J/MNRAS/549/G838ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/549/G838doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-h5/ridiCDSGonzalez-Payo J.Caballero J.A.Cifuentes C.Cortes-Contreras M.Rica F.2026-08-03T15:44:14Z2026-05-21T16:12:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsvisible-astronomyThe study of stellar multiplicity offers important constraints on the structure of the Galaxy as well as stellar and planet formation and evolution. Focusing on the most immediate solar neighbourhood benefits from obtaining both complete and accurate data for reliable statistics. Our goal is to describe the solar neighbourhood within 10pc in terms of multiplicity by evaluating the angular and physical separations, masses, and orbital periods of the systems from the most complete volume-limited sample. We carried out a comprehensive data compilation from the Washington Double Star catalogue and the literature of all known multiple systems at any separation range, and completed this information with a common proper motion and parallax search with Gaia DR3 data. We also used public astrometric and radial-velocity data to compute orbital solutions of seven pairs. From a sample of 424 stars and brown dwarfs within 10pc we identified 215 of them in 92 systems in double (68), triple (19), quadruple (3), and quintuple (2) configurations. All except eight pairs have been resolved. Their orbital periods range over ten orders of magnitude from about one day to millions of years. We measured precise mass and companion star fractions at different mass intervals. The multiplicity fraction smoothly decreases from 41^+11^_-10_ per cent for stars with M>=0.50M_{sun}_ to 9.3^+7.4^_-4.3_ per cent for stars and brown dwarfs with M<=0.10M_{sun}_2026MNRAS.549ag838Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/549/G838CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G838https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G838http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G838https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G838https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G838http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G838GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec1 (Stars and brown dwarfs at d < 10pc)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.5446667-43.16538890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec2 (Individual components in all multiple systems at d < 10 pc)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.8712917-16.13377780.0055555555555555566/10 22 131 137 250 309 527 546 684 725 811 1307 1938 2737 2923 3005 3020 3345 3406 3715 3751 3791 3946 4158 4444 4462 4693 4867 4948 5000 5024-5025 5333 5377 5420 5534 5590 5669 5853 6039 6133 6552 6672 6726 6783 6894 6974 7103 7264 7395 7447 7512 8023 8123 8281 8440 8519 8719 8790 9009 9339 9585 9629 9696 10027 10037 10149 10375 10448 10899 11034 11292 11435 11496 11636 11645 11834 11940 12045 12262 12427 12454 12519 12679 12865 13301 13446 13451 13688 13709 13743 13875 13885 14127 14266 14278 14351 14515 14638 14772 14858 14906 15311 15346 15355 15548 15602 15651 15960 16041 16069 16105 16391 16502 16697 16754 16758 16827 17028 17058 17348 17425 18017 18139 18156 18268 18281 18440 18450 18496 18556 18666 18761 19466-19467 19857 19910 20071 20100 20459 20468 20507 20896 20940 21060 21136 21149 21151 21479 21660 21729 21925 21953 22014 22040 22148 22289 22300 22309 22325 22521 22638 22645 22681 22708-22709 22739 22807 22818 23047 23184 23230 23369 23471 23530 23564 23591 23723 23735 23867 23910 23997 24151 24227 24345 24362 24616 24708 24713 24924 25009 25100 26279 26327 26386 26487 26538 26560 26564 26583 26699 26972 27201 27289 27392 27459 27462 27731 27762 28040 28343 28548 28605 28646 28664 28955 29196 29458 29467 29539 29684 30455 30488 30505 30543 30771 30833 30965 31019 31062 31087 31747 31751 31781 31871 32115 32229 32335 32580 32586 32641 32645 32652 33166 33257 33281 33384 33425 33533 33616 33655 33767 33851 33964 34181 34446 34448 34535 34747 34817 34896 35247 35490 35670 35902 36511 36526 36614 36693 36697 36736 36922 36971 37041 37122 37257 37377 37379 37473 37502 37890 38039 38145 38238 38322 38345 38456 38551 38928 39331 39499 39683 39835 40070 40228 40250 40430 40496 40505 40623 40801 40882 40905 40941 41276 41591 41763 41811 42054 42255 42285 42290 42314 42459 42528 42652 42784 43187 43411 43413 43580 43598 43723 44226 44270 44284 44286 44338 44437 44807 44921 44937 45276 45322 45485 45564 45669 45752 46444 46566 46632 46718 46776 46925 46939 47061 47347 47414 47453 47589 48124 48173 48263 48274 48652 48906 489851.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/549/G838?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec1Stars and brown dwarfs at d < 10pcrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the star as registered in Simbadmeta.id;meta.maincharGJGliese-Jahreiss identifier when available (G1)meta.idcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAProper motion in right ascension directionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declination directionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubledHeliocentric distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatJ/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec2Individual components in all multiple systems at d < 10 pcSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintWDSWashington Double Star Id (1)meta.idcharNameName of the star as registered in Simbadmeta.id;meta.maincharANameOnly for stars with bright, variable, historical, or widely accepted denominationsmeta.idcharGJGliese-Jahreiss identifier when available (G1)meta.idcharCompComponent letter used by WDS or MCS (2)meta.code.multipcharRAJ2000? Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullabled? Heliocentric distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableSpTypeSpectral type (Colons indicate estimated spectral type)src.spTypecharl_GmagLimit flag on Gmagmeta.code.errorcharGmag? Gaia G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullablen_Gmag[:] Colons stand for G-band magnitudes estimated from previously-published magnitude differences in other optical and near-infrared bandsmeta.notecharl_MassLimit flag on Massmeta.code.error;phys.masscharMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_MassStandard error of the masssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatr_MassBibliographic reference of the massmeta.refcharPlanetsReported planets candidates (3)meta.code.multipcharl_rbemLimit flag on rbem (|U*_g_|)meta.code.errorcharrbem? Reduced binding energy modulus (|U*_g_| in 10^33^J, usually measured between the widest component and the rest of the components in the system1e+33Jphys.energydoublenullableSystemDiagram sketch of the system image name (4)meta.id;meta.filecharJ/MNRAS/549/G838/tablec3Pairs in all multiple systems at d < 10pcr_thetaBibliographic reference for theta and rhometa.ref;pos.framecharOriOriginal measurement (2)meta.notecharx_PerOrbital period units (d: days, a: years, ka: thousand years, Ma: million years)meta.unitcharn_Grade< when improved with respect to ORB6meta.notecharr_alphaBibliographic reference for alpha, a, or Pmeta.refcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinttheta? Position angle (measured from North to East, empty when rho < 1 arcsec)degpos.posAngfloatnullableDetDetection method of the system (1)meta.notecharrho? Angular separation from primary to companionarcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullablee_rho? Standard error of the angular separationarcsecstat.errordoublenullableSep? Projected physical separationaupos.angDistancedoublenullablealpha? Angular semi-major axis of the orbitarcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisdoublenullablee_alpha? Lower error of the angular semi-major axis of the orbitarcsecstat.error;pos.eq.radoublenullableE_alpha? Upper error of the spatial semi-major axis of the orbitarcsecstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablea? Spatial semi-major axis of the orbitauphys.angSize.smajAxisdoublenullablee_a? Lower error of the spatial semi-major axis of the orbitaustat.errordoublenullableE_a? Upper error of the spatial semi-major axis of the orbitaustat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablePerOrbital periodmeta.notedoublee_PerLower error of the orbital periodstat.errordoubleE_PerUpper error of the orbital periodstat.error;stat.maxdoubleGrade? Orbital grade from the Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars (ORB6) of the WDS which estimates the quality of period measurement (blank when not provided)meta.code.qualfloatnullableWDSWashington Double Star Id. When the WDS identifier is missing, the common system name is shown in parenthesesmeta.id;meta.maincharDiscWDS discoverer codobs.observercharPrimCompLetter of 'primary' component used by WDS or MCS (in square brackets, component not identified by any of these catalogues)meta.code.multipcharSecCompLetter of 'secondary' component used by WDS or MCS (in square brackets, component not identified by any of these catalogues)meta.code.multipchar