J/MNRAS/537/1459ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/537/1459doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75371459CDSTous J.L.Solanes J.M.Perea J.D.2025-03-03T20:14:40Z2025-02-14T10:30:12ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesvisible-astronomyspectroscopygalaxy-classification-systemsWe introduce a novel galaxy classification methodology based on the visible spectra of a sample of over 68000 nearby (z<=0.1) Sloan Digital Sky Survey lenticular (S0) galaxies. Unlike traditional diagnostic diagrams, which rely on a limited set of emission lines and class dividers to identify ionizing sources, our approach provides a comprehensive framework for characterizing galaxies regardless of their activity level. By projecting galaxies into the 2D latent space defined by the first three principal components (PCs) of their entire visible spectra, our method remains robust even when data from individual emission lines are missing. We employ Gaussian kernel density estimates of the classical Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich (BPT) activity classes in the new classification subspace, adjusted according to their relative abundance in our S0 sample, to generate probability maps for star-forming, Seyfert, composite, and LINER galaxies. These maps closely mirror the canonical distribution of BPT classes shown by the entire galaxy population, demonstrating that our PC-based taxonomy effectively predicts the dominant ionizing mechanisms through a probabilistic approach that provides a realistic reflection of galaxy activity and allows for refined class membership. Our analysis further reveals that flux- limited BPT-like diagrams are inherently biased against composite and star- forming galaxies due to their weaker [OIII] emission. Besides, it suggests that although most low-activity galaxies excluded from these diagnostics exhibit visual spectra with LINER-like characteristics, their remaining activity is likely driven by mechanisms unrelated to either star formation or supermassive black hole accretion.2025MNRAS.537.1459Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/537/1459CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/515/3956 : PCA characterization of activity in S0shttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1459https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1459http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1459https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1459https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1459http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/537/1459GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/537/1459/tablea1 (DPS-PC3 coordinates, spectral class, probability of BPT type, and activity class inferred from the traditional BPT-NII diagram)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1459/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1459/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/537/1459/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true185.914687846.16683110.0055555555555555563/78 129 140 144 161 170-171 433 436 441 4/257 259-260 266-268 270-271 273 278 282 285 289 291-292 294 299 302 308-309 317 319-320 325-327 330 333-335 337-338 341-343 345-346 348 350 352 354-356 358 365 368-369 371-372 374-375 377 379 381 388 391 399 403 407-408 411 415 454 457-459 465 513-515 520-521 523-525 527 530 533 536-537 539-541 545-546 548-549 551-552 554 557-559 568-569 572-574 580 582-584 590 594 600 609 611-614 618-620 643 649-652 654-655 657-659 662 664-666 672 674 677 679 688 690 696 698-699 701-703 707 711-712 714-716 737-738 744-746 1375 1621-1622 1625 1629-1631 1637 1641-1645 1647-1648 1651-1653 1655-1657 1659-1660 1663 1685-1687 1692 1694-1695 1703 1708-1709 1711-1714 1716 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36812 36814 36816-36818 36832 36861-36863 40959 45023 45039 45043 48983 48989 49007 49009-49011 49020-49022 49077 49079 49084-49085 49087 49091 49100-49101 49103-49106 49108 49112 49114 49150-49151https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/537/1459?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/537/1459/tablea1DPS-PC3 coordinates, spectral class, probability of BPT type, and activity class inferred from the traditional BPT-NII diagramrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintobjIDSDSS object identifiermeta.id;meta.mainPC3Projection of spectrum onto 3rth componentstat.fit.paramfloatDeltaPSDistance from the passive sequencestat.fit.paramfloatSpClass[AC PS TR] Spectral class from Tous et al. (2020MNRAS.495.4135T) (1)src.spTypecharPstarformingProbability of being star forming (2)stat.fit.goodnessfloatPcompositeProbability of being composite (2)stat.fit.goodnessfloatPLINERProbability of being LINER (2)stat.fit.goodnessfloatPSeyfertProbability of being Seyfert (2)stat.fit.goodnessfloatBPTClassActivity class from BPT-NII diagrammeta.code.classcharSloanDisplay the SDSS data for this objectmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SDSS DR 16 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexed_DEPositions from SDSS DR 16 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexed