J/A+A/616/A10ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/616/A10doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36160010CDSGaia CollaborationBabusiaux C.van Leeuwen F.BarstowM. A.,Jordi C.Vallenari A.Bossini A.Bressan A.Cantat-Gaudin T.,van Leeuwen M.Brown A.G.A.Prusti T.de Bruijne J.H.J.,Bailer-Jones C.A.L.Biermann M.Evans D.W.Eyer L.Jansen F.,Klioner S.A.Lammers U.Lindegren L.Luri X.Mignard F.Panem C.,Pourbaix D.Randich S.Sartoretti P.Siddiqui H.I.Soubiran C.,Walton N.A.Arenou F.Bastian U.Cropper M.Drimmel R.Katz D.,Lattanzi M.G.Bakker J.Cacciari C.Castaneda J.Chaoul L.Cheek N.,De Angeli F.Fabricius C.Guerra R.Holl B.Masana E.Messineo R.,Mowlavi N.Nienartowicz K.Panuzzo P.Portell J.Riello M.,Seabroke G.M.Tanga P.Thevenin F.Gracia-Abril G.Comoretto G.,Garcia-Reinaldos M.Teyssier D.Altmann M.Andrae R.Audard M.,Bellas-Velidis I.Benson K.Berthier J.Blomme R.Burgess P.Busso G.,Carry B.Cellino A.Clementini G.Clotet M.Creevey O.Davidson M.,De Ridder J.Delchambre L.Dell'Oro A.Ducourant C.,Fernandez-Hernandez J.Fouesneau M.Fremat Y.Galluccio L.,Garcia-Torres M.Gonzalez-Nunez J.Gonzalez-Vidal J.J.Gosset E.,Guy L.P.Halbwachs J.-L.Hambly N.C.Harrison D.L.Hernandez J.,Hestroer D.Hodgkin S.T.Hutton A.Jasniewicz G.,Jean-Antoine-Piccolo A.Jordan S.Korn A.J.Krone-Martins A.,Lanzafame A.C.Lebzelter T.Loeer W.Manteiga M.Marrese P.M.,Martin-Fleitas J.M.Moitinho A.Mora A.Muinonen K.Osinde J.,Pancino E.Pauwels T.Petit J.-M.Recio-Blanco A.Richards P.J.,Rimoldini L.Robin A.C.Sarro L.M.Siopis C.Smith M.Sozzetti A.,Sueveges M.Torra J.van Reeven W.Abbas U.Abreu Aramburu A.,Accart S.Aerts C.Altavilla G.Alvarez M.A.Alvarez R.Alves J.,Anderson R.I.Andrei A.H.Anglada Varela E.Antiche E.Antoja T.,Arcay B.Astraatmadja T.L.Bach N.Baker S.G.Balaguer-Nunez L.,Balm P.Barache C.Barata C.Barbato D.Barblan F.Barklem P.S.,Barrado D.Barros M.Bartholome Munoz S.Bassilana J.-L.Becciani U.,Bellazzini M.Berihuete A.Bertone S.Bianchi L.Bienayme O.,Blanco-Cuaresma S.Boch T.Boeche C.Bombrun A.Borrachero R.,Bouquillon S.Bourda G.Bragaglia A.Bramante L.Breddels M.A.,Brouillet N.Bruesemeister T.Brugaletta E.Bucciarelli B.Burlacu A.,Busonero D.Butkevich A.G.Buzzi R.Caau E.Cancelliere R.,Cannizzaro G.Carballo R.Carlucci T.Carrasco J.M.Casamiquela L.,Castellani M.Castro-Ginard A.Charlot P.Chemin L.Chiavassa A.,Cocozza G.Costigan G.Cowell S.Crifo F.Crosta M.Crowley C.,Cuypersy J.Dafonte C.Damerdji Y.Dapergolas A.David P.David M.,de Laverny P.De Luise F.De March R.de Martino D.de Souza R.,de Torres A.Debosscher J.del Pozo E.Delbo M.Delgado A.,Delgado H.E.Diakite S.Diener C.Distefano E.Dolding C.Drazinos P.,Duran J.Edvardsson B.Enke H.Eriksson K.Esquej P.,Eynard Bontemps G.Fabre C.Fabrizio M.Faigler S.Falcao A.J.,Farras Casas M.Federici L.Fedorets G.Fernique P.Figueras F.,Filippi F.Findeisen K.Fonti A.Fraile E.Fraser M.Frezouls B.,Gai M.Galleti S.Garabato D.Garcia-Sedano F.Garofalo A.Garralda N.,Gavel A.Gavras P.Gerssen J.Geyer R.Giacobbe P.Gilmore G.,Girona S.Giurida G.Glass F.Gomes M.Granvik M.Gueguen A.,Guerrier A.Guiraud J.Gutierrez-Sanchez R.Haigron R.,Hatzidimitriou D.Hauser M.Haywood M.Heiter U.Helmi A.Heu J.,Hilger T.Hobbs D.Hofmann W.Holland G.Huckle H.E.Hypki A.,Icardi V.Janssen K.Jevardat de Fombelle G.Jonker P.G.Juhasz A.L.,Julbe F.Karampelas A.Kewley A.Klar J.Kochoska A.Kohley R.,Kolenberg K.Kontizas M.Kontizas E.Koposov S.E.Kordopatis G.,Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Z.Koubsky P.Lambert S.Lanza A.F.Lasne Y.,Lavigne J.-B.Le Fustec Y.Le Poncin-Lafitte C.Lebreton Y.Leccia S.,Leclerc N.Lecoeur-Taibi I.Lenhardt H.Leroux F.Liao S.Licata E.,Lindstrom H.E.P.Lister T.A.Livanou E.Lobel A.Lopez M.Managau S.,Mann R.G.Mantelet G.Marchal O.Marchant J.M.Marconi M.Marinoni S.,Marschalko G.Marshall D.J.Martino M.Marton G.Mary N.Massari D.,Matijevi?c G.Mazeh T.McMillan P.J.Messina S.Michalik D.,Millar N.R.Molina D.Molinaro R.Molnar L.Montegrio P.Mor R.,Morbidelli R.Morel T.Morris D.Mulone A.F.Muraveva T.Musella I.,Nelemans G.Nicastro L.Noval L.O'Mullane W.Ordenovic C.,Ordonez-Blanco D.Osborne P.Pagani C.Pagano I.Pailler F.,Palacin H.Palaversa L.Panahi A.Pawlak M.Piersimoni A.M.,Pineau F.-X.Plachy E.Plum G.Poggio E.Poujoulet E.Prsa A.,Pulone L.Racero E.Ragaini S.Rambaux N.Ramos-Lerate M.Regibo S.,Reyle C.Riclet F.Ripepi V.Riva A.Rivard A.Rixon G.Roegiers T.,Roelens M.Romero-Gomez M.Rowell N.Royer F.Ruiz-Dern L.Sadowski G.,Sagrista Selles T.Sahlmann J.Salgado J.Salguero E.Sanna N.,Santana-Ros T.Sarasso M.Savietto H.Schultheis M.Sciacca E.,Segol M.Segovia J.C.Segransan D.Shih I-C.Siltala L.Silva A.F.,Smart R.L.Smith K.W.Solano E.Solitro F.Sordo R.Soria Nieto S.,Souchay J.Spagna A.Spoto F.Stampa U.Steele I.A.Steidelmueller H.,Stephenson C.A.Stoev H.Suess F.F.Surdej J.Szabados L.,Szegedi-Elek E.Tapiador D.Taris F.Tauran G.Taylor M.B.Teixeira R.,Terrett D.Teyssandier P.Thuillot W.Titarenko A.Torra Clotet F.,Turon C.Ulla A.Utrilla E.Uzzi S.Vaillant M.Valentini G.,Valette V.van Elteren A.Van Hemelryck E.Vaschetto M.Vecchiato A.,Veljanoski J.Viala Y.Vicente D.Vogt S.von Essen C.Voss H.,Votruba V.Voutsinas S.Walmsley G.Weiler M.Wertz O.Wevers T.,Wyrzykowski L.Yoldas A.Zerjal M.Ziaeepour H.Zorec J.Zschocke S.,Zucker S.Zurbach C.Zwitter T.2020-09-30T07:08:20Z2018-08-10T11:38:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxproper-motionsGaia Data Release 2 provides high-precision astrometry and three-band photometry for about 1.3 billion sources over the full sky. The precision, accuracy, and homogeneity of both astrometry and photometry are unprecedented. We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Gaia allows us to present many different HRDs, depending in particular on stellar population selections. We do not aim here for completeness in terms of types of stars or stellar evolutionary aspects. Instead, we have chosen several illustrative examples. We describe some of the selections that can be made in Gaia DR2 to highlight the main structures of the Gaia HRDs. We select both field and cluster (open and globular) stars, compare the observations with previous classifications and with stellar evolutionary tracks, and we present variations of the Gaia HRD with age, metallicity, and kinematics. Late stages of stellar evolution such as hot subdwarfs, post-AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and white dwarfs are also analysed, as well as low-mass brown dwarf objects. The Gaia HRDs are unprecedented in both precision and coverage of the various Milky Way stellar populations and stellar evolutionary phases. Many fine structures of the HRDs are presented. The clear split of the white dwarf sequence into hydrogen and helium white dwarfs is presented for the first time in an HRD. The relation between kinematics and the HRD is nicely illustrated. Two different populations in a classical kinematic selection of the halo are unambiguously identified in the HRD. Membership and mean parameters for a selected list of open clusters are provided. They allow drawing very detailed cluster sequences, highlighting fine structures, and providing extremely precise empirical isochrones that will lead to more insight in stellar physics. Gaia DR2 demonstrates the potential of combining precise astrometry and photometry for large samples for studies in stellar evolution and stellar population and opens an entire new area for HRD-based studies.2018A&A...616A..10Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/616/A10CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/616/A10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/616/A10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/616/A10https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/616/A10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/616/A10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/616/A10GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/616/A10/tablea1a (Stars in nine open clusters within 250pc)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea1a?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea1a?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea1a?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true64.874103321.75388360.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/616/A10/tablea1b (Stars in 37 open clusters beyond 250pc)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea1b?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea1b?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea1b?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true11.629287884.77862190.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/616/A10/tablea3 (Mean parameters for clusters within 250pc)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true52.0649.060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/616/A10/tablea4 (Mean parameters for clusters beyond 250pc)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A10/tablea4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true11.749485.23950.0055555555555555564/28 30 110 193 196 1794 5/80 84 87 91 94 116 118 124 126 256 261 431 435 587 598-599 604 608-610 814-815 900-901 1074 1171-1172 1174-1175 1177 1180-1181 3501 3503 3512 3514-3515 3586 3844-3845 3856 4111 4120 4122 4144 5343 5382 5384 5443 5512 5514-5515 5536 5869 5873-5876 5880-5881 5883-5884 5886-5887 6050 6052 6058-6059 6086 7023 7032 7111 7120-7122 7180 7182 7201 7203 7261 7263 7271 7426 7432 7609 7611-7612 7946-7947 7952-7953 8274-8275 8278 9305-9310 9317 9328-9330 9332 9395-9396 9398-9399 9404 9445-9447 9452 9481 9483-9484 9486 9516-9518 9793 9795-9798 9801 9812-9814 9835 9838-9839 9921 9924 9926 9934-9935 9956 9973 9975 10361 10568 10616 6/260 272 274 276 279 287 303 309 311 313 315 318-319 324-326 330 333-335 340-342 344 353 355-358 360-362 368-370 373-374 381-383 401 404-405 407 413-414 436-437 439 443-444 447 468-470 476 478-479 500 502-503 509-511 832 836-837 839 847-849 851 1029 1031-1033 1035-1038 1041-1042 1049-1050 1052 1057-1058 1060-1062 1065 1072 1075 1090 1097 1153 1160 1162-1163 1166 1193-1194 1196 1199 1201 1554 1695 1717 1719-1720 1722-1723 1737 1739 1777-1778 1784-1786 2175 2261 2263 2269 2342-2343 2345-2347 2360 2362 2383 2387 2390-2391 2405 2407 2420-2422 2444-2446 2448 2450 3087 3109 3121-3126 3132-3133 3152 3168-3169 3172 3225-3228 3230-3231 3248-3249 3251-3254 3304 3306 3589 3591 3597 3608-3609 3612 3648 3650 4075-4078 4253 4255 4277 4320-4321 4331 4334-4335 4346 4639 4661 4673 4675 4677-4681 4683 4693-4695 4704-4705 4707 4712-4713 4716-4717 4719 4728-4730 4732-4734 4805 4866 4872 4874 4896-4897 4899 4904 10369-10370 10403 10409 10787 13983 14009-14011 14026 14030 14052-14053 14055 14064 14066 14072 14074 14339 14350 14368-14369 15384-15385 15388-15390 15428-15429 15433-15435 16439 16443 16459 16486-16487 16492 16494 16531-16533 16535 16541 16580 16582 16584-16586 16592 21365-21367 21460-21461 21517 21521-21524 21526 21532 21534 21544-21545 21553 21556 21671 21677 21682 21688 21796-21797 22052 22054-22055 22148-22150 22153 22935 22956 23011 23017 23035 23037 23261 23285-23286 23288 23313 23315 23321 23324-23325 23328-23329 23339 23344 23355-23356 23358-23359 23362 23368-23370 23372 23375 23383 23385-23387 23389 23392-23393 23395-23396 23399 23404-23405 23407-23408 23413 23415-23416 23418-23419 23443-23444 23448 23450 23453-23454 23462 23468 23472 23487 23489-23490 23508 23510-23511 23514-23516 23518-23519 23529 23531 23540-23542 23722-23723 24068 24070 24076 24078 24094-24095 24097 24099-24100 24102-24106 24109-24110 24118 24124 24126 24137 24175 24192 24194-24196 24204 24206-24207 24216-24218 24220 24223-24226 24228-24230 24241-24242 24244 24246 24248 24251-24252 24256 24259 24297-24298 24337-24339 24342 24348 24350 27895 28027 28071-28072 28078-28079 28085 28087 28100 28108 28112 28116 28118 28122-28123 28125 28127 28133-28134 28136-28138 28140-28141 28144 28150-28154 28156 28244 28416 28425 28431 28433 28439-28442 28452-28453 28455 28457 28467 28469-28470 28492 28494-28496 28498 28500 28502 28504 28506 28509 28515-28516 28526 28530 28537 28560 28608 28683 28685-28687 28690 28697-28699 28702-28703 28724 28726-28727 28732-28734 28800-28801 28803 28809 28816-28818 28824 29015 29019-29020 29022-29023 29040-29041 29075 29078 29080-29081 29083 29105 29108 29699 29710 29734-29738 29740 29824 30414-30415 30433 30435 30441-30443 30456-30458 31101 31103 31779 31782 31817 31820-31821 31824 31826 31873 31876-31878 32093 32095 33055 33076-33077 33079 33091 33094-33095 33106 33120-33121 33123-33126 33136 37179-37180 37183 37199 37208 37210-37211 37214-37216 37218-37219 37244 37246-37247 37264 37267 37272-37274 37276-37277 37279 37301 37324-37325 37327 37332 37336 37338-37339 37345 37348-37349 37498-37499 37502 37573 37575 37588 37590 37605 37607 37620 37683-37685 37687-37688 37690 37694-37695 37738 37742 37772-37773 37775 37778-37779 37798 37807 37812-37813 37815 37818-37821 37823 37825-37827 37832 37834 37848 37856-37858 37865-37867 37883 37886 37899 37902 37922-37923 37928-37929 37931 37940 37942 37948 38017 38020-38021 38053 38055 38060-38061 38063 38076-38078 38416 39171 39177 39179 39196 39198 39201 39203 39212 39216-39218 39239 39245 39247 39260 39262 39310-39311 39321-39322 39326 39331 39333-39335 39337 39339 39344 39346-39348 39350 39692-39694 39700 39702-39703 39708 39711 39725-39727 39729-39731 39734 39812-39813 39828-39830 39832-39833 40578 40584 41443 41456 42101 42103 42359 42365 42367 42399 42421 42423 42442-42443 424531.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/616/A10?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/616/A10/tablea1aStars in nine open clusters within 250pcGmagGaia G mean magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceSource identifier in Gaia DR2 (source_id)meta.idClusterCluster identifiermeta.id.parentcharRAdegRight Ascension (ICRS), epoch 2015.5degpos.eq.raDEdegDeclination (ICRS), epoch 2015.5degpos.eq.decplx? Optimized parallax (only in tablea1a.dat) (1)maspos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_plx? Uncertainty on optimized parallax (only in tablea1a.dat)masstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/616/A10/tablea1bStars in 37 open clusters beyond 250pcrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceSource identifier in Gaia DR2 (source_id)meta.idClusterCluster identifiermeta.id.parentcharRAdegRight Ascension (ICRS), epoch 2015.5degpos.eq.raDEdegDeclination (ICRS), epoch 2015.5degpos.eq.decGmagGaia G mean magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexed_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedJ/A+A/616/A10/tablea3Mean parameters for clusters within 250pcSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNMembnumber of cluster members identifiedmeta.numberintClusterCluster namemeta.id.parentcharRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS), epoch 2015.5degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS), epoch 2015.5degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainUU-component of cluster velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_UUncertainty on Ukm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatVV-component of cluster velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloate_VUncertainty on Vkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.yfloatWW-component of cluster velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_WUncertainty on Wkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.zfloatcUVError-correlation coefficient U,Vstat.correlationfloatcUWError-correlation coefficient U,Wstat.correlationfloatcVWError-correlation coefficient V,Wstat.correlationfloatRAconvRight ascension of convergent pointdegpos.eq.raDEconvDeclination of convergent pointdegpos.eq.decplxParallax of cluster centremaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plxUncertainty on parallax cluster centremasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRAProper motion along RA of cluster centremas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRAUncertainty on pmRA cluster centremas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion along DE of cluster centremas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEUncertainty on pmDE cluster centremas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatuwsdUnit-weight standard deviation of solutionstat.stdevfloatRVRadial velocity at cluster centrekm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVUncertainty of Vradkm/sstat.errorfloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/A+A/616/A10/tablea4Mean parameters for clusters beyond 250pcSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNMembNumber of cluster membersmeta.numberintClusterCluster namemeta.id.parentcharRAJ2000Right Ascension cluster centre (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination cluster centre (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplxParallax of cluster centremaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plxUncertainty of parallax cluster centremasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRAProper motion along RA of cluster centremas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAUncertainty of pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion along DE of cluster centremas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEUncertainty of pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatcc1Error correlation coefficient plx-pmRAstat.correlationfloatcc2Error correlation coefficient plx-pmDEstat.correlationfloatcc3Error correlation coefficient pmRA-pmDEstat.correlationfloatrMaxMaximum radius of the clusterdegphys.angSize;stat.maxfloatuwsdUnit-weight standard deviation of solutionstat.stdevfloatRV? Mean radial velocity, Gaia datakm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RV? Uncertainty on RVkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableo_RV? Number of radial velocity data pointsmeta.numberintnullable