J/MNRAS/539/1458ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/539/1458doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-gv-1djCDSArsioli B.Chang Y.-L.Ighina L.2026-08-03T07:33:18Z2025-05-02T09:10:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomysurveysgalaxiescatalogsquasarsbl-lacertae-objectsredshiftedWe present the First Cosmic Gamma-ray Horizon (1CGH) catalogue, featuring gamma-ray detections above 10GeV based on 16 years of observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) satellite. After carefully selecting a sample of blazars and blazar candidates from catalogues in the literature, we performed a binned likelihood analysis and identified 2791 gamma-ray emitters above 10 GeV, at >3 sigma level, including 62 that are new gamma-ray detections. For each source, we estimated the mean energy of the highest- energy bin and analysed them in the context of the cosmic gamma-ray horizon. By adopting a reference model for the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL), we identified a subsample of 525 sources where moderate to severe gamma-ray absorption could be detected across the redshift range of 0 to 3. This work provides the most up-to-date compilation of detections above 10GeV, along with their redshift information. We condense extensive results from the literature, including reports on observational campaigns dedicated to blazars and gamma-ray sources, thereby delivering an unprecedented review of the redshift information for sources detected above 10GeV. Additionally, we highlight key 1CGH sources where redshift information remains incomplete, offering guidance for future optical observation campaigns. The 1CGH catalogue aims to track the most significant sources for studying the gamma-ray transparency of the universe. Furthermore, it provides a targeted subsample where the EBL optical depth (tau(E,z)) can be robustly measured using Fermi-LAT data.2025MNRAS.539.1458Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/539/1458CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/274 : The Roma BZCAT - 5th edition (Massaro+, 2015)IX/67 : Incremental Fermi LAT 4th source cat. (4FGL-DR3)J/A+A/632/A77 : 3HSP blazars catalog (Chang+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/539/1458https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/539/1458http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/539/1458https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/539/1458https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/539/1458http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/539/1458GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/539/1458/1cgh_v1 (First Cosmic Gamma-ray Horizon (1CGH) catalogue)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/539/1458/1cgh_v1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/539/1458/1cgh_v1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/539/1458/1cgh_v1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.187825.51530.0055555555555555566/12 14 18 29 49-50 60 100 110 115 137 143 250 267 342 376 398 428 440 447 486 506 514 516 530 543 555-556 579 615 624 696 714 716-717 730-731 739 743 747 770 790 800 817 836 851 893 897-898 911 961 968 973-975 988 991 1002 1032 1085 1087 1116 1120 1153 1163 1203 1222 1233 1312 1315 1342 1462 1509 1538 1551 1593 1611 1617 1622 1626 1632 1680 1700-1702 1741 1782 1853 1888 1914-1915 1973 2006 2010 2028 2031 2037 2066 2094 2100 2117 2122 2137 2140 2142 2167 2228 2249 2255 2273 2295 2324 2331 2340 2357 2376 2404 2414 2439 2460 2484 2492 2505 2549 2568 2574 2597 2601 2610 2616 2621 2636 2647 2650 2654 2659 2667 2678 2681 2704 2708 2721-2722 2741 2748 2751 2754 2792 2808 2822 2836 2867 2879 2896 2912 2929 2934 2966 2983 3004 3017 3023-3024 3052 3082 3096 3099 3128 3130 3237 3264 3272 3338 3351 3369 3382 3395 3401-3402 3416 3419 3428 3431 3438 3449 3465 3472 3492 3528 3557 3566 3569 3581 3616 3629 3667 3675 3700 3710 3712 3721 3728 3759 3761 3774 3784 3833 3841 3844 3876 3882 3945 3965 3974 3984 3990 4014 4016 4039-4040 4042 4048 4050 4080 4088 4091 4096 4134 4137 4140 4160 4190 4210 4255 4260-4261 4312 4317 4352-4353 4362 4376 4435 4459 4472 4475 4499 4543 4550 4606 4638 4642 4672 4683 4685 4695 4705 4746 4770 4798 4801 4817 4824-4825 4841 4855 4861-4863 4865-4866 4882 4923 4940 4960 4964 4974 4977 5000 5049 5072 5091 5098 5139 5162 5166 5191 5195 5201 5241 5270 5284 5300 5311 5314 5361 5371 5404-5405 5412-5413 5423 5432 5448 5450 5455 5458 5460 5462 5483 5516 5521-5523 5536 5546 5553 5583 5589 5597 5614 5649 5657 5693 5698 5720-5721 5723 5771 5775 5784 5792 5795 5800 5803 5806 5817 5836 5844 5872 5891 5918 5952 5990 5998 6001 6014-6015 6018 6021 6038-6039 6063 6067 6088 6095-6096 6103-6104 6110 6164 6185 6212 6255 6268 6306 6327 6348 6362 6368 6386 6406 6427 6436 6458 6496-6498 6502 6504 6507 6548 6559 6568 6577 6582 6588 6619 6626 6636 6647 6667 6670 6723 6754 6764 6777 6815 6822 6829 6832 6835 6848 6888 6910 6935 6937 6951 6963 6973 6976 6980 6984 6988 6996 7004 7034 7037-7038 7045 7082 7091-7092 7094 7130-7131 7137 7176 7181 7212 7225-7226 7233 7235 7237 7245 7265 7269 7285 7296 7301 7305 7308 7310 7315 7319 7336 7343 7346 7354 7378 7380 7389 7394 7411 7426 7433 7446 7448 7475 7478 7518 7521 7530-7531 7533 7548 7553 7569-7570 7593 7595 7597 7606 7613 7623 7640-7641 7653 7655 7660 7662 7681 7699 7709 7743 7758-7759 7764 7766 7777 7798 7808 7823 7837 7851 7855 7859 7869 7871 7896 7907 7936 7940 7947 8004-8005 8008 8011 8014 8042 8064 8067 8071 8091 8100 8106 8118 8134 8143 8145 8159 8173 8177 8181 8199 8203 8220 8258 8267 8271 8275 8290 8299 8321 8373-8374 8378 8438-8439 8466 8474 8485 8487 8502 8509 8515 8526 8556 8559 8595 8603 8657 8673 8679 8699 8717 8729 8741 8746 8751 8762 8792-8793 8805 8818 8830 8915 8931 8945 8955 8972 8982 9003 9013 9029 9049 9060 9073 9075 9104 9118 9155 9159 9188 9196 9202 9204 9225 9264 9268 9301-9302 9310 9316 9338 9376 9379 9383 9403 9410 9442 9445 9460 9475 9477 9501 9539 9544-9545 9554 9566 9600 9612 9615 9629 9632-9633 9639 9642 9649 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40811 40831 40842 40870 40874 40885 40890 40898 40914 40919 40949 41009 41030 41033 41043 41047 41058 41067 41072-41073 41088 41102 41114 41130 41155 41179 41187 41230 41325 41335 41345 41350 41359 41363 41374 41377 41410 41464 41474 41495 41507 41510 41524 41543 41574 41607 41619 41631 41725 41757 41782 41824 41903 41942 41966 41982 42008 42012 42048 42054 42071 42105 42161 42188 42261 42360 42432 42493 42515 42571 42677 42684 42721 42742 42744 42779 42803 42816 42834 42882 42901 42904 42914 42920 42980 43038 43066 43085 43116 43122 43186 43197-43198 43228 43233 43246 43262 43317 43354 43366 43377 43380 43382 43389 43399 43402 43412 43421-43422 43433-43435 43439 43443 43447 43463 43490 43556 43572 43578 43595-43597 43600 43603 43630 43643-43644 43649 43662 43707 43710 43746 43793 43802 43805 43822 43877 43883 43914 43986 43996 44007 44011 44049-44050 44059 44068-44069 44113 44120-44121 44123 44147 44153 44170 44192-44193 44213 44223 44247 44255 44277 44284 44290-44291 44308 44313 44336 44340 44349 44365 44389 44449 44474 44477 44493 44519 44526 44533 44539 44543 44554 44582 44592 44609 44624 44634 44638 44653-44654 44669 44700 44730 44734 44741 44813 44820 44840 44901-44902 44908 44911 44913 44952 44956 44961 45011 45016 45038 45065 45068 45077 45081 45105 45122 45146 45178 45196 45227 45242 45267 45284 45289 45293 45295 45307 45315-45316 45330 45358 45360 45375 45386 45406 45457 45482 45490-45492 45619 45632 45640 45713 45746 45774 45812 45816 45820 45836 45847 45859 45900 45904 45926 45933 45943 45957 45972 45974 45982 45998 46012 46033 46055 46090 46122 46142 46152 46200 46239 46251 46258 46280 46285 46310 46320 46331 46356 46358 46361 46369-46371 46374 46391-46392 46440 46442 46444-46445 46448 46458 46480-46481 46501 46506 46508 46545 46547 46564 46568 46613 46622 46677 46740 46772 46787 46835 46852 46858 46872 46911 46918 46924 46963-46964 46966 47014 47021 47046 47057 47065 47080 47101 47130 47132 47149 47151-47152 47154 47231 47248 47319 47323 47370 47375 47398 47407 47413 47425 47453 47461 47466 47479 47485 47489 47497 47540 47564 47566 47605 47621 47630 47636 47649 47708 47714 47720 47744 47792 47865 47900 47912 47960 47969 48023 48025 48090 48100 48120 48123 48154 48200-48201 48227 48245 48259 48274 48315 48352 48363 48398 48419 48443 48446 48498 48504 48528 48531 48576 48588 48595 48603 48608 48624 48629 48670-48671 48685 48758 48763 48778 48797-48798 48822 48829 48854 48858 48878 48885 48951 48985 49037 49043 49068 49071 49087 49116 49124 49141-49142https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/539/1458?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/MNRAS/539/1458/1cgh_v1First Cosmic Gamma-ray Horizon (1CGH) cataloguez? Redshift of the source (z)src.redshiftfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000) (RA_1CGH)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEC_1CGH)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainCtpNameName of the source from catalogs such as 5BZcat, 3HSP, 4FGL-DR4, or others (Counterpart_name)meta.id.assoccharN0Normalization constant of the power-law fit at the pivot energy (N0[1E-16])1e-16ph.cm**-2.s**-1.MeV**-1stat.fit.paramdoublee_N0Uncertainty in the normalization constant (N0_err[1E-16])1e-16ph.cm**-2.s**-1.MeV**-1stat.errordoubleIndexPhoton spectral index of the power-law model (Index)stat.fit.paramfloate_Index? Uncertainty in the photon spectral index (Index_err)stat.error;spect.indexfloatnullableFluxIntegrated photon flux (10-800GeV), estimated with a power-law fit (Flux[1E-12])1e-12ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.harddoublee_FluxUncertainty in the integrated photon flux (Flux_err[1E-12])1e-12ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleTSTest Statistic value for the source detection (TS)stat.likelihood;obsfloatsigmaThe significance for the source detection (sigma)stat.fit.goodnessfloatf_z[1/3]? Redshift reliability flag (zflag) (2)meta.codeintnullabler_zReference for the redshift, as described in the text (z_origin) (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharNph128Number of photons associated (Source_type events, evclass=128) (Nph_128)phot.count;em.X-rayintEmax128Maximum photon energy detected (evclass=128) (Emax_128[GeV])GeVem.energy;stat.maxdoubleNph512Number of photons associated (UltraClean_type events, evclass=512) (Nph_512)phot.count;em.X-rayintEmax512Maximum photon energy detected (evclass=512) (Emax_512[GeV])GeVem.energy;stat.maxfloatEbinmaxMean energy of the four highest-energy photons (evclass=128) (Ebin_max[GeV])GeVphys.energy;stat.meandoubleTransEbin? Flux transmission factor at Ebin_max. (TransmissionEbin)arith.factor;phot.fluxdoublenullableAbsEbin? Flux absorption factor at Ebin_max, calculated as (1 - Transmission) (AbsEbin)arith.factor;phot.fluxdoublenullabletauEbin? EBL optical depth at Ebin_max (tauEbin)phys.absorption.opticalDepthdoublenullableAbsflag[0/1]? Absorption flag (Abs_flag) (4)meta.codeintnullableGLATGalactic latitude (GAL_LAT)degpos.galactic.latdoubleBZcatIdentifier in the 5BZcat catalogue, if available. (BZcat)meta.id.assoccharz3HSP? Redshift from the 3HSP catalogue, if available (z_3HSP)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablef_z3HSP[1/5]? Redshift flag from the 3HSP catalogue (zflag_3HSP) (5)meta.codeintnullable4FGLCounterpart name in 4FGL-DR4 (4FGL_counter_name)meta.idcharf_4FGLFlag for TeVCat association, as per 4FGL-DR4 (TEVCAT_FLAG_4FGLdr4)meta.codecharAss4FGL4TeV association in 4FGL-DR4 (ASSOC_TEV_4FGLdr4)meta.codecharClass4FGL4Classification in 4FGL-DR4 (CLASS1_4FGLdr4)meta.code.classcharAsso4FGL4Counterpart name in 4FGL-DR4 (ASSOC1_4FGLdr4)meta.idchar4LACdr3Counterpart name in 4LAC-DR3 (Name_4LACdr3)meta.idcharz4LACdr3? Redshift as reported in 4LAC-DR3. (z_4LACdr3_1)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricdoublenullable3FHLCounterpart name in 3FHL (Name_3FHL)meta.idcharz3FHL? Redshift as reported in 3FHL (z_3FHL)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricdoublenullableCurv3FHL? Detectable spectral curvature in 3FHL (Curvature_3FHL) (6)stat.fit.paramdoublenullable1CGHSource identifier, formatted as 1CGHJHHMM+DDMM, based on J2000 coordinates (1CGH_name) (1)meta.id;meta.mainchar