaxes ({mu}_{alpha}, {mu}_{delta}, {varpi}) for stars in the objects' areas. The investigated OCRs present masses (M) and velocity dispersions ({sigma}_v_) within well-defined ranges: M between ~10-40M_{sun} and {sigma}_v_ between ~1-7km/s. Some objects in the remnant sample have a limiting radius R_lim_<~2pc, which means that they are more compact than the investigated OCs; other remnants have R_lim_ between ~2-7pc, which is comparable to the OCs. In general, our clusters show signals of depletion of low-mass stars. This confirms their dynamically evolved states. Using results from N-body simulations, we conclude that the OCRs we studied are in fact remnants of initially very populous OCs (N_0_~10^3^-10^4^stars). The outcome of the long-term evolution is to bring the final residues of the OCs to dynamical states that are similar to each other, thus masking out the memory of the initial formation conditions of star clusters.2019A&A...624A...8Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/624/A8CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/624/A8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/624/A8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/624/A8https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/624/A8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/624/A8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/624/A8GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/624/A8/table1 (Coordinates and parameters of the studied open clusters and remnants)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/624/A8/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/624/A8/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/624/A8/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true186.02083-58.121940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/624/A8/clusters (Positions, magnitudes (from 2MASS) and astrometric data (from GAIA DR2) for member stars of each open cluster or remnant)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/624/A8/clusters?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/624/A8/clusters?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/624/A8/clusters?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true109.14710694-46.698741940.0055555555555555566/1794-1795 2433 2436 2438 4075-4076 4078 4253 4255 4296 4298 7573 12508 12510 19378 19693 19704 19706 20561 20563-20565 20582-20583 20587 23422 23577 25148 25150 31780 33099 33102 33588-33589 37895 38199 38205 38242 38248 38833 39154 39702 41519 42172 43054 43140 43604 43606 438248.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/624/A8?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/624/A8/table1Coordinates and parameters of the studied open clusters and remnantsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeType of cluster (1)meta.codecharClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Cluster[ab] Note on Cluster (2)meta.notecharGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latfloatRAJ2000Rigth ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.maindsunDistance from the Sunkpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_dsunrms uncertainty on distance from the Sunkpcstat.errorfloatRGGalactocentric distancekpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloate_RGrms uncertainty on Galactocentric distancekpcstat.errorfloatZGDistance from the Galactic planekpcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticfloate_ZGrms uncertainty on Distance from the Galactic planekpcstat.errorfloatAgeCluster ageGyrtime.agefloate_Agerms uncertainty on Cluster ageGyrstat.error;time.agefloatRlimLimiting radiuspcphys.size.radiusfloate_Rlimrms uncertainty on Limiting radiuspcstat.errorfloatMphotPhotometric masssolMassphys.massinte_Mphotrms uncertainty on Photometric masssolMassstat.errorintsigmaVelocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloate_sigmaVelocity dispersionkm/sstat.errorfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/624/A8/clustersPositions, magnitudes (from 2MASS) and astrometric data (from GAIA DR2) for member stars of each open cluster or remnantSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharStarIDStar identification within the clustermeta.idintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmagMagnitude (2MASS J)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_JmagMagnitude error (2MASS J)magstat.error;phot.magfloatHmagMagnitude (2MASS H)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_HmagMagnitude error (2MASS H)magstat.error;phot.magfloatKsmagMagnitude (2MASS Ks)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagMagnitude error (2MASS Ks)magstat.error;phot.magfloatplx? Parallax (GAIA DR2) (2)maspos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_plx? Parallax error (GAIA DR2)masstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullablepmRA? Proper motion in RA, pmRA*cosDE (GAIA DR2) (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablee_pmRA? Proper motion error in RA (GAIA DR2)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE? Proper motion in DEC (GAIA DR2) (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablee_pmDE? Proper motion error in DEC (GAIA DR2)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullable