J/other/NatAs/3.ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/NatAs/3.760doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/dt/dkhgaCDSBowman D.M.Burssens S.Pedersen M.G.Johnston C.Aerts C.,Buysschaert B.Michielsen M.Tkachenko A.Rogers T.M.Edelmann P.V.F.,Ratnasingam R.P.Simon-Diaz S.Castro N.Moravveji E.Pope B.J.S.,White T.R.De Cat P.2026-03-04T20:03:06Z2023-08-30T16:44:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupergiant-starsvariable-starsasteroseismologyvisible-astronomyAlmost all massive stars explode as supernovae and form a black hole or neutron star. The remnant mass and the impact of the chemical yield on subsequent star formation and galactic evolution strongly depend on the internal physics of the progenitor star, which is currently not well understood. The theoretical uncertainties of stellar interiors accumulate with stellar age, which is particularly pertinent for the blue supergiant phase. Stellar oscillations represent a unique method of probing stellar interiors, yet inference for blue supergiants is hampered by a dearth of observed pulsation modes. Here we report the detection of diverse variability in blue supergiants using the K2 and TESS space missions. The discovery of pulsation modes or an entire spectrum of low-frequency gravity waves in these stars allow us to map the evolution of hot massive stars towards the ends of their lives. Future asteroseismic modelling will provide constraints on ages, core masses, interior mixing, rotation and angular momentum transport. The discovery of variability in blue supergiants is a step towards a data-driven empirical calibration of theoretical evolution models for the most massive stars in the Universe.2019NatAs...3..760Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/other/NatAs/3.760CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/NatAs/3.760https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/NatAs/3.760http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/NatAs/3.760https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/NatAs/3.760https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/NatAs/3.760http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/NatAs/3.760GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled13 (Parameters (table D1) and fit parameters (table D3) of 114 OB stars observed by the K2 space mission)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled13?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled13?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled13?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true268.72518-24.88709610.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled24 (Parameters (table D2) and fit parameters (table D4) of 53 OB stars in the LMC observed by the TESS space mission)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled24?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled24?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled24?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true73.0795872-66.73147920.0055555555555555566/17312 23939 23946 23977 23980-23982 23984 23996 23998 24230 24325 24338 28796 28825 28827 28838 28845 28849 28851 28875 28882 28886 28888-28890 28896-28897 28899-28900 28903 29088 29091-29092 29094-29095 29097-29098 29100 29102 29105-29107 29110 29112-29113 29115 29192 29209 29212-29214 29248 29253 29282-29283 29291 29295 29304 29306 29318 29340 29378 29457 30723 33049 33053 33055 33076 33079 33091 33094-33095 33097-33098 33100 33102 33112 33115 33120-33121 33123 33126 42846 42859-42861 42865 42877 42933 42947 42954 42965 42967 42980 44319https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/other/NatAs/3.760?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled13Parameters (table D1) and fit parameters (table D3) of 114 OB stars observed by the K2 space missionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameEPIC (tabled1) or TESS (tabled2) (1)meta.id;meta.mainlongGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source_id (some erroneous numbers)meta.idSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharBP-RPGaia Bp-RP colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatGMAGAbsolute Gaia G magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatVClassVariability classmeta.code.class;src.varcharVClassLLiterature Variability classmeta.code.class;src.varcharalpha0? Amplitude at a frequency of zerosrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_alpha0? Amplitude at a frequency of zero errorstat.errorfloatnullablenu-char? Characteristic frequencyem.freqdoublenullablee_nu-char? Characteristic frequency errorstat.errordoublenullablegamma? logarithmic amplitude gradientarith.graddoublenullablee_gamma? logarithmic amplitude gradient errorstat.errordoublenullableCFrequency-independent noise termstat.fit.paramfloate_CFrequency-independent noise term errorstat.errorfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/other/NatAs/3.760/tabled24Parameters (table D2) and fit parameters (table D4) of 53 OB stars in the LMC observed by the TESS space missionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameEPIC (tabled1) or TESS (tabled2) (1)meta.id;meta.mainlongGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source_id (some erroneous numbers)meta.idSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharBP-RPGaia Bp-RP colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatGMAGAbsolute Gaia G magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatVClassVariability classmeta.code.class;src.varcharVClassLLiterature Variability classmeta.code.class;src.varcharalpha0? Amplitude at a frequency of zerosrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_alpha0? Amplitude at a frequency of zero errorstat.errorfloatnullablenu-char? Characteristic frequencyem.freqdoublenullablee_nu-char? Characteristic frequency errorstat.errordoublenullablegamma? logarithmic amplitude gradientarith.graddoublenullablee_gamma? logarithmic amplitude gradient errorstat.errordoublenullableCFrequency-independent noise termstat.fit.paramfloate_CFrequency-independent noise term errorstat.errorfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable