J/A+A/614/A122ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/614/A122doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36140122CDSTal-Or L.Zechmeister M.Reiners A.Jeffers S.V.Schoefer P.,Quirrenbach A.Amado P.J.Ribas I.Caballero J.A.Aceituno J.,Bauer F.F.Bejar V.J.S.Czesla S.Dreizler S.Fuhrmeister B.,Hatzes A.P.Johnson E.N.Kurster M.Lafarga M.Montes D.,Morales J.C.Reffert S.Sadegi S.Seifert W.Shulyak D.2018-09-25T12:03:27Z2018-06-25T08:23:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frlate-type-starsm-starsradial-velocitynarrow-band-photometryatomic-spectroscopyPrevious simulations predicted the activity-induced radial-velocity (RV) variations of M dwarfs to range from ~1cm/s to ~1km/s, depending on various stellar and activity parameters. We investigate the observed relations between RVs, stellar activity, and stellar parameters of M dwarfs by analyzing CARMENES high-resolution visual-channel spectra (0.5-1um), which were taken within the CARMENES RV planet survey during its first 20 months of operation. During this time, 287 of the CARMENES- sample stars were observed at least five times. From each spectrum we derived a relative RV and a measure of chromospheric Halpha emission. In addition, we estimated the chromatic index (CRX) of each spectrum, which is a measure of the RV wavelength dependence. Despite having a median number of only 11 measurements per star, we show that the RV variations of the stars with RV scatter of >10m/s and a projected rotation velocity vsini>2km/s are caused mainly by activity. We name these stars 'active RV-loud stars' and find their occurrence to increase with spectral type: from ~3% for early-type M dwarfs (M0.0-2.5V) through ~30% for mid-type M dwarfs (M3.0-5.5V) to >50% for late-type M dwarfs (M6.0-9.0V). Their RV-scatter amplitude is found to be correlated mainly with vsini. For about half of the stars, we also find a linear RV-CRX anticorrelation, which indicates that their activity-induced RV scatter is lower at longer wavelengths. For most of them we can exclude a linear correlation between RV and Halpha emission. Our results are in agreement with simulated activity-induced RV variations in M dwarfs. The RV variations of most active RV-loud M dwarfs are likely to be caused by dark spots on their surfaces, which move in and out of view as the stars rotate.2018A&A...614A.122Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/614/A122CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/577/A128 : CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs I (Alonso-Floriano+, 2015)J/A+A/597/A47 : CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs II (Cortes-Contreras+ 2017)J/A+A/609/A117 : CARMENES radial velocity curves of 7 M-dwarf (Trifonov+, 2018)J/A+A/609/L5 : CARMENES radial velocity curves of HD147379 b (Reiners+, 2018)J/A+A/612/A49 : 324 CARMENES M dwarfs velocities (Reiners+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/614/A122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/614/A122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/614/A122https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/614/A122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/614/A122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/614/A122GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/614/A122/stars (List of studied stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/614/A122/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/614/A122/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/614/A122/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true15.839541762.36588890.0055555555555555566/2545 3715 5000 8627 9471 10695 10999 12140 13427 13451 13743 14781 14858 15355 16041 17606 20472 22289 23094 23564 23731 24231 27762 28955 30011 30505 30613 30833 31019 32329 40435https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/614/A122?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/614/A122/starsList of studied starsKarmnKarmn designationmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainNNumber of measurments in table.datmeta.numberintSNameSimbad namemeta.idcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/614/A122/tableThe data presented in Figures 5 and A1e_log(LHa/Lbol)? Halpha luminosity errorstat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKarmnKarmn designationmeta.id;meta.maincharRVRadial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVRadial velocity errorm/sstat.errorfloatCRXChromatic index (in m/s/Neper)spect.indexdoublee_CRXChromatic index error (in m/s/Neper)stat.errorfloatdLWDifferential line width1000m**2.s**-2spect.line.width;arith.difffloate_dLWdLW error1000m**2.s**-2stat.errorfloatlog(LHa/Lbol)? Halpha luminosityphys.luminosity;em.line.Halphafloatnullable