J/other/NatAs/5.ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/NatAs/5.640doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/dt/fkgeaCDSMontalban J.Mackereth J.T.Miglio A.Vincenzo F.Chiappini C.,Buldgen G.Mosser B.Noels A.Scuflaire R.Vrard M.Willett E.,Davies G.R.Hall O.J.Nielsen M.B.Khan S.Rendle B.M.,Van Rossem W.E.Ferguson J.W.Chaplin W.J.2026-03-04T20:03:15Z2023-08-30T17:06:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyvariable-starsasteroseismologyeffective-temperaturestellar-massesstellar-agesThe standard cosmological model predicts that galaxies are built through hierarchical assembly on cosmological timescales. The Milky Way, like other disk galaxies, underwent violent mergers and accretion of small satellite galaxies in its early history. Owing to Gaia Data Release 2 and spectroscopic surveys, the stellar remnants of such mergers have been identified. The chronological dating of such events is crucial to uncover the formation and evolution of the Galaxy at high redshift, but it has so far been challenging due to difficulties in obtaining precise ages for these oldest stars. Here we combine asteroseismology the study of stellar oscillations with kinematics and chemical abundances to estimate precise stellar ages (~11%) for a sample of stars observed by the Kepler space mission. Crucially, this sample includes not only some of the oldest stars that were formed inside the Galaxy but also stars formed externally and subsequently accreted onto the Milky Way. Leveraging this resolution in age, we provide compelling evidence in favour of models in which the Galaxy had already formed a substantial population of its stars (which now reside mainly in its thick disk) before the infall of the satellite galaxy Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage around 10 billion years ago.2021NatAs...5..640Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/other/NatAs/5.640CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/NatAs/5.640https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/NatAs/5.640http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/NatAs/5.640https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/NatAs/5.640https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/NatAs/5.640http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/NatAs/5.640GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/other/NatAs/5.640/tables1 (Stellar parameters for the final sample of 95 targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/5.640/tables1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/5.640/tables1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/5.640/tables1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.5705837.76466280.0055555555555555565/3740 6/14582 14584 14731 14733 14735 14746 14754 14756 14770 14775 14780 14782 14818 14824-14825 14827-14828 14918 14921 14923 14926 14930-14933 14942 14945 14948 14954-14955 14967 14969 14971 14973 15040-15041 15044 15060-15062 15105 15107 15112-15113 15116 15121-15122 15129-15130 15132-15133 15135 15139-15140 15143 15146-15147 15149-15150 15154-15155 15158 15168 15170-15171https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/other/NatAs/5.640?format=asciidefaultJ/other/NatAs/5.640/tables1Stellar parameters for the final sample of 95 targetsMassMasssolMassphys.massfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKIC identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintGroupSelection groupmeta.idcharNmodesNumber of radial modes detectedmeta.numberintnumaxMaximun frequency valueuHzem.freqfloate_numaxMaximun frequency value erroruHzstat.errorfloatdeltanuLarge frequency separation from linear fitting of individual frequenciesuHzem.freq;src.varfloatTeffEffective temperature from APOGEE-DR14Kphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffEffective temperature errorKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveint[Fe/H]Metallicity from APOGEE-DR14phys.abund.Zfloat[alpha/Fe]Abundance of alpha-elements from APOGEE-DR14phys.abundfloateccOrbital eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatMass1616th percentile of MasssolMassphys.massfloatMass6464th percentile of MasssolMassphys.massfloatRad1616th percentile of RadiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatRadRadiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatRad6464th percentile of RadiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatAge1616th percentile of AgeGyrtime.agefloatAgeAgeGyrtime.agefloatAge6464th percentile of AgeGyrtime.agefloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main