J/other/Nat/631.ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/Nat/631.49CDSSwiggum C.Alves J.Benjamin R.Ratzenbock S.Miret-Roig N.,Grossschedl J.Meingast S.Goodman A.Konietzka R.Zucker C.,Hunt E.L.Reffert S.2026-08-31T14:40:18Z2025-03-20T14:16:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyopen-star-clustersvisible-astronomygalaxy-classification-systemsEfforts to unveil the structure of the local interstellar medium and its recent star-formation history have spanned the past 70 years. Recent studies using precise data from space astrometry missions have revealed nearby, newly formed star clusters with connected origins. Nonetheless, mapping young clusters across the entire sky back to their natal regions has been hindered by a lack of clusters with precise radial-velocity data. Here we show that 155 out of 272 (57%) high-quality young clusters within 1 kiloparsec of the Sun arise from three distinct spatial volumes. This conclusion is based on the analysis of data from the third Gaia release and other large-scale spectroscopic surveys. At present, dispersed throughout the solar neighbourhood, their past positions more than 30 million years ago reveal that these families of clusters each formed in one of three compact, massive star-forming complexes. One of these families includes all of the young clusters near the Sun - the Taurus and Scorpius-Centaurus star-forming complexes. We estimate that more than 200 supernovae were produced from these families and argue that these clustered supernovae produced both the Local Bubble18 and the largest nearby supershell GSH 238+00+09, both of which are clearly visible in modern three-dimensional dust maps.2024Natur.631...49Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/other/Nat/631.49CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN {Sigma} algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)J/A+A/673/A114 : Improving the open cluster census. II. (Hunt+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/Nat/631.49https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/Nat/631.49http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/Nat/631.49https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/Nat/631.49https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/Nat/631.49http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/Nat/631.49GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/other/Nat/631.49/table (*Table of 272 clusters constructed and analysed in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/Nat/631.49/table?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/Nat/631.49/table?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/other/Nat/631.49/table?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true352.592164917874458.55341328644160.0055555555555555566/377 881 1031 1090 1114 1168 1199 1208 1560 2864 2872 3005 3136 3306 3317 3369 3384 3469 3689 3752 3768 3878 4013 9490 13018 13162 13266 13556 13559 13729 13744 13751 13915 13973 14015 14045 14094 14147 14175 14243 14266 14290 14307 14338 14390 14523 14559 14672 14695 14791 14812 14855 14878 15376 15408 15429 15432 15478 15561 15673 15681 15695 15768 15842 16074 16144 20336 20741 20745 20764-20765 20825-20826 20832 20858 20924 20939 20952 21080 21250 21267 21285 21422 21438 21450 21475 21643 21674 22035 22058 22164 22249 22585 22615 22809 22821 22829 22854 22857 22859-22860 22863 22880 22892-22893 22895 22993 23007 23030 23376 23457 23549 23573 23613 23637 23685 23717 23741 23763 23946 24123 24125 24191 24291 28233 28806 29208 29341 29445 29809 30112 30212 30247 30254 30359 30493 30717 31094 31756 31790 31865 31991 32123 32129 32188 32580 34046 34270 34536 36956 36963 37012 37145 37172 37182 37208 37231 37297 37316 37332 37531 37604 37624 37642 37659 37663 37676 37695 37698 37757 37790 37812 37818-37819 37863 37865-37867 37886 38018 38051 38073 38143 38536 38561 39006 39099 39107 39179 39181 39191 39201 39216 39232 39249 39251 39276 39279 39290 39297 39311-39312 39314 39330 39354-39355 39366 39375 39548 39608 39714 39723 39739 39762 39785 39832 39860 39865-39867 39871 39896 39907 39968 41507 41557 41644 41682 41776 41834 42024 42227 42415 42519 42611 42618 42656 42730 42983 42988 43002 43011 43142 43293 43402 43450 43529 44307 44360 44378 44389 47828https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/other/Nat/631.49?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/other/Nat/631.49/table*Table of 272 clusters constructed and analysed in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameMain accepted cluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharID? Internal cluster IDmeta.idfloatnullableAllNamesComma separated list of all crossmatched cluster namesmeta.idcharType[omg ] Type of object (o open cluster, m moving group, g: globular cluster)src.classcharCST? Astrometric SNR (cluster significance test) (1)stat.snrdoublenullableNNumber of member starsmeta.numberintCSTt? Astrometric SNR within tidal radius (1)stat.snrdoublenullableNt? Number of stars within tidal radiusmeta.numberfloatnullableRA_ICRS? Right ascension of densest point (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDE_ICRS? Declination of densest point (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableGLON? Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonnullableGLAT? Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoublenullabler50? Radius containing 50% of members within the tidal radiusdegphys.angSizedoublenullablerc? Core radius (approximate estimate)degphys.angSize;srcdoublenullablert? Tidal radius (approximate estimate)degphys.angSize;srcdoublenullablertot? Total radius (including tidal tails, coma, etc)degphys.angSizedoublenullabler50pc? Radius containing 50% of memberspcphys.size.radiusdoublenullabledist84? 84th percentile of maximum likelihood distancepcpos.distancedoublenullableNdist? Number of stars used for distance calculationmeta.numberfloatnullableX? X coordinate in galactocentric galactic coordinatespcpos.cartesian.x;pos.galactocentric;pos.galacticdoublenullableFamilyAssigned cluster familymeta.codecharAgeAge of clusterMyrtime.agedoubleRVcomb? Median cluster RV from gaia/apogee/galahkm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullableXhelioHeliocentric x positionpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.x;pos.heliocentricdoubleYhelioHeliocentric y positionpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.y;pos.heliocentricdoubleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decnullableindexedrcpc? Core radius in parsecspcphys.size.radiusdoublenullablertpc? Tidal radius in parsecspcphys.size.radiusdoublenullablertotpc? Total radius in parsecspcphys.size.radiusdoublenullablepmRA? Mean proper motion in right ascension multiplied by cos(dec)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullables_pmRA? Standard deviation of pmRAmas/yrstat.stdev;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablee_pmRA? Standard error of pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablepmDE? Mean proper motion in declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullables_pmDE? Standard deviation of pmDEmas/yrstat.stdev;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablee_pmDE? Standard error of pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablePlx? Mean parallaxmaspos.parallax;stat.meandoublenullables_Plx? Standard deviation of parallaxmasstat.stdev;pos.parallaxdoublenullablee_Plx? Standard error of parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublenullabledist16? 16th percentile of maximum likelihood distancepcpos.distancedoublenullabledist50? 50th percentile of maximum likelihood distancepcpos.distancedoublenullableY? Y coordinate in galactocentric galactic coordinatespcpos.cartesian.y;pos.galactic;pos.galactocentricdoublenullableZ? Z coordinate in galactocentric galactic coordinatespcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galactic;pos.galactocentricdoublenullableRV? Mean Gaia DR3 radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullables_RV? Standard deviation of radial velocitykm/sstat.stdev;spect.dopplerVelocdoublenullablee_RV? Standard error of radial velocitykm/sstat.errordoublenullablen_RV? Number of member stars with a radial velocitymeta.notefloatnullableCMDCl2.5[0/1]? 2.5th percentile of CMD classmeta.codedoublenullableCMDCl16[0/1]? 16th percentile of CMD classmeta.codedoublenullableCMDCl50[0/1]? 50th percentile of CMD classmeta.codedoublenullableCMDCl84[0/1]? 84th percentile of CMD classmeta.codedoublenullableCMDCl97.5[0/1]? 97.5th percentile of CMD classmeta.codedoublenullableCMDClHumanHuman-assigned CMD class (where available) (2)meta.codecharlogAge16? 16th percentile of logarithm of cluster agelog(yr)time.agedoublenullablelogAge50? 50th percentile of logarithm of cluster agelog(yr)time.agedoublenullablelogAge84? 84th percentile of logarithm of cluster agelog(yr)time.agedoublenullableAV16? 16th percentile of V-band cluster extinctionmagphys.absorptiondoublenullableAV50? 50th percentile of V-band cluster extinctionmagphys.absorptiondoublenullableAV84? 84th percentile of V-band cluster extinctionmagphys.absorptiondoublenullablediffAV16? 16th percentile of approximate V-band differential extinctionmagphys.absorption;arith.diffdoublenullablediffAV50? 50th percentile of approximate V-band differential extinctionmagphys.absorption;arith.diffdoublenullablediffAV84? 84th percentile of approximate V-band differential extinctionmagphys.absorption;arith.diffdoublenullableMOD16? 16th percentile of photometrically estimated distance modulusmagphot.mag.distModdoublenullableMOD50? 50th percentile of photometrically estimated distance modulusmagphot.mag.distModdoublenullableMOD84? 84th percentile of photometrically estimated distance modulusmagphot.mag.distModdoublenullableminClSize? HDBSCAN parameter used to construct cluster membership list (-1 for membership lists not made with HDBSCAN)meta.code.member;instr.setupfloatnullableisMergedFlag indicating manually merged cluster membership listmeta.codecharisGMMMembFlag indicating cluster membership list constructed using additional Gaussian mixture model post-processing stepmeta.codecharNXmatches? Number of unique crossmatches to this clustermeta.numberfloatnullableXmatchTypeType of crossmatch (3)meta.codechardataSourceIndicates original catalog sourcemeta.bibcharZhelioHeliocentric z positionpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.z;pos.heliocentricdoubleUHeliocentric U velocitykm/spos.cartesian.xdoubleVHeliocentric V velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.ydoubleWHeliocentric W velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zdoublee_XhelioError in x_heliopcstat.errordoublee_YhelioError in y_heliopcstat.errordoublee_ZhelioError in z_heliopcstat.errordoublee_UError in Ukm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.xdoublee_VError in Vkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.ydoublee_WError in Wkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.zdoublenRVcomb? number of RVsmeta.numberfloatnullableMass16? 16th percentile cluster mass estimatesolMassphys.massdoublenullableMass50? 50th percentile cluster mass estimatesolMassphys.massdoublenullableMass84? 84th percentile cluster mass estimatesolMassphys.massdoublenullablenSNe16? 16th percentile number of SNemeta.numberfloatnullablenSNe50? 50th percentile number of SNemeta.numberfloatnullablenSNe84? 84th percentile number of SNemeta.numberfloatnullablensg8M16? 16th percentile number of stars greater than 8Msunmeta.numberfloatnullablensg8M50? 50th percentile number of stars greater than 8Msunmeta.numberfloatnullablensg8M84? 84th percentile number of stars greater than 8Msunmeta.numberfloatnullableWeightscAverage weight score assigned to clusterstat.weightdoubleNameBothNames of clusters; separated by a / if two names are givenmeta.idcharglobalPlxFlag indicating clusters for which a star-by-star parallax offset correction was not possible during distance calculationmeta.codechar