J/PASP/134/H2001ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASP/134/H2001doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.61351001CDSAlbrecht S.H.Dawson R.I.Winn J.N.2025-09-09T14:15:14Z2023-04-04T14:21:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsorbitsvisible-astronomyThe rotation of a star and the revolutions of its planets are not necessarily aligned. This article reviews the measurement techniques, key findings, and theoretical interpretations related to the obliquities (spin-orbit angles) of planet-hosting stars. The best measurements are for stars with short-period giant planets, which have been found on prograde, polar, and retrograde orbits. It seems likely that dynamical processes such as planet-planet scattering and secular perturbations are responsible for tilting the orbits of close-in giant planets, just as those processes are implicated in exciting orbital eccentricities. The observed dependence of the obliquity on orbital separation, planet mass, and stellar structure suggests that in some cases, tidal dissipation damps a star's obliquity within its main-sequence lifetime. The situation is not as clear for stars with smaller or wider-orbiting planets. Although the earliest measurements of such systems tended to find low obliquities, some glaring exceptions are now known in which the star's rotation is misaligned with respect to the coplanar orbits of multiple planets. In addition, statistical analyses based on projected rotation velocities and photometric variability have found a broad range of obliquities for F-type stars hosting compact multiple-planet systems. The results suggest it is unsafe to assume that stars and their protoplanetary disks are aligned. Primordial misalignments might be produced by neighboring stars or more complex events that occur during the epoch of planet formation.2022PASP..134h2001Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/PASP/134/H2001CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/PASP/134/H2001https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/PASP/134/H2001http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/PASP/134/H2001https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/PASP/134/H2001https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/PASP/134/H2001http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/PASP/134/H2001GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/PASP/134/H2001/table2 (Key parameters of systems with multiple transiting planets for which lambda, i, or both were Determined)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/PASP/134/H2001/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/PASP/134/H2001/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/PASP/134/H2001/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true311.2897183-31.34090060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/PASP/134/H2001/tablea1 (*Key properties of planets for which lambda, i, or both angles were determined)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/PASP/134/H2001/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/PASP/134/H2001/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/PASP/134/H2001/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true311.2897183-31.34090060.0055555555555555566/368 876 1066 1292 2335 2532 2711 3344 3876 4632 4651 4730 4990 6017 6181 6217 6381 6638 7036 7208 7240 7652 7917 8197 8825 9173 9459 9482 9524 9651 9811 10407 10654 10730 10953 11908 12398 12644 12853 12862 12983 13143 13439 13680 13702 14054 14446 14598 14608 14667 14735 14757 14762 14825 14886 14914 14920 14923-14924 14936 14970 15040 15110 15126 15129 15139 15143 15145 15153 15155 15707 15950 16432 16768 16947 17172 17300 17605 17819 17851 18093 18147 18569 18726 18766 18943 19160 20116 20382 20476 20538 21026 21137 21820 21876 21885 22001 22169 22331 22505 23387 23531 24057 24115 24205 24409 24815 25194 25427 25433 25721 25885 26278 26771 26844 27780 28548 30009 30013 30293 30450 30466 30485 31541 31641 32387 32749 32848 33220 33723 33798 34054 34423 34708 35210 35486 35993 36142 36165 36497 37274 38452 38682 39542 39826 39912 40251 42659 42936 43180 43442 43623 43733 43775 43847 43960 44200 44436 44471 44648 45041 45382 46421 46437 46462 47476 48178 48274 48358 48415 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/PASP/134/H2001?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/PASP/134/H2001/table2Key parameters of systems with multiple transiting planets for which lambda, i, or both were Determinedi? Line-of-sight inclination of the stellar ngular momentum vectordegphys.angMomentumfloatnullableE_i? Error on i (upper value)degstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablepsi? Obliquitydegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullablee_psi? Error on psi (lower value)degstat.errorfloatnullableE_psi? Error on psi (upper value)degstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullabler_lambda? Reference to the work from which we drew the lambda measurement (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableRefsReference(s) to works reporting additional measurements of lambda or other system parameters not taken from TEPCat (Southworth et al., 2011, Cat. J/A+A/527/A8)meta.ref;pos.framechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffError on Teff (lower value)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintE_TeffError on Teff (upper value)Kstat.error;stat.maxinta/ROrbital separationpos.angDistancefloate_a/RError on a/R (lower value)stat.errorfloatE_a/RError on a/R (upper value)stat.error;stat.maxfloatrRadius(7.1492x10+7m)phys.angSize;srcfloate_rError on r (lower value)(7.1492x10+7m)stat.errorfloatE_rError on r (upper value)(7.1492x10+7m)stat.error;stat.maxfloatlambda? Position angle between the sky projections of the line-of-sight inclinations of the stellar and orbital angular momentum vectors (1)degpos.posAngfloatnullablee_lambda? Error on lambda (lower value)degstat.errorfloatnullableE_lambda? Error on lambda (upper value)degstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_i? Error on i (lower value)degstat.errorfloatnullableJ/PASP/134/H2001/tablea1*Key properties of planets for which lambda, i, or both angles were determinedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinta/ROrbital separationpos.angDistancefloate_a/RError on a/R (lower value)stat.errorfloatE_a/RError on a/R (upper value)stat.error;stat.maxfloatmMass(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloate_m? Error on m (lower value)(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.errorfloatnullableE_m? Error om m (upper value)(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablerRadius(7.1492x10+7m)phys.angSize;srcfloate_rError on r (lower value)(7.1492x10+7m)stat.errorfloatE_rError on r (upper value)(7.1492x10+7m)stat.error;stat.maxfloateEllipticitysrc.ellipticityfloate_e? Error on e (lower value)stat.errorfloatnullableE_e? Error on e (upper value)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablelambda? Position angle between the sky projections of the line-of-sight inclinations of the stellar and orbital angular momentum vectorsdegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_lambda? Error on lambda (lower value)degstat.errorfloatnullableE_lambda? Error on lambda (upper value)degstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablei? Line-of-sight inclination of the stellar ngular momentum vectordegphys.angMomentumfloatnullablee_i? Error on i (lower value)degstat.errorfloatnullableE_i? Error on i (upper value)degstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablepsi? Obliquitydegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullablee_psi? Error on psi (lower value)degstat.errorfloatnullableE_psi? Error on psi (upper value)degstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableRefsReferences for lambda or other system parameters not taken from TEPCat (Southworth et al., 2011, Cat. J/A+A/527/A8), in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainPlanetPlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable