CEMP prediction abundancesJ/MNRAS/537/1984ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/537/1984doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75371984CDSArdern-Arentsen A.Kane S.G.Belokurov V.Matsuno T.Montelius M.,Monty S.Sanders J.L.2025-03-03T20:14:43Z2025-02-06T12:15:08ZCDS support team
CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
cds-question@unistra.frcarbon-starschemical-abundancesvisible-astronomyCarbon-rich (C-rich) stars can be found at all metallicities and evolutionary stages. They are often the result of mass-transfer from a companion, but some of the most metal-poor C-rich objects are likely carrying the imprint of the metal-free First Stars from birth. In this work, we employ a neural network to predict metallicities and carbon abundances for over 10 million stars with Gaia low-resolution XP spectra, down to [Fe/H]=-3.0 and up to [C/Fe]=~+2. We identify ~2000 high-confidence bright (G<16) carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars with [Fe/H]<-2.0 and [C/Fe]>+0.7. The majority of our C-rich candidates have [Fe/H]>-2.0 and are expected to be binary mass-transfer products, supported by high barium abundances in GALAH and/or their Gaia RUWE and radial velocity variations. We confirm previous findings of an increase in C-rich stars with decreasing metallicity, adopting a definition of 3{sigma} outliers from the [C/Fe] distribution, although our frequency appears to flatten for -3.0<[Fe/H]<-2.0 at a level of 6-7%. We also find that the fraction of C-rich stars is low among globular cluster stars (connected to their lower binary fraction), and that it decreases for field stars more tightly bound to the Milky Way. We interpret these last results as evidence that disrupted globular clusters contribute more in the inner Galaxy, supporting previous work. Homogeneous samples like these are key to understanding the full population properties of C-rich stars, and this is just the beginning.2025MNRAS.537.1984Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/537/1984CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/ApJ/931/147 : Very metal-poor stars with LAMOST + Subaru. II. (Li+, 2022)J/MNRAS/523/4049 : CEMP in Gaia DR3 (Lucey+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1984https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1984http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1984https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1984https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1984http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1984GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/537/1984/ref (Reference sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1984/ref?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1984/ref?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1984/ref?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true110.967555077611736.6325454423420.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/537/1984/l23 (Lucey et al. (2023MNRAS.523.4049L, Cat. J/MNRAS/523/4049) predictions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1984/l23?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1984/l23?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1984/l23?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true43.29748032197631.65928296249310.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/537/1984/a23 (XP vetted giants from Andrae et al. (2023ApJS..267....8A))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1984/a23?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1984/a23?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1984/a23?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true45.03434283469620.2353895995160.0055555555555555560/1-3 5 7-11 1/0 2-3 19 25 2/4-6 65 68-69 71 74-75 96-97 99 104 106 3/29-31 256 259 264 266-267 269-270 280-281 283 288 290 292-293 392-394 420-421 423 430 434 436-437 439-440 442 447 4/112-113 1028-1030 1032-1034 1062-1063 1072-1073 1086 1128-1129 1131 1156-1157 1159 1164 1166-1167 1176-1178 1180-1181 1183 1580-1581 1583 1688-1690 1712 1714-1715 1717 1719 1724 1726-1730 1732-1733 1735 1740-1741 1743 1753-1755 1764-1766 1772 1774-1777 1781 1785-1787 5/456-457 461-463 4124 4126-4127 4140 4142-4143 4240 4242-4245 4247 4297-4298 4300-4301 4303 4337-4341 4343 4349-4351 4520-4522 4633-4635 4660 4662 4716 4718-4719 4729-4731 6328-6330 6764-6765 6767 6852-6854 6864-6865 6867 6872 6874-6875 6901-6903 6924 6926 6937-6939 6968-6970 7008 7010-7011 7070 7092 7094 7112-7113 7115-7117 7119 7121-7123 7129-7131 7133-7135 7137 7139 6/1832 1836 1838 1842-1843 16500-16501 16503 16564-16565 16567 16965 16967 16985-16987 17184-17186 17196-17198 17208-17210 17344-17345 17347 17368-17369 17371 17392-17394 18092-18093 18095 18528 18530-18531 18644-18645 18647 18652 18654-18655 18868-18870 18912-18914 25324 25326-25327 27064-27065 27067 27421-27423 27465-27467 27493-27495 27600-27601 27603 27700-27701 27703 27708-27709 27711 27744 27746-27747 27884-27885 28036-28038 28272 28274-28277 28279 28286-28287 28372 28374-28375 28380-28382 28456-28457 28473-28475 28480-28482 28512 28514-28515 28529-28531 28544 28546-28547 28553 285551.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/537/1984?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/537/1984/refReference sampleloggPredicted surface gravity (logg)phys.gravitydoublee_TeffPredicted teff error (err_teff)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoublee_[Fe/H]Predicted [Fe/H] error (err_feh)stat.error;phys.abund.Fedoublee_[C/Fe]Predicted [C/Fe] error (err_cfe)stat.error;phys.abunddoublee_loggPredicted logg error (err_logg)stat.errordoubles_TeffStandard deviation of teff predictions (std_teff)Kstat.stdev;phys.temperature.effectivedoubles_[Fe/H]Standard deviation of [Fe/H] predictions (std_feh)stat.stdev;phys.abund.Fedoubles_[C/Fe]Standard deviation of [C/Fe] predictions (std_cfe)stat.stdev;phys.abunddoubles_loggStandard deviation of logg predictions (std_logg)stat.stdevdoubleCatReference for spectroscopic values (cat) (1)meta.bibchartrain[0/1] Equal to 1 if used in training and 0 if used for testing (train)meta.codefloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source_id (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSGaia DR3 right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSGaia DR3 declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplx? Gaia DR3 parallax (parallax)maspos.parallax.trigdoublenullableGmagGaia DR3 G magnitude (phot_g_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.optdoublee_plx? Gaia DR3 parallax_error (parallax_error)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublenullablepvarProbability star is photometric variable (pvar)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleE(B-V)SFD E(B-V) (ebv)phot.color.excessdouble(BP-RP)0Extinction-corrected BP-RP (BPRP_0)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoubleGmag0Extinction-corrected G (G_0)magphot.mag;em.optdoubleTeff-specSpectroscopic effective temperature (teff_spec)Kphys.temperature.effectivedouble[Fe/H]-specSpectroscopic [Fe/H] (feh_spec)phys.abund.Fefloat[C/Fe]-specSpectroscopic [C/Fe] (cfe_spec)phys.abundfloatlogg-specSpectroscopic surface gravity (logg_spec)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatTeffPredicted effective temperature (teff)Kphys.temperature.effectivedouble[Fe/H]Predicted [Fe/H] (feh)phys.abund.Fedouble[C/Fe]Predicted [C/Fe] (cfe)phys.abunddouble
J/MNRAS/537/1984/l23Lucey et al. (2023MNRAS.523.4049L, Cat. J/MNRAS/523/4049) predictionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source_id (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSGaia DR3 right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDE_ICRSGaia DR3 declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedGmagGaia DR3 G magnitude (phot_g_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.optdoubleplxGaia DR3 parallax (parallax)maspos.parallax.trigdoublee_plxGaia DR3 parallax error (parallax_error)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublepvar? Probability star is photometric variable ( pvar)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableE(B-V)SFD E(B-V) (ebv)phot.color.excessdouble(BP-RP)0? Extinction-corrected BP-RP (BPRP_0)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoublenullableGmag0? Extinction-corrected G (G_0)magphot.mag;em.optdoublenullableTeffPredicted effective temperature (teff)Kphys.temperature.effectivedouble[Fe/H]Predicted [Fe/H] (feh)phys.abund.Fedouble[C/Fe]Predicted [C/Fe] (cfe)phys.abunddoubleloggPredicted surface gravity (logg)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoublee_TeffPredicted teff error (err_teff)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoublee_[Fe/H]Predicted [Fe/H] error (err_feh)stat.error;phys.abund.Fedoublee_[C/Fe]Predicted [C/Fe error (err_cfe)stat.error;phys.abunddoublee_loggPredicted logg error (err_logg)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errordoubles_TeffStandard deviation of teff predictions (std_teff)Kstat.stdev;phys.temperature.effectivedoubles_[Fe/H]Standard deviation of [Fe/H] predictions (std_feh)stat.stdev;phys.abund.Fedoubles_[C/Fe]Standard deviation of [C/Fe] predictions (std_cfe)stat.stdev;phys.abunddoubles_loggStandard deviation of logg predictions (std_logg)log(cm.s**-2)stat.stdevdouble
J/MNRAS/537/1984/a23XP vetted giants from Andrae et al. (2023ApJS..267....8A)[C/Fe]Predicted [C/Fe] (cfe)phys.abunddoubleGmag0? Extinction-corrected G (G_0)magphot.mag;em.optdoublenullableTeffPredicted effective temperature (teff)Kphys.temperature.effectivedouble[Fe/H]Predicted [Fe/H] (feh)phys.abund.FedoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source_id (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSGaia DR3 right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDE_ICRSGaia DR3 declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedGmagGaia DR3 G magnitude (phot_g_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.optdoubleplxGaia DR3 parallax (parallax)maspos.parallax.trigdoublee_plxGaia DR3 parallax_error (parallax_error)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublepvar? Probability star is photometric variable (pvar)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableE(B-V)SFD E(B-V) (ebv)phot.color.excessdouble(BP-RP)0? Extinction-corrected BP-RP (BPRP_0)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoublenullableloggPredicted surface gravity (logg)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoublee_TeffPredicted teff error (err_teff)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoublee_[Fe/H]Predicted [Fe/H] error (err_feh)stat.error;phys.abund.Fedoublee_[C/Fe]Predicted [C/Fe error (err_cfe)stat.error;phys.abunddoublee_loggPredicted logg error (err_logg)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errordoubles_TeffStandard deviation of teff predictions (std_teff)Kstat.stdev;phys.temperature.effectivedoubles_[Fe/H]Standard deviation of [Fe/H] predictions (std_feh)stat.stdev;phys.abund.Fedoubles_[C/Fe]Standard deviation of [C/Fe] predictions (std_cfe)stat.stdev;phys.abunddoubles_loggStandard deviation of logg predictions (std_logg)log(cm.s**-2)stat.stdevdoubleCcor? Evolutionary carbon correction (Ccor)arith.factordoublenullableEnergyOrbital energy (energy)km**2.s**-2src.orbitaldoubleLzAngular momentum (Lz)km.kpc/sphys.angMomentumdouble