J/other/AstBu/78ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/AstBu/78.464doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/dv/hikegeCDSVlasyuk V.Sotnikova Yu.Volvach A.Spiridonova O.Stolyarov V.,Mikhailov A.Kovalev Yu.A.Kovalev Yu.Yu.Khabibullina M.,Kharinov M.Yang L.Mingaliev M.Semenova T.Zhekanis P.Mufakharov T.,Udovitskiy R.Kudryashova A.Volvach L.Erkenov A.Moskvitin A.,Emelianov E.Fatkhullin T.Tsybulev P.Nizhelsky N.Zhekanis G.,Kravchenko E.2026-03-17T20:08:01Z2024-11-04T09:13:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsactive-galactic-nucleiphotometryradio-continuum-emissionvisible-astronomyWe present an optical-to-radio study of the BL Lac object S4 0954+658 observations during 1998-2023. The measurements were obtained with the SAO RAS Zeiss-1000 1-m and AS-500/2 0.5-m telescopes in 2003-2023, with the RATAN-600 radio telescope at 1.25 (0.96, 1.1), 2.3, 4.7 (3.7, 3.9), 8.2 (7.7), 11.2, 22.3 (21.7) GHz in 1998-2023, with the IAA RAS RT-32 Zelenchukskaya and Badary telescopes at 5.05 and 8.63GHz in 2020-2023, and with the RT-22 single-dish telescope of CrAO RAS at 36.8GHz in 2009-2023. In this period the blazar had been showing extremely high broadband activity with the variability amplitude of flux densities up to 70-100% both in the optical and radio domains. In the period of 2014-2023 the blazar had been showing the historically highest activity in the radio wavelengths, and we detected multiple radio flares of varying amplitude and duration. The large flares last on average from 0.3 to 1 year at 22-36.8GHz and slightly longer at 5-11.2GHz. The optical flares are shorter and last 7-50 days. In the most active epoch of 2018-2023 the characteristic time scale {tau} of variation at 5-22GHz is about 100 days and about 1000 days for the state with lower activity in 2009-2014. We found a general correlation between the optical, radio, and gamma-ray flux variations, which suggests that we observe the same photon population from different emission regions. We estimated linear size of this region as 0.5-2pc for different epochs. A broadband two components radio spectrum of S4 0954+658 jet was modelled by using both electrons and protons as emitting particles. It is shown that the synchrotron radio waves in this AGN may be generated by relativistic protons.2023AstBu..78..464Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/other/AstBu/78.464CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/AJ/148/42 : S4 0954+658 outburst in 2011 March-April (Morozova+, 2014)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/AstBu/78.464https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/AstBu/78.464http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/other/AstBu/78.464https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/AstBu/78.464https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/AstBu/78.464http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/other/AstBu/78.464GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap1.5239959695752804e-24 2.4383935513204486e-23OpticalRadiodefaultJ/other/AstBu/78.464/table2S4 0954+658 optical R-band flux densitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJDObserving epoch in modified Julian datedtime.epochintDateObserving date in a format YYYY-MM-DDtime.epochnullableNobsNumber of observationsmeta.numberintSRFlux density at R-bandmJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Rfloate_SRMean error of the flux density at R-bandmJystat.errorfloatJ/other/AstBu/78.464/table4S4 0954+658 radio band flux densities at 1-22 GHzS22? Flux density at 22.3GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatnullablee_S22? Mean error of the flux density at 22.3GHzJystat.errorfloatnullableS11? Flux density at 11.2GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_S11? Mean error of the flux density at 11.2GHzJystat.errorfloatnullableS8? Flux density at 8GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_S8? Mean error of the flux density at 8GHzJystat.errorfloatnullableS5? Flux density at 4.7GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablee_S5? Mean error of the flux density at 4.7GHzJystat.errorfloatnullableS2? Flux density at 2.3GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloatnullablee_S2? Mean error of the flux density at 2.3GHzJystat.errorfloatnullableInstObserving telescope (RATAN-600 or RT-32)meta.id;instrcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJDObserving epoch in modified Julian datedtime.epochintDateObserving date in a format YYYY-MM-DDtime.epochnullableJ/other/AstBu/78.464/table5S4 0954+658 radio band flux densities at 37 GHzrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJDObserving epoch in modified Julian datedtime.epochintDateObserving date in a format YYYY-MM-DDtime.epochnullableS37Flux density at 36.8GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S37Mean error of the flux density at 36.8GHzJystat.errorfloat