J/MNRAS/549/G782ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/549/G782CDSGraham A.W.2026-06-15T07:06:51Z2026-06-15T08:05:07ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesblack-holesgalaxy-classification-systemsstellar-massesThe 'Triangal' galaxy evolution schema is used to assess whether the Tuning Fork (bar strength) or the van den Bergh Trident and ATLAS Comb (spiral strength) offer greater evolutionary insight. A new catalogue of quantitative bar strengths (measured by the bar-to-total luminosity ratio, P), refined galaxy morphologies, and dust bin classifications is presented. It contains 137 galaxies with spheroid stellar masses, obtained from multicomponent decompositions, and directly measured black hole masses, M_bb_. By placing these galaxies within the M_bb_-(M_*,sph_, M_*,gal_) parameter space, an evolutionary reference frame reflecting integrated growth is established. Galaxies with varying bar strengths, and double bars, are observed to not occupy preferred locations, highlighting that bars are products of secular evolution - and can be transient or recurrent phenomena - and that they track neither hierarchical mass assembly nor galaxy speciation. In contrast, three physically distinct formation channels for S0/a galaxies are identified: (primeval S0)-to-S transitions; faded spiral galaxies; and, most commonly, wet-major-merger-built dust-rich S0 galaxies (on the 'green mountain'). Galaxies with particularly strong spirals appear on the right-hand side of the spiral galaxy distribution. Furthermore, a 'Dust Attrition/Retention' sequence places S0 (and compact massive ES,b) galaxies with dusty nuclear discs between the dust-poor and dust-rich S0 galaxies, and a 'Disc Down-sizing' sequence is revealed, in which E galaxies with dusty nuclear discs - potentially formed through 'damp' mergers - bridge the ES,e (ellicular) galaxies with intermediate-scale stellar discs and the dust-poor pure E galaxies. Extensive historical context is provided, and, finally, suspected biases in precision cosmology stemming from neglected precision galaxy morphology are discussed.2026MNRAS.549g.782Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/549/G782CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G782https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G782http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G782https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G782https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G782http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/549/G782GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/549/G782/table1 (Galaxy parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G782/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G782/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G782/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true213.291275-65.33901940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/549/G782/table2 (Parameters for additional galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G782/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G782/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/549/G782/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true210.4243447-11.60690140.0055555555555555565/6941 6/1049 1701 2282 2374 2709 4439 5075 5182 5196 5200 5429 5599 5975 7037 7132 7355 7424 7606 7941 7997 8195-8196 8230 9287 9368 9672 10379 10856 10912 10977 12025 12241 13128 13336 13401 14744 16655 17612 17754 17904 18016 18269 18325 18929 18935 20282 20809 22746 23171 23306 24733 24920 25083 25100 25647 25669 25768 26055 26113 26125 26303 26362 26393 26542 26803 27079 27186 27342 27486 27512 27515 27604 27712-27714 27719 27728 27734-27735 27743 27773 27907 27913 27936 27938 27944-27945 28015 28038 28167 28200 28221 28251 28535 30027 33920 33958 34493 34531 34535 34540 35691 35993 36107 36231 36247 36261 36861 38356 38693 38703 38868 40156 40294 41586 43222 43233 43262 43289 43503 43619 43809 43828 43891 46036 46399 46568 47397https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/549/G782?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/549/G782/table1Galaxy parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy Identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharTypeMorphological type (1)src.morph.typecharDust[YynN] Dust bin (2)meta.codecharDistLuminosity distanceMpcpos.distancefloatlogMbhLogarithm of the black hole masslog(solMass)phys.massfloate_logMbhUncertainty in logMbhlog(solMass)stat.errorfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablelogMsph? Logarithm of the spheroid stellar mass (3)log(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablee_logMsph? Uncertainty in logMsphlog(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullablelogMgalLogarithm of the galaxy stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloate_logMgalUncertainty in logMgallog(solMass)stat.errorfloatB/TBulge-to-Total stellar mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloatBar/Tot? Bar-to-Total stellar mass ratio (P)phys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/MNRAS/549/G782/table2Parameters for additional galaxiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy Identifier (2)meta.id;meta.maincharTypeMorphological typesrc.morph.typecharDust[YynN] Dust binmeta.codecharDistLuminosity distanceMpcpos.distancedoublelogMbhLogarithm of the black hole masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatE_logMbhUpper uncertainty on logMbhlog(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logMbh[] Lower uncertainty on logMbhlog(solMass)stat.errorfloatKsmag? 2MASS Ks-band absolute magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableM/L? Ks-band stellar mass-to-light ratiophys.composition.massLightRatiofloatnullablelogMgalLogarithm of the galaxy stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatE_logMgalUpper uncertainty on logMgal (fixed 0.15)log(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logMgal[] Lower uncertainty on logMgal (fixed -0.15)log(solMass)stat.errorfloatB/TBulge-to-total stellar mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloatPBar-to-total stellar mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloatlogMsph? Logarithm of the spheroid stellar mass (1)log(solMass)phys.massfloatnullableE_logMsph? Upper uncertainty on logMsph (fixed 0.20)log(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_logMsph[]? Lower uncertainty on logMsph (fixed -0.20)log(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable