J/other/PASA/42.ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/PASA/42.161CDSMori Y.L.Karakas A.I.Campbell S.W.2026-03-02T06:25:50Z2025-12-19T12:28:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frlate-type-starss-starsvariable-starsThe lowest mass at which the third dredge-up (TDU) occurs for thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stars remains a key uncertainty in detailed stellar models. S-type AGB stars are an important constraint on this uncertainty as they have C/O ratios between 0.5 and 1, meaning they have only experienced up to a few episodes of TDU. AGB stars are also long-period variable stars, pulsating in low order radial pulsation modes. In this paper, we estimate the initial masses of a large sample of intrinsic S-type AGB stars, by analysing their visual light curves, estimating their luminosities with Gaia DR3 parallax distances and finally comparing to a grid of detailed stellar models combined with linear pulsation models. We find that the initial mass distribution of intrinsic S-type stars peaks at 1.3-1.4M_{sun}_ depending on model assumptions. There also appear to be stars with initial masses down to 1 solar mass, which is in conflict with current detailed stellar models. Additionally, we find that though the mass estimates for semiregular variable stars pulsating in higher order radial modes are precise, the Mira variables pulsating in the fundamental mode present challenges observationally from uncertain parallax distances, and theoretically from the onset of increased mass-loss and the necessity of non-linear pulsation models.2025PASA...42..161Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/other/PASA/42.161CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/PASA/42.161https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/PASA/42.161http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/PASA/42.161https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/PASA/42.161https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/PASA/42.161http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/PASA/42.161GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/other/PASA/42.161/intsamp (Full initial intrinsic S star from literature)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/PASA/42.161/intsamp?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/PASA/42.161/intsamp?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/PASA/42.161/intsamp?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true108.7170169468.804321110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/other/PASA/42.161/permass (Final results of periods, luminosities and masses)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/PASA/42.161/permass?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/PASA/42.161/permass?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/PASA/42.161/permass?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true108.7169569609968.804266530890020.0055555555555555566/1064 1195 1345 1350 1447 1660 1771 1808 1820 1922 1929 2056 2305 2335 2431 2500 2549 2578 2694 2743 2773 2787 2795 2858 2888 3012 3062 3153 3181 3236 3275 3432 3607 3620 3630 3648 3686 3720 3723 3733 3746 3759 3801 3953 3985 4663 4798 4972 6257 6271 6312 6451 6699 6707 6845 6919 7073 7103 7105 7881 8475 9258 9589 9968 10039 10570 11227 12857 12875 12882 12970 12973 12986 13038 13205 13218 13240 13500 13676 13711 13742 13804 13971 14040 14042 14048 14059 14175 14217 14224 14278 14289 14310 14312 14325 14331 14343 14347-14349 14353 14394 14406 14425 14429 14434 14443 14456-14457 14468 14599 14608 14611 14620 14623 14636 14643 14659 14673 14680 14705 14757 14769 14843 15170 15232 15360 15369 15375 15392 15396 15399 15430 15442 15448-15449 15526 15598 15676 15680 15740 15746 15877 15955 15979 16132 16274 16783 17178 17192 19232 19427 20102 20271-20272 20636 20744 20753 20768 20797 20833 20886 20940 20945 20947 20955 21310 21317 21321 21413 21467 21483 21542 21545 21561 21564 21580 21601 21631 21663 21698 21718 21794 21807 21897 22099 22110 22117 22173 22204 22218 22304 22346 22415 22448 22497 22806 22809 22900 22982 23006 23381 23423 23597 23599 23729 23745 23789 23910 23932 24030 24051 24074 24108 24152 24365 24417-24418 24497 24511 24513 24527 24538 24554 24605 24843 25798 28691 28711 28740 28822 28829 28843 28846 28878 28882 28888 28890 28951 29012 29019 29045 29075 29116 29145 29162 29206 29208 29233 29401 29421 29440 29460 29490 29500-29501 29524 29529 29539 29614 29636 29665 29767 29832 29877 29897 30011 30119 30183 30185 30244 30246 30283 30302 30304 30349 30404 30421 30457 30488 30496 30526 30564 30596 30641 30649 30680 30682 30712 30717 31876 32093 32135 32209 32384 33098 33739 36910 37023 37183 37197 37210 37216 37245 37249 37287 37300 37302 37327-37328 37334 37336 37338 37341 37348-37349 37357 37374 37465 37479 37484 37606 37690 37722 37755 37813 37817 37835 37871-37872 37893 37903 37909 37921 37924-37926 37928 37931 37947 37952 37958 37960 37986 38012 38016 38023 38027 38035 38044 38047 38067 38080 38126 38185 38413 38429 38445 38450 38472 38507 38571 38679 38802 39161 39230 39258 39262 39284 39289 39295 39303 39313 39315 39358 39382 39385 39398 39414 39416 39422 39483 39599 39625 39695 39729 39742-39743 39756 39762 39764 39771 39780 39833 39865 39888-39889 39956 39966 40036 40046 40071 40093 40101 40106 40127 40162 40240 40364 40384 40450 40477 40548 40562 40611 40640 40960 41086 41343 41417 41422 41569 41590 41599 41625 41674 41676 41685 41690 41693 41704 41737 41763 41770 41777 41786 41791 41799-41801 41804 41809 41811 41833 41849 41903 41965 41999 42025 42118 42123 42130 42152 42173 42176 42205 42208-42209 42217-42218 42222 42225 42345 42382 42391 42393 42396 42401 42450 42467 42485 42563 42667 42850 42952 43016 43021 43024 43028 43048 43092 43100 43150 43181 43258 43618 44018 44102 45694 46037 46313 46318 47312 47414 47711 47807 47843 47846-47848 47861 47948 481258.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/other/PASA/42.161?format=asciidefaultJ/other/PASA/42.161/intsampFull initial intrinsic S star from literaturerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source ID (dr3_source_id)meta.idSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNameStar name (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharTc[y] Technetium (Tc) classification (Tc)meta.code.classcharGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source ID (dr2_source_id)meta.id2MASS2MASS designation (tmass_id)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension J2000 (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination J2000 (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitude (GLON)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (GLAT)degpos.galactic.latdoubler_TcReference for Tc classification (r_Tc) (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharr_iclassReference for intrinsic classification (r_iclass) (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharKsmagKs-band magnitude, 2MASS (Ksmag)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatJmagJ-band magnitude, 2MASS (Jmag)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_KsmagUncertainty of Ks-band magnitude, 2MASS (e_Ksmag)magstat.error;phot.magfloate_JmagUncertainty of J-band magnitude, 2MASS (e_Jmag)magstat.error;phot.magfloatRFGMean g-band flux over error, Gaia DR3 (phot_g_mean_flux_over_error)stat.fit.omcdoubleGmagMean g-band magnitude, Gaia DR3 (phot_g_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.optdoubleRFRMean RP flux over error, Gaia DR3 (phot_rp_mean_flux_over_error)stat.fit.omcdoubleRPmagMean RP magnitude, Gaia DR3 (phot_rp_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.opt.RdoubleRFBMean BP flux over error, Gaia DR3 (phot_bp_mean_flux_over_error)stat.fit.omcdoubleBPmagMean BP magnitude, Gaia DR3 (phot_bp_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleBP-RPMean BP-RP colour, Gaia DR3 (bp_rp)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoubleplxParallax, Gaia DR3 (plx)pos.parallax.trigdoublee_plxUncertainty of parallax, Gaia DR3 (e_plx)stat.error;pos.parallaxdoubleruweRUWE, Gaia DR3 (ruwe)stat.errordoubledrgeoMedian geometric distance (d_med_geo) (2)pcpos.distancedoubleb_drgeo16th percentile of geometric distance posterior (d_lo_geo) (2)pcpos.distancedoubleB_drgeo84th percentile of geometric distance posterior (d_hi_geo) (2)pcpos.distancedoubledrpgeo? Median photogeometric distance (d_med_photogeo) (2)pcpos.distancedoublenullableb_drpgeo? 16th percentile of photogeometric distance posterior (d_lo_photogeo) (2)pcpos.distancedoublenullableB_drpgeo? 84th percentile of photogeometric distance posterior (d_hi_photogeo) (2)pcpos.distancedoublenullableJ/other/PASA/42.161/permassFinal results of periods, luminosities and massesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMass? Mean initial mass estimate (mass_mean)solMassphys.mass;stat.meandoublenullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNameStar name (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension J2000 (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination J2000 (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source ID (gdr3_id)meta.idGaiaDR2? Gaia DR2 source ID (gdr2_id)meta.idnullable2MASS2MASS designation (tmass_id)meta.idcharSpTypeSSpectral type from SIMBAD (SpType_simbad)src.spTypecharTcTc classification (Tc)meta.code.classcharmeddeltaRP? Median of the pseudo-wavelength peak separation in Gaia DR3 RP spectra (median_delta_wl_rp) (1)pos.angDistancefloatnullableSpTypesimpSimplified SIMBAD spectral type (SpType_simple)src.spTypecharASAS-SNASAS-SN catalogue designation (asas_sn_id) (2)meta.idVTypeAprob? Probability of ASAS-SN ML variable type (vartype_asassn_prob) (2)stat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablegAmpA? g-band amplitude, ASAS-SN (g_amplitude_asassn) (2)magsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullablePerA? Period from ASAS-SN g-band catalogue (period_asassn) (2)dtime.periodfloatnullableAVExtinction in V-band (Av) (4)magphys.absorptiondoublee_AVUncertainty of extinction in V-band (e_Av) (4)magstat.errordoubleLK10Luminosity using K10 (lsun_k10) (5)solLumphys.luminositydoublee_LK10Uncertainty in luminosity, K10 (e_lsun_k10) (5)solLumstat.errordoubleLVLuminosity using VOSA (lsun_v) (6)solLumphys.luminosity;em.optdoublee_LVUncertainty in luminosity, VOSA (e_lsun_v) (6)solLumstat.errordoubleTeffVEffective temperature using VOSA (teff_v) (6)Kphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffVUncertainty in effective temperature, VOSA (e_teff_v) (6)Kstat.errordoublechi2VChi squared in SED fit, VOSA (chi2_v) (6)stat.fit.chi2;stat.fit.param;meta.modelleddoubleper0? Pulsation period, fundamental mode (period_0)dtime.periodfloatnullableper1? Pulsation period, first overtone mode (period_1)dtime.periodfloatnullableper2? Pulsation period, second overtone mode (period_2)dtime.periodfloatnullableperLSP? Long secondary period (period_lsp)dtime.periodfloatnullableperVSX? Period from the International Variable Star Index (VSX) (period_vsx)dtime.periodfloatnullableabsWJKAbsolute NIR Wesenheit index, W_JK (abswjk)magphot.color.reddFreedoublee_absWJKLower uncertainty on absolute W_JK (abswjk_lo_e)magstat.errordoubleE_absWJKUpper uncertainty on absolute W_JK (abswjk_hi_e)magstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Mass? Lower mean initial mass estimate (mass_lo)solMassstat.error;phys.massdoublenullableE_Mass? Upper mean initial mass estimate (mass_hi)solMassstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableVTypeAMachine-learned variable type, ASAS-SN (vartype_asassn) (2) (3)meta.code;src.varchar