J/A+A/578/A128ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/578/A128doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35780128CDSKains N.Arellano Ferro A.Figuera Jaimes R.Bramich D. M.Skottfelt J.,Jorgensen U.G.Tsapras Y.Street R.A.Browne P.Dominik M.Horne K.,Hundertmark M.Ipatov S.Snodgrass C.Steele I.A.Alsubai K.A.,Bozza V.Calchi Novati S.Ciceri S.D'Ago G.Galianni P.Gu S.-H.,Harpsoe K.Hinse T.C.Juncher D.Korhonen H.Mancini L.Popovas A.,Rabus M.Rahvar S.Southworth J.Surdej J.Vilela C.Wang X.-B.,Wertz O.2023-10-03T13:02:03Z2015-06-16T07:36:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clustersccd-photometryWe analyse 20 nights of CCD observations in the V and I bands of the globular cluster M68 (NGC 4590), using these to detect variable objects. We also obtained electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) observations for this cluster in order to explore its core with unprecedented spatial resolution from the ground. We reduced our data using difference image analysis, in order to achieve the best possible photometry in the crowded field of the cluster. In doing so, we showed that when dealing with identical networked telescopes, a reference image from any telescope may be used to reduce data from any other telescope, which facilitates the analysis significantly. We then used our light curves to estimate the properties of the RR Lyrae (RRL) stars in M68 through Fourier decomposition and empirical relations. The variable star properties then allowed us to derive the cluster's metallicity and distance. M68 had 45 previously confirmed variables, including 42 RRL and 2 SX Phoenicis (SX Phe) stars. In this paper we determine new periods, and search for new variables, especially in the core of the cluster where our method performs particularly well. We detect an additional 4 SX Phe stars, and confirm the variability of another star, bringing the total number of confirmed variable stars in this cluster to 50. We also used archival data stretching back to 1951 in order to derive period changes for some of the single-mode RRL stars, and analyse the significant number of double-mode RRL stars in M68. Furthermore, we find evidence for double-mode pulsation in one of the SX Phe stars in this cluster. Using the different classes of variables, we derived values for the metallicity of the cluster of [Fe/H]=-2.07+/-0.06 on the ZW scale, or -2.20+/-0.10 on the UVES scale, and found true distance moduli 15.00 +/- 0.11 mag (using RR0 stars), 15.00+/-0.05mag (using RR1 stars), 14.97+/-0.11mag (using SX Phe stars), and 15.00+/-0.07mag (using the M_V_-[Fe/H] relation for RRL stars), corresponding to physical distances of 10.00+/-0.49, 9.99+/-0.21, 9.84+/-0.50 and 10.00+/-0.30kpc, respectively. Thanks to the first use of difference image analysis on time-series observations of M68, we are now confident that we have a complete census of the RRL stars in this cluster.2015A&A...578A.128Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/578/A128CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/413/1275 : VrI light curves of NGC6981 variables (Bramich+, 2011)J/A+A/548/A92 : VrI light curves of NGC1904 variables (Kains+, 2012)J/A+A/555/A36 : VrI light curves of NGC7099 variables (Kains+, 2013)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/578/A128https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/578/A128http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/578/A128https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/578/A128https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/578/A128http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/578/A128GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/578/A128/table43 (Data for all confirmed variable stars in NGC4590)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/578/A128/table43?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/578/A128/table43?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/578/A128/table43?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true189.77858333-26.714805560.0055555555555555566/24843https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/578/A128?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/578/A128/table43Data for all confirmed variable stars in NGC4590LCPlot of the light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharVNameVariable ID (V1 to V53, V40-V42 missing)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNNumber of observations for this variablemeta.ref.urlintnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainEp[2697/6434]? Epoch (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoublenullablePer[0.03/323]? Variability perioddsrc.vardoublenullablebeta[-1.1/1.6]? Period-change rate parameter {beta}, where relevant (in 2.738x10^-9^)d/Myrarith.rate;time.periodfloatnullable<Vmag>[9.8/18.1]? Intensity-weighted mean V magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullable<Imag>[15/17.68]? Intensity-weighted mean I magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablel_Vamp[~ >=] Limit flag on Vampmeta.code.errorcharVamp[0.1/4.1]? Amplitude in V bandmagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableu_Iamp[~] Uncertainty flag on Iampmeta.code.errorcharIamp[0.1/0.8]? Amplitude in I bandmagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableVTypeVariable type: RR0/1, SX Phe, or Mirameta.code;src.varcharn_VType[bd+? ] Note on VType (2)meta.notecharJ/A+A/578/A128/ngc4590*V and I light curves for 49 variablesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVNameVariable ID (VNN) \linkRole{star properties}meta.id;meta.maincharFilter[VI] Filter (V or I)meta.id;instr.filtercharJDJulian datedtime.epochdoubleindexedmag.s[12.7/18.5] Standard magnitudemagphot.magfloatmag.i[14.8/21.3] Instrumental magnitudemagphot.magfloate_mag.i[0.001/0.2] Error on the magnitudemagstat.errorfloatFref[44/5832] Reference flux (in ADU/s)s**-1phot.flux.density;em.optdoublee_Fref[0.9/1.6] Error on the reference flux (in ADU/s)s**-1stat.errorfloatDFlux[-11069/11018] Differential flux (in ADU/s)s**-1phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_DFlux[2/56] Error on the differential flux (in ADU/s)s**-1stat.errorfloatp[0.5/3.1] Photometric scale factorarith.factorfloat