J/MNRAS/542/52ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/542/52doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-gy-1mCDSZhou J.-X.Li G.-X.Chen B.-Q.2026-08-03T07:33:34Z2025-12-31T08:37:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediumyoung-stellar-objectsmolecular-cloudsKinematic information is crucial for understanding the evolution of complex systems, such as interstellar gas. Obtaining full 3D kinematic information is a crucial final step for modeling and interpretation. Molecular clouds are nurseries where stars are born. Stars at a very early stage, like young stellar objects (YSOs), inherit the spatial and kinematic structure of the gas patches they originate from. In this paper, we combine measurements of radial velocities towards the gas and the kinematic information of YSOs from Gaia DR3 to derive 3D velocities of a sample of YSO (Young Stellar Object)-MC (Molecular Cloud) complexes at d<~3.5kpc from the Sun. We find that the molecular interstellar medium traced by the YSO-MC complexes generally follows Galactic rotation, with an additional peculiar velocity of 8.6km/s. The random motion of these complexes in the Galactic XY plane is more energetic than motion along the Z direction. A catalogue containing the 3D velocities of the YSO-MC complexes at different reference frames is available, and the distances and 3D velocities of well-known molecular clouds are presented. Our results set the foundation for exploring the interplay between the Galaxy, the molecular ISM, and star formation.2025MNRAS.542...52Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/542/52CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/542/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/542/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/542/52https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/542/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/542/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/542/52GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/542/52/tablea1 (Parameters of YSO associations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/542/52/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/542/52/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/542/52/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true66.822526.369060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/542/52/clouds (Cloud velocities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/542/52/clouds?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/542/52/clouds?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/542/52/clouds?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true66.822526.369060.0055555555555555566/859 1049 1074 1168 1231 1297 1539 1790 3196 3198 3283 3302 3747 3752 3755 3849 3884 13051 13559 14031 14307 14310 14345 14358 14630 14692 15368 15409 15420 15478 15664 15670 15676 15683 15781 16129 16191 21298 21337 21354-21355 21436 21456 21644 21646 21677 22249 22848 22854 22861 22873 23562 23637-23638 23644 23706 23730 23738 23992 24503 24510 24552 28810 29112 29506 29513 30251 30340 30361 30363-30364 36957 37846 37861 37863 37871 37900 38018 39239 39248 39259 39363 39396-39397 39909-39910 41132 41746-41747 42191 42209 42598 42610 42614 42981 42989 42991 43025-43026https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/542/52?format=asciidefaultJ/MNRAS/542/52/tablea1Parameters of YSO associationsVyPecpeculiar velocity in Ykm/sphys.velocfloatVsigma2D2D velocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloatSizeSize of the YSO associationpcphys.angSizefloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintId[0/101] Sequential numbermeta.id;meta.mainintGLON[] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latDistHeliocentric distancekpcpos.distancefloate_DistUncertainty in heliocentric distancekpcstat.errorfloatpmGLONProper motion in Galactic longitudemas/yrpos.pm;pos.galactic.lonfloatpmGLATProper motion in Galactic latitudemas/yrpos.pm;pos.galactic.latfloate_pmGLONUncertainty in proper motion in GLONmas/yrstat.errorfloate_pmGLATUncertainty in proper motion in GLATmas/yrstat.errorfloatHRVHeliocentric radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_HRVUncertainty in heliocentric radial velocitykm/sstat.errorfloatXgGalactocentric X position (toward GC)kpcpos.cartesian.x;pos.galacticfloatYgGalactocentric Y position (in rotation direction)kpcpos.cartesian.y;pos.galacticfloatZgGalactocentric Z position (toward Galactic north)kpcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticfloatVXVelocity along X in Galactic rectangular coordinateskm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatVYVelocity along Y in Galactic rectangular coordinateskm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatVZVelocity along Z in Galactic rectangular coordinateskm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloate_VXUncertainty in VXkm/sstat.errorfloate_VYUncertainty in VYkm/sstat.errorfloate_VZUncertainty in VZkm/sstat.errorfloatVrgGalactocentric radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.galactocentricfloatVtgGalactocentric tangential velocity in planekm/sphys.velocfloatVzgGalactocentric vertical velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.galactocentricfloate_VrgUncertainty in Vrgkm/sstat.errorfloate_VtgUncertainty in Vtgkm/sstat.errorfloate_VzgUncertainty in Vzgkm/sstat.errorfloatVrgPecPeculiar radial velocity (Galactocentric)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatVtgPecPeculiar tangential velocity (Galactocentric)km/sphys.velocfloatVzgPecPeculiar vertical velocity (Galactocentric)km/sphys.velocfloatVxgaGalactocentric velocity in Xkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatVygaGalactocentric velocity in Ykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatVzgaGalactocentric velocity in Zkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloate_VxgaUncertainty in Vxgakm/sstat.errorfloate_VygaUncertainty in Vygakm/sstat.errorfloate_VzgaUncertainty in Vzgakm/sstat.errorfloatVx-de-roResidual Vxga after subtracting rotationkm/sstat.fit.residualfloatVy-de-roResidual Vyga after subtracting rotationkm/sstat.fit.residualfloatVz-de-roResidual Vzga after subtracting rotationkm/sstat.fit.residualfloatVxPecpeculiar velocity in Xkm/sphys.velocfloatJ/MNRAS/542/52/cloudsCloud velocitiese_HRVUncertainty in heliocentric radial velocitykm/sstat.errorfloatXgGalactocentric X position (toward GC)kpcpos.cartesian.x;pos.galacticfloatYgGalactocentric Y position (in rotation direction)kpcpos.cartesian.y;pos.galacticfloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCloudCloud namemeta.id;meta.maincharGLON[] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latDistHeliocentric distancekpcpos.distancefloate_DistUncertainty in heliocentric distancekpcstat.errorfloatpmGLONProper motion in Galactic longitudemas/yrpos.pm;pos.galactic.lonfloatpmGLATProper motion in Galactic latitudemas/yrpos.pm;pos.galactic.latfloate_pmGLONUncertainty in proper motion in GLONmas/yrstat.errorfloate_pmGLATUncertainty in proper motion in GLATmas/yrstat.errorfloatHRVHeliocentric radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloatZgGalactocentric Z position (toward Galactic north)kpcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticfloatVXVelocity along X in Galactic rectangular coordinateskm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatVYVelocity along Y in Galactic rectangular coordinateskm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatVZVelocity along Z in Galactic rectangular coordinateskm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloate_VXUncertainty in VXkm/sstat.errorfloate_VYUncertainty in VYkm/sstat.errorfloate_VZUncertainty in VZkm/sstat.errorfloatVrgGalactocentric radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.galactocentricfloatVtgGalactocentric tangential velocity in planekm/sphys.velocfloatVzgGalactocentric vertical velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.galactocentricfloate_VrgUncertainty in Vrgkm/sstat.errorfloate_VtgUncertainty in Vtgkm/sstat.errorfloate_VzgUncertainty in Vzgkm/sstat.errorfloatVrgPecPeculiar radial velocity (Galactocentric)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatVtgPecPeculiar tangential velocity (Galactocentric)km/sphys.velocfloatVzgPecPeculiar vertical velocity (Galactocentric)km/sphys.velocfloatVxgaGalactocentric velocity in Xkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatVygaGalactocentric velocity in Ykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatVzgaGalactocentric velocity in Zkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloate_VxgaUncertainty in Vxgakm/sstat.errorfloate_VygaUncertainty in Vygakm/sstat.errorfloate_VzgaUncertainty in Vzgakm/sstat.errorfloatVx-de-roResidual Vxga after subtracting rotationkm/sstat.fit.residualfloatVy-de-roResidual Vyga after subtracting rotationkm/sstat.fit.residualfloatVz-de-roResidual Vzga after subtracting rotationkm/sstat.fit.residualfloatVxPecpeculiar velocity in Xkm/sphys.velocfloatVyPecpeculiar velocity in Ykm/sphys.velocfloatVsigma2D2D velocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloatSizeSize of the YSO associationpcphys.angSizefloat