J/A+A/584/A92ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/584/A92doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35840092CDSMontillaud J.Juvela M.Rivera-Ingraham A.Malinen J.Pelkonen V.-M.,Ristorcelli I.Montier L.Marshall D.J.Marton G.Pagani L.Toth L.V.,Zahorecz S.Ysard N.McGehee P.Paladini R.Falgarone E.,Bernard J.-P.Motte F.Zavagno A.Doi Y.2017-09-13T15:24:23Z2015-11-26T13:18:15ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyinterstellar-mediumgalaxy-classification-systemsFor the project Galactic cold cores, Herschel photometric observations were carried out as a follow-up of cold regions of interstellar clouds previously identified with the Planck satellite. The aim of the project is to derive the physical properties of the population of cold sources and to study its connection to ongoing and future star formation. We build a catalogue of cold sources within the clouds in 116 fields observed with the Herschel PACS and SPIRE instruments. We wish to determine the general physical characteristics of the cold sources and to examine the correlations with their host cloud properties. From Herschel data, we compute colour temperature and column density maps of the fields. We estimate the distance to the target clouds and provide both uncertainties and reliability flags for the distances. The getsources multi-wavelength source extraction algorithm is employed to build a catalogue of several thousands of cold sources. Mid-infrared data are used along with a colour and position criteria to separate starless and protostellar sources. We also propose another classification method based on sub-millimetre temperature profiles. We analyse the statistical distributions of the physical properties of the source samples. We provide a catalogue of ~4000 cold sources within or near star forming clouds, most of which are located either in nearby molecular complexes (<1kpc) or in star forming regions of the nearby galactic arms (~2kpc). About 70% of the sources have a size compatible with an individual core, and 35% of those sources are likely gravitationally bound. Significant statistical differences in physical properties are found between starless and protostellar sources, in column density - dust temperature, mass - size, and mass - dust temperature diagrams. The core mass functions are very similar to those previously reported for other regions. On statistical grounds we find that gravitationally bound sources have higher background column densities (median N_bg_(H_2_)~5x10^21^cm-2) than unbound sources (median N_bg_(H_2_)~3x10^21^cm-2). These values of N_bg_(H_2_) are higher for larger dust temperature of the external layers of the parent cloud. However, only in few cases do we find clear N_bg_(H_2_) thresholds for the presence of cores. The dust temperature of cloud external layers shows clear variations with galactic location, as possibly do the source temperatures. Our data support a more complex view of star formation than in the simple idea of a column density threshold. They show a clear influence of the surrounding UV-visible radiation on how cores distribute in their host clouds, with possible variations on the Galactic scale.2015A&A...584A..92Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/584/A92CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)J/A+A/584/A93 : Galactic cold cores. V. Dust opacity (Juvela+, 2015)J/A+A/584/A94 : Galactic cold cores. VI. Herschel fields list (Juvela+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/584/A92https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/584/A92http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/584/A92https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/584/A92https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/584/A92http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/584/A92GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/584/A92/gccscat (The GCC source catalogue)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A92/gccscat?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A92/gccscat?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A92/gccscat?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true250.14257-18.841790.0055555555555555565/3669 5638 9602 6/103 114 596-597 599 768 770 1111 1117 1134 1220 1223 1234 1240 1247 1253 1255 1262-1266 1268-1269 1282 1288 1418 1531 1560-1562 1581 1583 1592 1604 1636 1802-1803 1873 1935 1937 1940 1946 1957 1959 1964-1965 1968 2936-2937 3223 3229 3266 3645 3647 3850-3851 3873 3878 3884 4062 7973 13032-13033 13112 13786 13925 13927 13975 13981 13991 13997 14002 14008 14207 14277-14279 14284-14285 14592 14594-14595 15415 15420-15421 15540-15541 15552-15554 15561 15564 15567 15578 15667 15670 15673 15676 15682-15683 15759 15781 15825 15827 16149 16154-16155 16192 17594-17595 17936-17937 18411 19777 20025 20248 20250 20863 21336-21338 21397 21451 21454 21546 22042 22064-22065 22067 22081 22816-22817 23572 23576 23578 23627 23630 23639 23645 23697 23763 23810 23816 24087 24090 24093 24112-24113 24202 24492-24493 24552 24554 29207 29212 29231 29238-29239 29242 29244-29245 29356 29440 29566 29638 29652-29653 29661 29673 29676 29685 29687 30344 30368 30425 30427-30428 30430-30431 30602 30746-30748 30802 31241 31243 31257 31263 31285 37126-37127 37725 37855 38445 38447 38456 38458 38538 38567 38578 39188 39231 39274 39317 39326-39327 39348 39390 39549 39551 39720 39722 41047 41053 41218 41224 41513 41515 41638 41644 41850-41851 41879 41922 41937 42110-42111 42301 42384-42385 42547 42560 42754 42760 42765 42776 43141 431433.972892068905477e-22 1.2415266230347566e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/584/A92?format=asciiRadioOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/584/A92/table1General properties of Herschel fieldsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldField nameobs.fieldcharDist? Adopted distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableE_Dist? Error on Dist (upper value)kpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Dist? Error on Dist (lower value)kpcstat.errorfloatnullableFlag[0/2] Reliability flag on Dist (1)meta.code.errorcharRG? Galactic radius (galactocentric distance)kpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatnullableAltG? Galactic altitudepcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticintnullableT0.10.1th percentile dust temperature in the fieldKphys.temperaturefloatT9090th percentile dust temperature in the fieldKphys.temperaturefloatNh2Median H_2_ column index in the fieldcm**-2meta.code;spect.index;stat.mediandoubleMass? Total mass in the fieldsolMassphys.mass;obs.fielddoublenullableC90? Mass at 90% completenesssolMassphys.massdoublenullableC50? Mass at 90% completenesssolMassphys.massdoublenullableAssocAssociated clouds and masers (2)meta.id.assoccharJ/A+A/584/A92/gccscatThe GCC source catalogueTdustDust temperature (7)Kphys.temperaturefloatIDSource number in this cataloguemeta.id;meta.mainintGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldName of the Herschel field where sources were extracted (GLLL.l+BB.bb)obs.fieldcharDistAdopted distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatE_DistUpper distance uncertaintykpcstat.error;stat.maxfloate_DistLower distance uncertaintykpcstat.errorfloatDflag[0/2] Distance quality flag (1)meta.code.qual;pos.distancecharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonSIGGLOGlobal significance of the source extraction (2)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleFG[0/3] getsources quality flag (2)(3)meta.code.qualcharGOODGoodness of the extraction (2)stat.fit.goodness;phys.angSizefloatSIGMONO1Monochromatic significance of the source extraction at 160 microns (2)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleFM1? Monochromatic quality flag for the source extraction at 160um (2) (4)meta.code.qualintnullableFXPBEST1? Peak flux value in the source at 160um (Jansky/beam) (2) (5)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_FXPBEST1? Uncertainty on the peak flux value in the source at 160um (Jansky/beam) (2) (5)Jy/beamstat.errordoublenullableFXTBEST1? Total flux value in the source at 160um (2)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_FXTBEST1? Uncertainty on the total flux value in the source at 160um (2)Jystat.errordoublenullableState[0/4] Final state of evolution (13)phys.atmol.finalcharAFWHM1FWHM of the source major axis at 160um (2)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloatBFWHM1FWHM of the source minor axis at 160um (2)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloatPA1Position angle of the source major axis at 160um (2) (6)degpos.posAngfloatSIGMONO2Monochromatic significance of the source extraction at 250 microns (2)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleFM2[0/2] Monochromatic quality flag for the source extraction at 250um (2) (4)meta.code.qualcharFXPBEST2? Peak flux value in the source at 250um (Jansky/beam) (2) (5)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_FXPBEST2? Uncertainty on the peak flux value in the source at 250um (Jansky/beam) (2) (5)Jy/beamstat.errordoublenullableFXTBEST2? Total flux value in the source at 250um (2)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_FXTBEST2? Uncertainty on the total flux value in the source at 250um (2)Jystat.errordoublenullableAFWHM2FWHM of the source major axis at 250um (2)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatBFWHM2FWHM of the source minor axis at 250um (2)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatPA2Position angle of the source major axis at 250um (2) (6)degpos.posAngfloatSIGMONO3Monochromatic significance of the source extraction at 350 microns (2)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleFM3[0/1] Monochromatic quality flag for the source extraction at 350um (2) (4)meta.code.qualcharFXPBEST3? Peak flux value in the source at 350um (Jansky/beam) (2) (5)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_FXPBEST3? Uncertainty on the peak flux value in the source at 350um (Jansky/beam) (2) (5)Jy/beamstat.errordoublenullableFXTBEST3? Total flux value in the source at 350um (2)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_FXTBEST3? Uncertainty on the total flux value in the source at 350um (2)Jystat.errordoublenullableAFWHM3FWHM of the source major axis at 350um (2)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatBFWHM3FWHM of the source minor axis at 350um (2)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatPA3Position angle of the source major axis at 350um (2) (6)degpos.posAngfloatSIGMONO4Monochromatic significance of the source extraction at 500 microns (2)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleFM4[0/1] Monochromatic quality flag for the source extraction at 500um (2) (4)meta.code.qualcharFXPBEST4? Peak flux value in the source at 500um (Jansky/beam) (2) (5)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublenullablee_FXPBEST4? Uncertainty on the peak flux value in the source at 500um (Jansky/beam) (2) (5)Jy/beamstat.errordoublenullableFXTBEST4? Total flux value in the source at 500um (2)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublenullablee_FXTBEST4? Uncertainty on the total flux value in the source at 500um (2)Jystat.errordoublenullableAFWHM4FWHM of the source major axis at 500um (2)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.400-750GHzfloatBFWHM4FWHM of the source minor axis at 500um (2)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.400-750GHzfloatPA4Position angle of the source major axis at 500um (2) (6)degpos.posAngfloatSIGMONO5Monochromatic significance of the source extraction in the opacity map (tau_200) (2)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleFM5[0/2] Monochromatic quality flag for the source extraction in the opacity map (tau_200) (2) (4)meta.code.qualcharFXPBEST5? Peak flux value in the source in the opacity map (tau_200) (beam-1) (2) (5)beam**-1phot.fluxdoublenullablee_FXPBEST5? Uncertainty on the peak flux value in the source in the opacity map (tau_200) (beam-1) (2) (5)beam**-1stat.errordoublenullableFXTBEST5? Total flux value in the source in the opacity map (tau_200) (2)phot.fluxdoublenullablee_FXTBEST5? Uncertainty on the total flux value in the source in the opacity map (tau_200) (2)stat.errordoublenullableAFWHM5FWHM of the source major axis in the opacity map (tau_200) (2)arcsecphys.angSizefloatBFWHM5FWHM of the source minor axis in the opacity map (tau_200) (2)arcsecphys.angSizefloatPA5Position angle of the source major axis in the opacity map (tau_200) (2) (6)degpos.posAngfloatI200Calculated surface brightness at 200um (7)degphot.mag.sbdoubleNH2Column density (7)cm**-2phys.columnDensitydoubleLbolBolometric luminosity (7)solLumphys.luminositydoubleMassSource mass (7)solMassphys.massdoubleChi2Chi2 of the SED fit (7)stat.fit.chi2;stat.fit.param;meta.modelleddoubleNH2bgBackground column density (7)cm**-2phys.columnDensitydoubleaBERatio of Bonnor-Ebert mass to estimated mass (7)phys.mass;arith.ratiodoubleWKGalFlag[0/3] Galactic/extragalactic flag using WISE data and Koenig et al. (2012AAS...21932007K) method (8)meta.codecharXgalFlag[0/1] Galactic/extragalactic flag after combining all methods (9)meta.codecharStateNIR[0/4] State of evolution derived from near-IR data (10)meta.codecharClass[0/9] Class of the embedded YSO (11)meta.codecharStateFIR[0/2] State of evolution derived from mid-IR data (12)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar