J/A+A/586/A102ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/586/A102doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35860102CDSVoggel K.Hilker M.Richtler T.2017-12-08T08:40:15Z2016-06-09T09:01:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesstellar-associationsglobular-star-clustersWe present a novel approach to constrain the formation channels of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs). They most probably are an inhomogeneous class of objects, composed of remnants of tidally stripped dwarf elliptical galaxies and star clusters that occupy the high mass end of the globular cluster luminosity function. We use three methods to unravel their nature: 1) we analyzed their surface brightness profiles; 2) we carried out a direct search for tidal features around UCDs; and 3) we compared the spatial distribution of GCs and UCDs in the halo of their host galaxy. Based on FORS2 observations under excellent seeing conditions, we studied the detailed structural composition of a large sample of 97 UCDs in the halo of NGC1399, the central galaxy of the Fornax cluster, by analyzing their surface brightness profiles. We found that 13 of the UCDs were resolved above the resolution limit of 23pc and we derived their structural parameters fitting a single Sersic function. When decomposing their profiles into composite King and Sersic profiles, we find evidence for faint stellar envelopes at {mu}=~26mag/arcsec^2^, surrounding the UCDs up to an extension of 90pc in radius. We also show new evidence for faint asymmetric structures and tidal tail-like features surrounding several of these UCDs, a possible tracer of their origin and assembly history within their host galaxy halos. In particular, we present evidence for the first discovery of a significant tidal tail with an extension of ~350pc around UCD-FORS2. Finally, we studied the local overdensities in the spatial distribution of globular clusters within the halo of NGC1399 out to 110kpc to see if they are related to the positions of the UCDs. We found a local overabundance of globular clusters on a scale of <=1kpc around UCDs, when we compared it to the distribution of globulars from the host galaxy. This effect is strongest for the metal-poor blue GCs. We discuss how likely it is that these clustered globulars were originally associated with the UCD, either as globular cluster systems of a nucleated dwarf galaxy that was stripped down to its nucleus, or as a surviving member of a merged super star cluster complex.2016A&A...586A.102Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/586/A102CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/383/823 : Radial velocities of UCOs in Fornax (Mieske+, 2002)J/AJ/127/2114 : Globular clusters around NGC 1399 (Dirsch+, 2004)J/A+A/418/445 : FCOS Ultra Compact Dwarf galaxies radial vel. (Mieske+ 2004)J/A+A/513/A52 : Velocities of NGC 1399 globular clusters (Schuberth+, 2010)J/MNRAS/382/1342 : Compact stellar systems around NGC 1399 (Firth+, 2007)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/586/A102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/586/A102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/586/A102https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/586/A102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/586/A102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/586/A102GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/586/A102/tablea1 (UCD and companion properties of all 19 objects for which a faint point source was found within r<300pc (see Fig. 9))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A102/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A102/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A102/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true54.7339167-35.41361110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/586/A102/table1 (Results from the Sersic fits for those 13 UCDs that have half-light radii larger than the resolution limit of 23 pc)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A102/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A102/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A102/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true54.7339167-35.41361110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/586/A102/tablea2 (UCDs from the original 97 in the FORS fields, which are not yet listed in Table 1 or as a companion hosting UCD in Table A.1)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A102/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A102/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A102/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true54.7390833-35.41411110.0055555555555555566/34534-34535https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/586/A102?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/586/A102/tablea1UCD and companion properties of all 19 objects for which a faint point source was found within r<300pc (see Fig. 9)rTidal radius (1)pcphys.size.radiusintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference used in Fig. 9meta.ref;instr.setupcharUCD-FORSUCD-FORS numbermeta.id;meta.mainintANameAlternative namemeta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmagUCD V magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatV-IUCD V-I colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.IfloatVcompV magnitude of the possible companionmagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatDistcDistance of the companion to the UCDpcpos.distanceintDisttNDistance of the UCD to the center of NCG 1399kpcpos.distancefloatDistc/rFraction between Distc/r (2)pos.distance;arith.ratiofloatRVRadial Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricinte_RVrms uncertainty on RVkm/sstat.errorintJ/A+A/586/A102/table1Results from the Sersic fits for those 13 UCDs that have half-light radii larger than the resolution limit of 23 pce_V-Irms uncertainty on V-Imagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.VfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintUCD-FORSUCD-FORS numbermeta.id;meta.mainintANameAlternative name (G1)meta.idcharn_AName[abc] Note on AName (1)meta.notecharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmagUCD V magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_Vmagrms uncertainty on Vmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatReffEffective temperaturepcphys.temperature.effectivefloate_Reffrms uncertainty on Reff (2)pcstat.errorfloatnSersic indexstat.fit.paramfloate_nrms uncertainty on n (2)stat.errorfloatV-IUCD V-I colour index (3)magphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.IfloatRVRadial velocity (3)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricinte_RVrms uncertainty on RVkm/sstat.errorintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/586/A102/tablea2UCDs from the original 97 in the FORS fields, which are not yet listed in Table 1 or as a companion hosting UCD in Table A.1recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintUCD-FORSUCD-FORS numbermeta.id;meta.mainintANameAlternative name (G1)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmagUCD V magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_Vmagrms uncertainty on Vmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatV-IUCD V-I colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloate_V-Irms uncertainty on V-Imagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.Vfloat