J/A+A/584/A91ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/584/A91doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35840091CDSKonyves V.Andre P.Men'shchikov A.Palmeirim P.Arzoumanian D.,Schneider N.Roy A.Didelon P.Maury A.Shimajiri Y.,Di Francesco J.Bontemps S.Peretto N.Benedettini M.Bernard J.-P.,Elia D.Griffin M.J.Hill T.Kirk J.Ladjelate B.Marsh K.,Martin P.G.Motte F.Nguyen Luong Q.Pezzuto S.Roussel H.,Rygl K.L.J.Sadavoy S.I.Schisano E.Spinoglio L.Ward-Thompson D.,White G.J.2018-01-22T14:52:59Z2015-11-26T13:12:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-sourcesinterstellar-mediummillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomyWe present and discuss the results of the Herschel Gould Belt survey (HGBS) observations in an ~11deg^2^ area of the Aquila molecular cloud complex at d~260pc, imaged with the SPIRE and PACS photometric cameras in parallel mode from 70-micron to 500-micron. Using the multi-scale, multi-wavelength source extraction algorithm getsources, we identify a complete sample of starless dense cores and embedded (Class 0-I) protostars in this region, and analyze their global properties and spatial distributions. We find a total of 651 starless cores, ~60% +/-10% of which are gravitationally bound prestellar cores, and they will likely form stars in the future. We also detect 58 protostellar cores. The core mass function (CMF) derived for the large population of prestellar cores is very similar in shape to the stellar initial mass function (IMF), confirming earlier findings on a much stronger statistical basis and supporting the view that there is a close physical link between the stellar IMF and the prestellar CMF. The global shift in mass scale observed between the CMF and the IMF is consistent with a typical star formation efficiency of ~40% at the level of an individual core. By comparing the numbers of starless cores in various density bins to the number of young stellar objects (YSOs), we estimate that the lifetime of prestellar cores is ~1Myr, which is typically ~4 times longer than the core free-fall time, and that it decreases with average core density. We find a strong correlation between the spatial distribution of prestellar cores and the densest filaments observed in the Aquila complex. About 90% of the Herschel-identified prestellar cores are located above a background column density corresponding to A_V_~7, and ~75% of them lie within filamentary structures with supercritical masses per unit length >~16M_{sun}_/pc. These findings support a picture wherein the cores making up the peak of the CMF (and probably responsible for the base of the IMF) result primarily from the gravitational fragmentation of marginally supercritical filaments. Given that filaments appear to dominate the mass budget of dense gas at A_V_>7, our findings also suggest that the physics of prestellar core formation within filaments is responsible for a characteristic "efficiency" SFR/M_dense_~5+/-2x10^-8^yr^-1^ for the star formation process in dense gas.2015A&A...584A..91Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/584/A91CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/421/3257 : MHO catalogue for Serpens and Aquila (Ioannidis+, 2012)J/ApJ/723/915 : BLAST view of Aquila SFR (Rivera-Ingraham+, 2013)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/584/A91https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/584/A91http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/584/A91https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/584/A91https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/584/A91http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/584/A91GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/584/A91/tablea1 (Observed properties of dense cores in Aquila)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A91/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A91/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A91/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true275.477625-2.93255560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/584/A91/tablea2 (Derived properties of dense cores in Aquila)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A91/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A91/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A91/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true275.477625-2.93255560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/584/A91/list (List of fits images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A91/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A91/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/584/A91/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true277.4175-2.796140.0055555555555555565/7563 7585 6/30249 30251 30266 30337 30339 30352 30354 303603.972892068905477e-22 2.837779945223663e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/584/A91?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/A+A/584/A91/tablea1Observed properties of dense cores in AquilaCoretypeCore type (6)src.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqCore running numbermeta.id;meta.mainintNameCore name, HHMMSS.s+DDMMSS, to be added after HGBS_Jmeta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSigni070Detection significance at 70um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp070Peak flux density at 70um (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublee_Sp070Error on peak flux density at 70um (in Jy/beam)Jystat.errordoubleSp070/Sbg070Contrast over local background at 70umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv070Smoothed peak flux density at 70um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoubleStot070Integrated flux density at 70umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublee_Stot070Error on integrated flux density at 70umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa070? Major FWHM diameter at 70um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;em.IR.60-100umintnullableFWHMb070? Minor FWHM diameter at 70um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullablePA070? Position angle at 70um (3)(4)degpos.posAngintnullableSigni160Detection significance at 160um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp160Peak flux density at 160um (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublee_Sp160Error on peak flux density at 160um (in Jy/beam)Jystat.errordoubleSp160/Sbg160Contrast over local background at 160umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv160Smoothed peak flux density at 160um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoubleStot160Integrated flux density at 160umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublee_Stot160Error on integrated flux density at 160umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa160? Major FWHM diameter at 160um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.1500-3000GHzintnullableFWHMb160? Minor FWHM diameter at 160um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullablePA160? Position angle at 160um (3)(4)degpos.posAngintnullableSigni250Detection significance at 250um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp250Peak flux density at 250um (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Sp250Error on peak flux density at 250um (in Jy/beam)Jystat.errordoubleSp250/Sbg250Contrast over local background at 250umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv250Smoothed peak flux density at 250um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoubleStot250Integrated flux density at 250umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Stot250Error on integrated flux density at 250umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa250? Major FWHM diameter at 250um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.750-1500GHzintnullableFWHMb250? Minor FWHM diameter at 250um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullablePA250? Position angle at 250um (3)(4)degpos.posAngintnullableSigni350Detection significance at 350um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp350Peak flux density at 350um (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Sp350Error on peak flux density at 350um (in Jy/beam)Jystat.errordoubleSp350/Sbg350Contrast over local background at 350umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv350Smoothed peak flux density at 350um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoubleStot350Integrated flux density at 350umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Stot350Error on integrated flux density at 350umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa350Major FWHM diameter of core at 350umarcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.750-1500GHzintFWHMb350Minor FWHM diameter of core at 350umarcsecphys.angSize;srcintPA350Position angle of core at 350um (4)degpos.posAngintSigni500Detection significance at 500um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp500Peak flux density at 500um (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublee_Sp500Error on peak flux density at 500um (in Jy/beam)Jystat.errordoubleSp500/Sbg500Contrast over local background at 500umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatStot500Integrated flux density at 500umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublee_Stot500Error on integrated flux density at 500umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa500Major FWHM diameter of core at 500umarcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.400-750GHzintFWHMb500Minor FWHM diameter of core at 500umarcsecphys.angSize;srcintPA500Position angle of core at 500um (4)degpos.posAngintSigniNH2Detection significance at column densitystat.fit.goodnessfloatNpH2Peak H2 column density at 18.2" resolution1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatNpH2/NbgContrast over local background at column densityphys.density;arith.ratiofloatNconvH2Peak H2 column density at 36.3" resolution1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatNbgH2Local background H_2 column density1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatFWHMaNH2Major FWHM diameter of core at N_H2arcsecphys.angSizeintFWHMbNH2Minor FWHM diameter of core at N_H2arcsecphys.angSize;srcintPANH2Position angle of core at N_H2 (4)degpos.posAngintNSED[1/5] Number of significant Herschel bandsmeta.numberintCSARflag[012] Associations with CSAR-found cores (5)meta.codecharNSIMBADClosest counterpart found in SIMBADmeta.id.assoccharNSPITZERClosest SPITZER c2d association (7)meta.id.assoccharComCommentsmeta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/584/A91/tablea2Derived properties of dense cores in AquilarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqCore running numbermeta.id;meta.mainintNameCore name, HHMMSS.s+DDMMSS, to be added after HGBS_J*meta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRdDeconvolved core radius (1)pcphys.size.radiusdoubleRobsObserved core radius (2)pcphys.size.radiusdoubleMcoreEstimated core masssolMassphys.massfloate_McoreUncertainty in the core masssolMassstat.errorfloatTdustDust temperature from SED fittingKphys.temperaturefloate_TdustUncertainty in the dust temperatureKstat.errorfloatNH2peakPeak H2 column density at 36.3" resolution1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatNH2avAverage N_H2_ derived with Robs1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatNH2avdAverage N_H2_ derived with Rd1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatnH2peakBeam-averaged peak volume density10000cm**-3phys.densityfloatnH2avAverage core volume density from Robs10000cm**-3phys.densityfloatnH2avdAverage volume density from Rd10000cm**-3phys.densityfloatalphaBEBonnor-Ebert mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloatCoretypeCore type (3)src.classcharComComments (4)meta.notecharJ/A+A/584/A91/listList of fits imagesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension of image center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of image center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainScale[3] Scale of the imagearcsec/pixinstr.scaleintNx[5233] Number of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNy[5657] Number of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintsize[115642] Size of the fits fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of the fits file in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the fits filemeta.title;meta.fitschar