J/MNRAS/532/4661ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/532/4661doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75324661CDSKirk J.M.Ward-Thompson D.Di Francesco J.Andre P.Bresnahan D.W.,Konyves V.Marsh K.Griffin M.J.Schneider N.Men'shchikov A.,Palmeirim P.Bontemps S.Arzoumanian D.Benedettini M.Pezzuto S.2025-10-01T20:13:42Z2025-09-10T08:42:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsmolecular-cloudsinterstellar-mediumphotometryspectroscopyinfrared-astronomymillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyastrometrymolecular-physicsWe present a catalogue of dense cores and filaments in a 3.8{deg}*2.4{deg} field around the TMC1 region of the Taurus molecular cloud. The catalogue was created using photometric data from the Herschel SPIRE and PACS instruments in the 70, 160, 250, 350, and 500 {mu}m continuum bands. Extended structure in the region was reconstructed from a Herschel column density map. Power spectra and probability density functions (PDFs) of this structure are presented. The PDF splits into lognormal and power-law forms, with the high- density power-law component associated primarily with the central part of TMC1. The total mass in the mapped region is 2000 M_{sun}_, of which 34 per cent is above an extinction of A_V_ ~ 3 mag - a level that appears as a break in the PDF and as the minimum column density at which dense cores are found. A total of 35 dense filaments were extracted from the column density map. These have a typical full width at half-maximum (FWHM) width of 0.07 pc, but the TMC1 filament itself has a mean FWHM of ~ 0.13pc. The thermally supercritical filaments in the region are aligned orthogonal to the prevailing magnetic field direction. Derived properties for the supercritical TMC1 filament support the scenario of it being relatively young. A catalogue of 44 robust and candidate prestellar cores is created and is assessed to be complete down to 0.1 M_{sun}_. The combined prestellar core mass function for the TMC1 and L1495 regions is well fit by a single lognormal distribution and is comparable to the standard initial mass function.2024MNRAS.532.4661Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/532/4661CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/459/342 : Dense cores in Taurus L1495 cloud (Marsh+, 2016)J/A+A/658/A166 : 4 star-forming regions 3D dust density (Dharmawardena+, 2022)J/A+A/645/A55 : Catalogue of cold cores in Perseus (Pezzuto+, 2021)J/A+A/638/A74 : Catalog of dense cores in Oph molecular cloudJ/A+A/630/A137 : Structure and kinematics of the Taurus region (Galli+, 2019)J/A+A/619/A52 : Dense cores and YSOs in Lupus complex (Benedettini+, 2018)J/A+A/615/A125 : Molecular cloud in Corona Australis (Bresnahan+, 2018)J/A+A/594/A28 : Planck Catalogue of Galactic cold clumps (PGCC)J/A+A/584/A91 : Catalog of dense cores in Aquila from HerschelJ/A+A/575/A79 : SPIRE 250um maps of 4 molecular clouds (Schneider+, 2015)J/A+A/487/993 : MAMBO Mapping of c2d Clouds and Cores (Kauffmann+, 2008)J/ApJ/904/172 : Properties of dense cores in Cepheus (Di Francesco+, 2020)J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)J/AJ/162/110 : Gaia EDR3 census of the Taurus-Auriga complexJ/AJ/158/54 : New Taurus members from stellar to planetary massesJ/AJ/156/271 : The stellar membership of the Taurus SFR (Luhman, 2018)VII/7A : Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae (LDN) (Lynds 1962)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/532/4661https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/532/4661http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/532/4661https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/532/4661https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/532/4661http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/532/4661GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb1 (Dense cores identified in the HGBS maps of the TMC1 Region of the TMC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true67.3952526.26805560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb2 (Derived properties of the dense cores identified in the HGBS maps of the TMC1 Region of the TMC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true67.3952526.26805560.0055555555555555565/263 6/1051 1073 1075-10783.972892068905477e-22 2.837779945223663e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/532/4661?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb1Dense cores identified in the HGBS maps of the TMC1 Region of the TMCrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCoreCore source raw number (C.No.)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.maine_F250Mean uncertainty of F250 (errS^tot^_250_)Jystat.errordoubleFWHMH2minMinor FWHM diameters of the core in the high-resolution column density map as estimated by getsources (b_NH2_)arcsecphys.size.sminAxis;phys.columnDensityintDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSig70Detection significance at 70{mu}m PACS filter as explicited in section 6.1 Catalogue creation (Sig_70_)stat.fit.goodness;em.IR.60-100umfloatS70pkPeak flux density at 70{mu}m PACS filter estimated by getsources (S^{peak}^_70_)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100um;stat.maxdoublee_S70pkMean uncertainty of S70peak (errS^{peak}^_70_)Jy/beamstat.errordoubleS70pk/SbgIntensity contrast at 70{mu}m PACS filter (S^peak^_70_/S_bg_) (1)phot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100um;arith.ratiofloatS70smpkPeak flux density estimate at 70{mu}m PACS filter in a uniform 36.3 arcsec beam (S^conv,500^_70_)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100um;stat.maxdoubleF70Integrated flux density at 70{mu}m PACS filter as estimated by getsources (S^tot^_70_)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umdoublee_F70[] Mean uncertainty of F70 (errS^tot^_70_)Jystat.errordoubleFWHMmaj70Major FWHM diameter of the core at 70{mu}m PACS filter as estimated by getsources (a_70_)arcsecphys.size.smajAxis;em.IR.60-100umintCSAR? Counterpart whether the getsources core has a counterpart detected by the CSAR source-finding algorithm (CSAR) (3)meta.codeintnullableFWHMmin70Minor FWHM diameter of the core at 70{mu}m PACS filter as estimated by getsources (b_70_)arcsecphys.size.sminAxis;em.IR.60-100umintPA70Position angle of the core major axis east of north at 70{mu}m PACS filter (PA_70_)degpos.posAng;em.IR.60-100umintSig160Detection significance at 160{mu}m PACS filter as explicited in section 6.1 Catalogue creation (Sig_160_)stat.fit.goodness;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloatS160pkPeak flux density at 160{mu}m PACS filter estimated by getsources (S^peak^_160_)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHz;stat.maxdoublee_S160pkMean uncertainty of S160peak (errS^peak^_160_)Jy/beamstat.errordoubleS160pk/SbgIntensity contrast at 160{mu}m PACS filter (S^peak^_160_/S_bg_) (1)phot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHz;arith.ratiofloatS160smpkPeak flux density estimate at 160{mu}m PACS filter in a uniform 36.3 arcsec beam (S^conv,500^_160_)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHz;stat.maxdoubleF160Integrated flux density at 160{mu}m PACS filter as estimated by getsources (S^tot^_160_)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublee_F160[] Mean uncertainty of F160 (errS^tot^_160_)Jystat.errordoubleFWHMmaj160Major FWHM diameter of the core at 160{mu}m PACS filter as estimated by getsources (a_160_)arcsecphys.size.smajAxis;em.mm.1500-3000GHzintFWHMmin160Minor FWHM diameter of the core at 160{mu}m PACS filter as estimated by getsources (b_160_)arcsecphys.size.sminAxis;em.mm.1500-3000GHzintPA160Position angle of the core major axis east of north at 160{mu}m PACS filter (PA_160_)degpos.posAng;em.mm.1500-3000GHzintSig250Detection significance at 250{mu}m SPIRE filter as explicited in section 6.1 Catalogue creation (Sig_250_)stat.fit.goodness;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatS250pkPeak flux density at 250{mu}m SPIRE filter estimated by getsources (S^peak^_250_)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHz;stat.maxdoublee_S250pkMean uncertainty of S350peak (errS^peak^_350_)Jy/beamstat.errordoubleS250pk/SbgIntensity contrast at 250{mu}m SPIRE filter (S^peak^_250_/S_bg_) (1)phot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHz;arith.ratiofloatS250smpkPeak flux density estimate at 250{mu}m SPIRE filter in a uniform 36.3 arcsec beam (S^peak^_250_)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHz;stat.maxdoubleF250Integrated flux density at 250{mu}m SPIRE filter as estimated by getsources (S^tot^_250_)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoubleFWHMmaj250Major FWHM diameter of the core at 250{mu}m SPIRE filter as estimated by getsources (a_250_)arcsecphys.size.smajAxis;em.mm.750-1500GHzintFWHMmin250Minor FWHM diameter of the core at 250{mu}m SPIRE filter as estimated by getsources (b_250_)arcsecphys.size.sminAxis;em.mm.750-1500GHzintPA250Position angle of the core major axis east of north at 250{mu}m SPIRE filter (PA_250_)degpos.posAng;em.mm.750-1500GHzintSig350Detection significance at 350{mu}m SPIRE filter as explicited in section 6.1 Catalogue creation (Sig_350_)stat.fit.goodness;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatS350pkPeak flux density at 350{mu}m SPIRE filter estimated by getsources (S^peak^_350_)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHz;stat.maxdoublee_S350pkMean uncertainty of S350peak (errS^peak^_350_)Jy/beamstat.errordoubleS350pk/SbgIntensity contrast at 350{mu}m SPIRE filter (S^peak^_350_/S_bg_) (1)phot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHz;arith.ratiofloatS350smpkPeak flux density estimate at 350{mu}m SPIRE filter in a uniform 36.3 arcsec beam (S^conv,500^_{350}_)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHz;stat.maxdoubleF350Integrated flux density at 350{mu}m SPIRE filter as estimated by getsources (S^tot^_350_)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_F350Mean uncertainty of F350 (errS^tot^_350_)Jystat.errordoubleFWHMmaj350Major FWHM diameter of the core at 350{mu}m SPIRE filter as estimated by getsources (a_350_)arcsecphys.size.smajAxis;em.mm.750-1500GHzintFWHMmin350Minor FWHM diameter of the core at 350{mu}m SPIRE filter as estimated by getsources (b_350_)arcsecphys.size.sminAxis;em.mm.750-1500GHzintPA350Position angle of the core major axis east of north at 350{mu}m SPIRE filter (PA_350_)degpos.posAng;em.mm.750-1500GHzintSig500Detection significance at 500{mu}m SPIRE filter as explicited in section 6.1 Catalogue creation (Sig_500_)stat.fit.goodness;em.mm.400-750GHzfloatS500pkPeak flux density at 500{mu}m SPIRE filter estimated by getsources (S^peak^_500_)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHz;stat.maxdoublee_S500pkMean uncertainty of S500peak (errS^peak^_500_)Jy/beamstat.errordoubleS500pk/SbgIntensity contrast at 500{mu}m SPIRE filter (S^peak^_500_/S_bg_) (1)phot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHz;arith.ratiofloatF500Integrated flux density at 500{mu}m SPIRE filter as estimated by getsources (S^tot^_500_)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublee_F500[] Mean uncertainty of F500 (errS^tot^_500_)Jystat.errordoubleFWHMmaj500Major FWHM diameter of the core at 500{mu}m SPIRE filter as estimated by getsources (a_500_)arcsecphys.size.smajAxis;em.mm.400-750GHzintFWHMmin500Minor FWHM diameter of the core at 500{mu}m SPIRE filter as estimated by getsources (b_500_)arcsecphys.size.sminAxis;em.mm.400-750GHzintPA500Position angle of the core major axis east of north at 500{mu}m SPIRE filter (PA_500_)degpos.posAng;em.mm.400-750GHzintSigNH2Detection significance in the high-resolution column density image (Sig_NH2_)stat.fit.goodness;phys.columnDensityfloatNH2pkPeak H_2_ column density as estimated by getsources in the high-resolution column density image (N^peak^_H2_)1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxdoubleNH2pk/NbgColumn density NH_2_ contrast in the high-resolution column density image (N^peak^_H2_/N_bg_) (2)phys.columnDensity;stat.max;arith.ratiofloatNH2smpkPeak H_2_ column density measured in a 36.3 arcsec beam (N^conv,500^_H2_)1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxdoubleNH2bgLocal background H_2_ column density by getsources in the high-resolution column density image (N^bg^_H2_)1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensitydoubleFWHMH2majMajor FWHM diameters of the core in the high-resolution column density map as estimated by getsources (a_NH2_)arcsecphys.size.smajAxis;phys.columnDensityintPAH2Position angle of the core major axis east of north in the high-resolution column density map as estimated by getsources (PA_NH2_)arcsecpos.posAng;phys.columnDensityintNbandNumber of Herschel bands (N_SED_) (4)meta.numberintTypeCore type (Type) (G1)src.classcharHGBSSource name prefix as HGBS_J followed by the label derived from J2000 sexagesimal coordinates (Source_name)meta.idcharJ/MNRAS/532/4661/tableb2Derived properties of the dense cores identified in the HGBS maps of the TMC1 Region of the TMCrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCoreCore source raw number (C.No.)meta.id;meta.mainintHGBSSource name prefix as HGBS_J followed by the label derived from J2000 sexagesimal coordinates (Source_name)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRcoreBGeometrical average between the major and minor FWHM sizes of the core before deconvolution (R_core_before) (1)pcphys.angSize;stat.meanfloatRcoreAGeometrical average between the major and minor FWHM sizes of the core after deconvolution (R_core_after) (1)pcphys.angSize;stat.meanfloatMcoreEstimated core mass assuming the dust opacity law advocated by Roy et al. 2014A&A...562A.138R (M_core_)solMassphys.mass;meta.modelled;arithfloate_McoreMean uncertainty of Mcore (errM_core_) (2)solMassstat.errorfloatTcoreThe SED dust temperature (T_core_)Kphys.temperature;meta.modelled;arithfloate_TcoreMean uncertainty of Tcore (errT_core_) (2)Kstat.errorfloatNH2pkPeak H_2_ column density at the resolution of the 500{mu}m data (N^peak^_H2_) (3)1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.max;em.mm.400-750GHzdoubleNH2avBAverage column density calculated with radius RcoreB (N^ave^_H2_before) (4)1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.mean;meta.modelleddoubleNH2avA? Average column density calculated with radius RcoreA (N^ave^_H2_after) (4)1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.mean;meta.modelleddoublenullablenH2avBAverage volume density calculated with radius RcoreB (n^ave^_H2_before) (5)10000cm**-3phys.density;phys.volume;stat.meandoublenH2avA? Average volume density calculated with radius RcoreA (n^ave^_H2_after) (5)10000cm**-3phys.density;phys.volume;stat.meandoublenullablealphaBonnor-Ebert mass ratio ({alpha}_BE_) (6)phys.mass;arith.ratio;meta.modelledfloatTypeCore type (Type) (G1)src.classcharCommentsWether a SED fit or not where no for 76 and yes for 102 sources in our sample (Comments)meta.codechar