J/A+A/573/A19ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/573/A19doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35730019CDSSicilia-Aguilar A.Roccatagliata V.Getman K.Riviere-Marichalar P.,Birnstiel T.Merin B.Fang M.Henning T.Eiroa C.Currie T.2017-09-27T05:55:38Z2015-02-26T14:08:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clusterspre-main-sequence-starsmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyaccretionThe CepOB2 region, with its two intermediate-aged clusters Tr37 and NGC7160, is a paradigm of sequential star formation and an ideal site for studies of protoplanetary disk evolution. We use Herschel data to study the protoplanetary disks and the star formation history of the region. Herschel/PACS observations at 70 and 160{mu}m probe the disk properties (mass, dust sizes, structure) and the evolutionary state of a large number of young stars. Far-IR data also trace the remnant cloud material and small-scale cloud structure. We detect 95 protoplanetary disks at 70{mu}m, 41 at 160{mu}m, and obtain upper limits for more than 130 objects. The detection fraction at 70{mu}m depends on the spectral type (88% for K4 or earlier stars, 17% for M3 or later stars) and on the disk type (~50% for full and pre-transitional disks, ~35% for transitional disks, no low-excess/depleted disks detected). Non-accreting disks are not detected, suggesting significantly lower masses. Accreting transition and pre-transition disks have systematically higher 70{mu}m excesses than full disks, suggestive of more massive, flared and/or thicker disks. Herschel data also reveal several mini-clusters in Tr37, which are small, compact structures containing a few young stars surrounded by nebulosity. Far-IR data are an excellent probe of the evolution of disks that are too faint for sub-millimetre observations. We find a strong link between far-IR emission and accretion, and between the inner and outer disk structure. Herschel confirms the dichotomy between accreting and non-accreting transition disks. Accretion is a powerful measure of global disk evolution: substantial mass depletion and global evolution need to occur to shut down accretion in a protoplanetary disk, even if the disk has inner holes. Disks likely follow different evolutionary paths: low disk masses do not imply opening inner holes, and having inner holes does not require low disk masses. The mini-clusters reveal multi-episodic star formation in Tr37. The long survival of mini-clusters suggest that they formed from the fragmentation of the same core. Their various morphologies favour different formation/triggering mechanisms acting within the same cluster. The beads-on-a-string structure in one mini-cluster is consistent with gravitational fragmentation or gravitational focusing, acting on very small scales (solar-mass stars in ~0.5pc filaments). Multi-episodic star formation could also produce evolutionary variations between disks in the same region. Finally, Herschel also unveils what could be the first heavy mass loss episode of the O6.5 star HD 206267 in Tr 37.2015A&A...573A..19Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/573/A19CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/130/188 : Young stars in Tr 37 and NGC 7160 (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2005)J/ApJ/702/1507 : Mid-IR photometry in IC 1396A (Morales-Calderon+, 2009)J/MNRAS/415/103 : IPHAS T Tauri candidates in IC 1396 (Barentsen+, 2011)J/MNRAS/426/2917 : X-rays sources in Trumpler 37 (Getman+, 2012)J/A+A/559/A29 : BR 1202-0725 system in [CII] line (Carniani+, 2013)J/A+A/551/A34 : SED information for CrA members (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2013)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/573/A19https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/573/A19http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/573/A19https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/573/A19https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/573/A19http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/573/A19GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/573/A19/pacs (PACS photometry of previously known CepOB2 members identified by optical spectroscopy (table A1) and members identified by Spitzer/X-ray/H{alpha} photometry (table A3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/573/A19/pacs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/573/A19/pacs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/573/A19/pacs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true328.404458362.47969440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/573/A19/limits (PACS upper limits of previously known CepOB2 members identified by optical spectroscopy (table A1) and members identified by Spitzer/X-ray/H{alpha} photometry (table A3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/573/A19/limits?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/573/A19/limits?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/573/A19/limits?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true323.792541757.52986110.0055555555555555566/15478-15479 15662 157481.6884755400290029e-21 3.243176138527326e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/573/A19?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/573/A19/pacsPACS photometry of previously known CepOB2 members identified by optical spectroscopy (table A1) and members identified by Spitzer/X-ray/H{alpha} photometry (table A3)l_AccLimit flag on Accmeta.code.errorchare_F100? rms uncertainty on F100Jystat.errorfloatnullableu_F100Uncertainty flag on F100meta.code.errorcharF70? Herschel/PACS flux density at 70umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.notecharNameName (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharSpTypeSpectral type (1)src.spTypecharAVAbsorption in V band (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatAV2? Second value of absorption in V band (1)magphys.absorptionfloatnullableEWHa? H{alpha} equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.HalphafloatnullableEWHa2? Second H{alpha} equivalent width value (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.HalphaintnullableEWHa3? Third H{alpha} equivalent width value (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.Halphaintnullable2MASS2MASS designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.idcharl_F70[<= ] Limit (<) or marginal detection (<=) flag on F70um (2)meta.code.errorchare_F70? rms uncertainty on F70Jystat.errorfloatnullableu_F70Uncertainty flag on F70meta.code.errorcharn_F70Note on F70 (3)meta.notecharl_F100[<= ] Limit (<) or marginal detection (<=) flag on F100um (2)meta.code.errorcharF100? Herschel/PACS flux density at 100umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullableF100b? Second value of flux density at 100umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullablen_F100[1/2] Note on F100um (3)meta.notecharDiskDisk type (G2)meta.code.classcharAcc? Accretion from photometry (4)1e-08solMass.yr**-1phys.mass.lossfloatnullableE_Acc? Error on Accretion (upper value)1e-08solMass.yr**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Acc? Error on Accretion (lower value)1e-08solMass.yr**-1stat.errorfloatnullablen_AccAccretion from optical spectroscopy (4)meta.notecharComComments (5)meta.notecharn_Com[*] Uncertain photometry (6)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition, from 2MASS name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition, from 2MASS name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/573/A19/limitsPACS upper limits of previously known CepOB2 members identified by optical spectroscopy (table A1) and members identified by Spitzer/X-ray/H{alpha} photometry (table A3)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS designation (JHHMMSSss+DDMMss)meta.id;meta.maincharn_2MASS[a] Note (2)meta.notecharSpTypeSpectral type (1)src.spTypecharl_F70[<= ] Marginal detection flag on F70meta.code.errorcharF70Herschel/PACS flux density at 70umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloate_F70? rms uncertainty on F70Jystat.errorfloatnullableu_F70Uncertainty flag on F70meta.code.errorcharn_F70[1] Note on F70um (2)meta.notecharl_F100Limit flag on F100meta.code.errorcharF100? Herschel/PACS flux density at 100umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullablee_F100? rms uncertainty on F100Jystat.errorfloatnullableu_F100Uncertainty flag on F100meta.code.errorcharRefReferences (3)meta.refcharDiskDisk type (G2)meta.code.classcharComComments (4)meta.notecharStSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition, from 2MASS name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition, from 2MASS name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main