J/MNRAS/544/3260ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/544/3260CDSLefkir M.Vaughan S.Goad M.Huppenkothen D.Uttley P.2025-11-26T16:26:34Z2025-11-26T17:21:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleix-ray-sourcesgamma-ray-astronomyspectroscopystellar-massesAccreting supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies are the engine of active galactic nuclei (AGN). X-ray light curves of unabsorbed AGN show dramatic random variability on timescales ranging from seconds to years. The power spectrum of the fluctuations is usually well-modelled with a power law that decays as 1/f at low frequencies, and which bends to 1/f^2-3^ at high frequencies. The timescale associated with the bend correlates well with the mass of the black hole and may also correlate with bolometric luminosity in the 'X-ray variability plane'. Because AGN light curves are usually irregularly sampled, the estimation of AGN power spectra is challenging. In a previous paper, we introduced a new method to estimate the parameters of bending power law power spectra from AGN light curves. We apply this method to a sample of 56 variable and unabsorbed AGN, observed with XMM-Newton and Swift in the 0.3-1.5keV band over the past two decades. We obtain estimates of the bends in 50 sources, which is the largest sample of X-ray bends in the soft band. We also find that the high-frequency power spectrum is often steeper than 2. We update the X-ray variability plane with new bend timescale measurements spanning from 7 min to 62 days. We report the detections of low-frequency bends in the power spectra of five AGN, three of which are previously unpublished: 1H 1934-063, Mkn 766 and Mkn 279.2025MNRAS.544.3260Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/544/3260CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/544/3260https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/544/3260http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/544/3260https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/544/3260https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/544/3260http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/544/3260GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/544/3260/rmtab (*Reverberation mapping measurements used to re-calibrate the black hole masses (33 souces))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/rmtab?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/rmtab?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/rmtab?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true51.171505334.1794050.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/544/3260/srtab (Line width and luminosity measurements used to re-calibrate the black hole masses (22 souces))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/srtab?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/srtab?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/srtab?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true66.502995-57.20049170.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/544/3260/masses (Recalibrated black hole masses using either reverberation mapping (RM) or scaling relation (SR), 5100{AA} luminosity and Hbeta time lag when available (55 souces))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/masses?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/masses?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/masses?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true51.171505334.1794050.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/544/3260/sgplpost (Posterior medians and uncertainties for the single-bending power-law power spectrum model (50 sources))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/sgplpost?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/sgplpost?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/sgplpost?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true340.663901129.72536170.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/544/3260/dbplpost (Posterior medians and uncertainties for the double-bending power-law power spectrum model (46 sources))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/dbplpost?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/dbplpost?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/544/3260/dbplpost?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true340.663901129.72536170.0055555555555555566/893 1405 4439 5367 6028 6977 7246 7642 7921 8299 8922 9018 9194 9660 9750 10265 10483 10761 10912 10927 11490 11898 13414 14960 15481 17075 17727 19283 19567 19797 19883 21824 22890 24120 25054 26148 28517 29795 29906 33930 33950 33958 34294 34881 36775 36786 37650 38268 39118 43787 43806 44551 46568 46615 47169 49042https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/544/3260?format=asciiGamma-rayX-raydefaultJ/MNRAS/544/3260/rmtab*Reverberation mapping measurements used to re-calibrate the black hole masses (33 souces)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectSource name (Object)meta.id;meta.maincharHbTimelagTime delay between the Hbeta and 5100{AA} emission measured from the centroid of the ICCF (Hbeta_timelag)dtime.intervalfloatRefBibcode(s) for the reference(s) of the values in the table (Reference)meta.bibcharE_HbTimelagUpper error (68% confidence) on Hbeta timelag (errhigh_Hbeta_timelag)dstat.error;stat.maxfloate_HbTimelagLower error (68% confidence) on Hbeta timelag (errlow_Hbeta_timelag)dstat.errorfloatlogL5100? Decimal logarithm of the AGN luminosity at 5100{AA} in units of erg/s (log10_L5100)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.optfloatnullableFWHMHbmean? FWHM of the Hbeta line in the mean spectrum or in a single-epoch spectrum (FWHM_Hbeta_mean)km/sspect.line.widthintnullablee_FWHMHbmean? Error (68% confidence) on FWHMHbetamean (err_FWHM_Hbeta_mean)km/sstat.errorintnullableFWHMHbrms? FWHM of the Hbeta line in the rms spectrum (FWHM_Hbeta_rms)km/sspect.line.widthintnullablee_FWHMHbrms? Error (68% confidence) on FWHMHbetarms (err_FWHM_Hbeta_rms)km/sstat.errorintnullablesigmaHbmean? Line width of the Hbeta line in the mean spectrum or in a single-epoch spectrum (sigma_Hbeta_mean)km/sspect.line.widthintnullablee_sigmaHbmean? Error (68% confidence) on sigmaHbetamean (err_sigma_Hbeta_mean)km/sstat.errorintnullablesigmaHbrms? Line width of the Hbeta line in the rms spectrum (sigma_Hbeta_rms)km/sspect.line.widthintnullablee_sigmaHbrms? Error (68% confidence) on sigmaHbetarms (err_sigma_Hbeta_rms)km/sstat.errorintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/MNRAS/544/3260/srtabLine width and luminosity measurements used to re-calibrate the black hole masses (22 souces)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectSource name (Object)meta.id;meta.maincharFWHMHbFWHM of the Hbeta line in a single-epoch spectrum (FWHM_Hbeta)km/sspect.line.widthinte_FWHMHb? Error (68% confidence) on FWHM_Hbeta (err_FWHM_Hbeta)km/sstat.errorintnullableLHb? Hbeta luminosity in units of 10^44^erg/s (Lum_Hbeta)1e+37Wphys.luminosity;em.line.HbetadoublenullableL5100AGN luminosity at 5100 angstrom in units of 10^44^erg/s (Lum_5100)1e+37Wphys.luminosity;em.optdoubleRefBibcode(s) for the reference(s) of the values in the tablemeta.bibchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/MNRAS/544/3260/massesRecalibrated black hole masses using either reverberation mapping (RM) or scaling relation (SR), 5100{AA} luminosity and Hbeta time lag when available (55 souces)logL5100Decimal logarithm of the AGN luminosity at 5100{AA} (log10_L5100)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.optfloatmeantau? Mean time delay from reverberation mapping if any (mean_tau)dtime.intervalfloatnullablee_meantau? Error (68% confidence) on the mean time delay if any (err_mean_tau)dstat.errorfloatnullableMethodMethod used for the recalibration of the estimate of the black hole mass, RM stands for reverberation mapping and SR for scaling relation (Method)meta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectSource name (Object)meta.id;meta.maincharMBHMean recalibrated black hole mass (MBH)1e+06solMassphys.massfloate_MBHError (68% confidence) on the mean recalibrated black hole mass (errMBH)1e+06solMassstat.errorfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/MNRAS/544/3260/xmmobsDetails about the XMM-Newton observations used in this work (56 souces)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectSource name (Object)meta.id;meta.maincharobsidXMM observation identifier (obsid)meta.id;obs.param;obslongDateStart date observation (Date)'Y:M:D'time.start;obsnullableExpNet exposure time (Exposure)kstime.duration;src.net;obs.exposurefloatMeanCRMean count-rate (Mean_count-rate)ct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloatFvar? root-mean square of the amplitude variability of the light curve (Fvar)src.var.amplitudedoublenullableNptsNumber of points in the light curves (Npoints)meta.numberintJ/MNRAS/544/3260/swiftobsDetails about the Swift light curves used in this work (56 souces)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectSource name (Object)meta.id;meta.maincharStartDateStart date of the light curve (StartDate)'Y:M:D'time.startnullableEndDateEnd date of the light curve (EndDate)'Y:M:D'time.endnullableNetExpTimeNet exposure time (Net exposure time)kstime.duration;src.net;obs.exposureintMeanCRMean count-rate (Mean_count-rate)count.s**-1phot.count;em.X-rayfloatFvarroot-mean square of the amplitude variability of the light curve (Fvar)src.var.amplitudefloatNptsNumber of points in the light curves (Npoints)meta.numberintJ/MNRAS/544/3260/sgplpostPosterior medians and uncertainties for the single-bending power-law power spectrum model (50 sources)E_tb1Upper error of the bend timescale, computed from the 84th percentile and median (tb1_errhigh)dstat.error;stat.maxfloatalpha2Median value of the high-frequency slope (alpha_2)meta.crypticfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectSource name (Object)meta.id;meta.maincharalpha1Median value of the low-frequency slope (alpha_1)meta.crypticfloate_alpha1Lower error of the low-frequency slope, computed from the 16th percentile and median (alpha_1_errlow)stat.errorfloatE_alpha1Upper error of the low-frequency slope, computed from the 84th percentile and median (alpha_1_errhigh)stat.error;stat.maxfloatfb1Median value of the bend frequency (fb1)d**-1em.freq;src.varfloate_fb1Lower error of the bend frequency, computed from the 16th percentile and median (fb1_errlow)d**-1stat.errorfloatE_fb1Upper error of the bend frequency, computed from the 84th percentile and median (fb1_errhigh)d**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloattb1Median value of the bend timescale (tb1)dtime.intervalfloate_tb1Lower error of the bend timescale, computed from the 16th percentile and median (tb1_errlow)dstat.errorfloate_alpha2Lower error of the high-frequency slope, computed from the 16th percentile and median (alpha_2_errlow)stat.errorfloatE_alpha2Upper error of the high-frequency slope, computed from the 84th percentile and median (alpha_2_errhigh)stat.error;stat.maxfloatsigma2Median value of the variance parameter (sigma2)count**2.s**-2stat.variance;stat.param;stat.medianfloate_sigma2Lower error of the variance parameter, computed from the 16th percentile and median (sigma2_errlow)count**2.s**-2stat.errorfloatE_sigma2Upper error of the variance parameter, computed from the 84th percentile and median (sigma2_errhigh)count**2.s**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatnuMedian value of nu the error scaling parameter (nu)stat.error;stat.param;stat.medianfloate_nuLower error of nu the error scaling parameter, computed from the 16th percentile and median (nu_errlow)stat.errorfloatE_nuUpper error of nu the error scaling parameter, computed from the 84th percentile and median (nu_errhigh)stat.error;stat.maxfloatmuMedian value of the mean (mu)ct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_muLower error of the mean, computed from the 16th percentile and median (mu_errlow)ct/sstat.errorfloatE_muUpper error of the mean, computed from the 84th percentile and median (mu_errhigh)ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatgammaMedian value of gamma the cross-calibration factor (gamma)stat.fit.paramfloate_gammaLower error of gamma the cross-calibration factor, computed from the 16th percentile and median (gamma_errlow)stat.errorfloatE_gammaUpper error of gamma the cross-calibration factor, computed from the 84th percentile and median (gamma_errhigh)stat.error;stat.maxfloatlnZNatural logarithm of the Bayesian evidence from nested sampling (lnZ)stat.fit.paramdouble_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/MNRAS/544/3260/dbplpostPosterior medians and uncertainties for the double-bending power-law power spectrum model (46 sources)E_tb1Upper error of the low-frequency bend timescale, computed from the 84th percentile and median (tb1_errhigh)dstat.error;stat.maxdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectSource name (Object)meta.id;meta.maincharalpha1Median value of the low-frequency slope (alpha_1)meta.crypticfloate_alpha1Lower error of the low-frequency slope, computed from the 16th percentile and median (alpha_1_errlow)stat.errorfloatE_alpha1Upper error of the low-frequency slope, computed from the 84th percentile and median (alpha_1_errhigh)stat.error;stat.maxfloatfb1Median value of the low-frequency bend (fb1)d**-1em.freq;src.varfloate_fb1Lower error of the low-frequency bend, computed from the 16th percentile and median (fb1_errlow)d**-1stat.errorfloatE_fb1Upper error of the low-frequency bend, computed from the 84th percentile and median (fb1_errhigh)d**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloattb1Median value of the low-frequency bend timescale (tb1)dtime.intervalfloate_tb1Lower error of the low-frequency bend timescale, computed from the 16th percentile and median (tb1_errlow)dstat.errordoublealpha2Median value of the intermediate-frequency slope (alpha_2)meta.crypticfloate_alpha2Lower error of the intermediate-frequency slope, computed from the 16th percentile and median (alpha_2_errlow)stat.errorfloatE_alpha2Upper error of the intermediate-frequency slope, computed from the 84th percentile and median (alpha_2_errhigh)stat.error;stat.maxfloatfb2Median value of the high- frequency bend (fb2)d**-1em.freq;src.varfloate_fb2Lower error of the high- frequency bend, computed from the 16th percentile and median (fb2_errlow)d**-1stat.errorfloatE_fb2Upper error of the high- frequency bend, computed from the 84th percentile and median (fb2_errhigh)d**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloattb2Median value of the high- frequency bend timescale (tb2)dtime.intervalfloate_tb2Lower error of the high- frequency bend timescale, computed from the 16th percentile and median (tb2_errlow)dstat.errordoubleE_tb2Upper error of the high- frequency bend timescale, computed from the 84th percentile and median (tb2_errhigh)dstat.error;stat.maxdoublealpha3Median value of the high- frequency slope (alpha_3)meta.crypticfloate_alpha3Lower error of the high- frequency slope, computed from the 16th percentile and median (alpha_3_errlow)stat.errorfloatE_alpha3Upper error of the high- frequency slope, computed from the 84th percentile and median (alpha_3_errhigh)stat.error;stat.maxfloatsigma2Median value of the variance parameter (sigma2)count**2.s**-2stat.variance;stat.param;stat.medianfloate_sigma2Lower error of the variance parameter, computed from the 16th percentile and median (sigma2_errlow)count**2.s**-2stat.errorfloatE_sigma2Upper error of the variance parameter, computed from the 84th percentile and median (sigma2_errhigh)count**2.s**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloatnuMedian value of nu the error scaling parameter (nu)stat.error;stat.param;stat.medianfloate_nuLower error of nu the error scaling parameter, computed from the 16th percentile and median (nu_errlow)stat.errorfloatE_nuUpper error of nu the error scaling parameter, computed from the 84th percentile and median (nu_errhigh)stat.error;stat.maxfloatmuMedian value of the mean (mu)ct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_muLower error of the mean, computed from the 16th percentile and median (mu_errlow)ct/sstat.errorfloatE_muUpper error of the mean, computed from the 84th percentile and median (mu_errhigh)ct/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatgammaMedian value of gamma the cross-calibration factor (gamma)stat.fit.paramfloate_gammaLower error of gamma the cross-calibration factor, computed from the 16th percentile and median (gamma_errlow)stat.errorfloatE_gammaUpper error of gamma the cross-calibration factor, computed from the 84th percentile and median (gamma_errhigh)stat.error;stat.maxfloatlnZNatural logarithm of the Bayesian evidence from nested sampling (lnZ)stat.fit.paramdoublelnBFNatural logarithm of the Bayes factor (lnBF)stat.fit.paramfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable