J/MNRAS/544/4014ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/544/4014CDSZhou J.W.Dib S.2026-08-19T19:40:45Z2026-08-13T10:11:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmolecular-cloudsstellar-distancevisible-astronomyWe used CO (2-1) and CO (1-0) data cubes to identify molecular clouds and study their kinematics and dynamics in three nearby galaxies and the inner Milky Way. When observed at similar spatial and velocity resolutions, molecular clouds in the same mass range across these galaxies show broadly comparable physical properties and similar star formation rates (SFRs). However, this comparability depends on smoothing Milky Way clouds to match the resolution of the extragalactic observations. The beam effect can artificially inflate cloud sizes, leading to inaccurate estimates of radius, density, and virial parameters. By comparing high-resolution and smoothed Milky Way data, we established criteria to exclude beam-affected clouds in the extragalactic sample. After applying this filter, cloud properties remain consistent across galaxies, though some clouds in NGC 5236 show elevated velocity dispersions, likely due to environmental effects. In the inner Milky Way, molecular clouds fall into two groups: those with clumps and those without. Clump-associated clouds are more massive, denser, have higher velocity dispersions, lower virial parameters, and stronger 8um emission, suggesting more intense feedback. Strong correlations are found between cloud mass and total clump mass, clump number, and the mass of the most massive clump. These results suggest that a cloud's physical conditions regulate its internal clump properties and, in turn, its star-forming potential.2025MNRAS.544.4014Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/544/4014CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/544/4014https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/544/4014http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/544/4014https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/544/4014https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/544/4014http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/544/4014GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/544/4014/with (Clouds with distance)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/4014/with?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/4014/with?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/4014/with?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true261.6282169289-34.09701826850.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/544/4014/without (Clouds without distance)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/4014/without?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/4014/without?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/4014/without?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true277.1559307212-10.95823040420.0055555555555555565/7202-7203 7206 7278 7376-7377 7383 7564 7578-7579 7605 7651 7654 7672 10414 10419-10420 10444 10450-10451 10453 10553 10595 10599 10624 6/28803 28806-28807 28830 29090-29091 29094-29097 29100-29101 29103 29118-29119 29162 29461 29463 29517 29522-29523 29528-29529 30216 30218-30219 30222 30240-30241 30244-30245 30247 30260 30262-30263 30269 30271 30330 30405 30416-30418 30429 30594-30595 30598-30601 30603 30622-30623 30640-30641 30644-30645 30666 30692 30694-30695 30700-30701 41598-41599 41647 41653-41655 41660 41662 41670-41671 41673-41675 41684-41685 41688 41696 41698 41758-41759 41763 41765-41770 41772 41780-41782 41798 41810-41811 41816-41817 41820 41824 42155 42158-42159 42167 42169-42173 42206-42207 42210-42211 42216-42217 42220 42224-42226 42228-42230 42378-42379 42386-42387 42390-42393 42400 42434-42435 42438-42441 42444-42445 42450-42451 42454-42458 42460-42461 42463 42500-42502 43013-43015 43020-43021 43024-43026https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/544/4014?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/544/4014/withClouds with distancerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGLONGalactic longitude (cloud center)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (cloud center)degpos.galactic.latVelVelocity (cloud center)km/sphys.velocdoubledGLONGalactic longitude rangedegpos.galactic.londoubledVelVelocity rangekm/sinstr.bandwidthdoubleDistDistancekpcpos.distancefloatvcMoment-1 velocity (intensity-weighted mean velocity)km/sphys.velocdoublesMoment-2 velocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersiondoublelog(M)Masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublelog(Mclmax)Maximum clump masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublelog(Mcltot)Total clump masslog(solMass)phys.massdoubleDGF/CMFDense gas fraction/clump formation efficiencyphys.mass;arith.ratiodoublertTrue radiuspcphys.size.radiusdoublevirtTrue virial parameterphys.mass;arith.ratiodoublelog(Nt)True column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensitydouble_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedlog(SFR)Star formation ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRdoubleJ/MNRAS/544/4014/withoutClouds without distance_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexeddVelVelocity rangedeginstr.bandwidthdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGLONGalactic longitude (cloud center)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (cloud center)degpos.galactic.latVelVelocity (cloud center)degphys.velocdoubledGLONGalactic longitude rangedegpos.galactic.londouble