J/MNRAS/522/5788ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/522/5788CDSOsorio-Clavijo N.Gonzalez-Martin O.Sanchez S.F.Guainazzi M.,Cruz-Gonzalez I.2026-09-04T07:37:11Z2026-09-04T08:02:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleigalaxiesspectrophotometryspectroscopyvisible-astronomyx-ray-sourcesastrometryredshiftedgalaxy-classification-systemsastronomical-modelsabsolute-magnitudeline-intensitiesA complete demographic of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is essential to understand the evolution of the Universe. Optical surveys estimate the population of AGNs in the local Universe to be of ~ 4 per cent. However, these results could be biased towards bright sources, not affected by the host galaxy attenuation. An alternative method for detecting these objects is through the X-ray emission. In this work, we aim to complement the AGN population of the optical CALIFA survey (941 sources), by using X-ray data from Chandra, which provides the best spatial resolution to date, essential to isolate the nuclear emission from the host galaxy. We study a total of 138 sources with available data. We find 34 new bona fide AGNs and 23 AGN candidates, which could increase the AGN population to 7-10 per cent among the CALIFA survey. X-rays are particularly useful for low-luminosity AGNs since they are excluded by the criterion of large equivalent width of the H{alpha} emission line when applied to optical selections. Indeed, placing such a restrictive criteria might cause a loss of up to 70 per cent of AGN sources. X-ray detected sources are preferentially located in the right side of the [OIII]/H{beta} versus [NII]/H{alpha} diagram, suggesting that this diagram might be the most reliable at classifying AGN sources. Our results support the idea that multiwavelength studies are the best way to obtain a complete AGN population.2023MNRAS.522.5788Ohttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/522/5788CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/510/4909 : Chandra X-ray's study of LeMMINGs galaxies (Williams+, 2022)J/MNRAS/509/1587 : 4XMM-DR10/CSC2/2SXPS ULX candidates (Walton+, 2022)J/MNRAS/492/3073 : CALIFA galaxies hosting an AGN (Lacerda+, 2020)J/MNRAS/487/4285 : Variable AGN candidates catalog (Pouliasis+, 2019)J/MNRAS/443/1999 : X-ray spectral analysis of AGNs (Brightman+, 2014)J/MNRAS/426/1750 : INTEGRAL/IBIS AGN catalogue (Malizia+, 2012)J/MNRAS/416/1844 : 2XMM ultraluminous X-ray source candidates (Walton+, 2011)J/MNRAS/398/1165 : AGN in nearby galaxies (Goulding+, 2009)J/A+A/594/A36 : CALIFA Survey DR3 list of galaxies (Sanchez+, 2016)J/A+A/576/A135 : CALIFA DR2 (Garcia-Benito+, 2015)J/A+A/564/A125 : AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in the CDFSJ/ApJ/901/159 : MaNGA AGNs from WISE, Swift/BAT, NVSS & FIRSTJ/ApJ/814/11 : Obscured AGNs from XMM-Newton and AKARI (Terashima+, 2015)J/ApJ/728/38 : AEGIS: demographics of X-ray and optical AGN (Yan+, 2011)J/ApJS/248/31 : HST & Chandra obs. of elliptical galaxies (Lehmer+, 2020)J/ApJS/233/17 : Swift/BAT AGN spectroscopic survey. V. X-ray dataJ/ApJS/121/473 : A diagnostic diagram for Seyfert 2 Galaxies (Bassani+, 1999)VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HIhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/522/5788https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/522/5788http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/522/5788https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/522/5788https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/522/5788http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/522/5788GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/522/5788/table1 (Compiled 138 sources with Chandra data available from extended CALIFA sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/5788/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/5788/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/5788/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.33313.1110.0055555555555555566/50 948 975 1679 1700-1701 2227 2251 2311 2388 2412 4178 4719 4801 4993 5075 5241 5482 5523 5530 5596 5695 5757 6046 6103 6241 6261 6532 6539 6968 7036 7214 7309 7584 7941 7997 8195-8196 8492 8557 8673 8705 9190 9381 9468 9640 9882 10144 10182 10210 10379 10401 10512 10515 10518-10519 10523 10628 10637 10752 10769 11026 11314 11435 11443 11525 11832 12025 12241 13128 13401 13529 17492 17502 17662 17667 17745 17773 18071 18241 18790 18800 18935 18941 19432 19661 19954 20254 22361 25888 25890 26055 26102 27719 27738 27761 27765 27830 27862 27910 27912 27914 27938 28075 28221 28249 28251 32482 36793https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/522/5788?format=asciiX-rayOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/522/5788/table1Compiled 138 sources with Chandra data available from extended CALIFA samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the source (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharT3Link to table3.dat datameta.ref.urlcharf_NameFlag for T1 and T2 in this column are the Type-I and Type-II AGN in classified through optical diagnostics which have available Chandra data (f_Name)meta.codecharObsIDObservation ID in the Chandra data base (Obsid)meta.id;obsintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzRedshift (z)src.redshiftdoubleDistDistance (Dist)Mpcpos.distancefloatHTypeHubble type (HT)meta.notecharExpTimeExposure time of the observation (ExpT)kstime.duration;obs.exposurefloatSanchez16Display the CALIFA Survey DR3 list of galaxies of Sanchez et al. 2016A&A...594A..36S, Cat. J/A+A/594/A36meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNEDLink to NED databasemeta.ref.urlcharAssosDisplay the associated VizieR data cataloguesmeta.ref.urlintnullableJ/MNRAS/522/5788/table3Best-fit values of the Gaussian fit for the nuclear sourcerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the source (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharAmpThe amplitude of the nuclear Gaussian (Amp)count.s**-1.pixel**-1src.var.amplitudefloate_Amp? Uncertainty of Amp (errAmp)count.s**-1.pixel**-1stat.errorfloatnullablef_AmpFlag for errors below 0.005meta.codecharbSemi-major axis of the Gaussian (b)arcsecphys.angSize;srcfloate_b? Uncertainty of b (errb)arcsecstat.errorfloatnullablef_bFlag for errors below 0.005meta.codecharb/aRatio between the semi-major and semi-minor axes (b/a)phys.angSize;arith.ratiofloate_b/a? Uncertainty of b/a (errb/a)stat.errorfloatnullablef_b/aFlag for errors below 0.005meta.codecharNoiseThe noise of the image calculated in a source-free region (Noise)count.s**-1.pixel**-1instr.det.noisefloatl_ContLower limit flag of Contmeta.code.errorcharContThe contamination percentage from the extended emission (Cont)%stat.fit.paramfloatJ/MNRAS/522/5788/table4The statistical results of the spectral fits for the nuclear extractionf_dof1Flag for the preferred model between M1, M2, M3 and M4 (PL_M1_f_dof1)meta.codecharBIC1Bayesian Information Criterion value of the PL (M1) fit (PL_M1_BIC1)stat.fit.param;arith;meta.modelledfloatC2C-stat value of the APEC(M2) fit (APEC_M2_C2)stat.fit.param;arith;meta.modelleddoubledof2Degree of freedom value of the APEC(M2) fit (APEC_M2_dof2)stat.fit.dof;arith;meta.modelledintf_dof2Flag for the preferred model between M1, M2, M3 and M4 (APEC_M2_f_dof2)meta.codecharBIC2Bayesian Information Criterion value of the APEC(M2) fit (APEC_M2_BIC2)stat.fit.param;arith;meta.modelleddoubleC3C-stat value of the 2PL (M3) fit (2PL_M3_C3)stat.fit.param;arith;meta.modelledfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameThe name of the source (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharC1C-stat value of the PL (M1) fit (PL_M1_C1)stat.fit.param;arith;meta.modelledfloatdof1Degree of freedom value of the PL (M1) fit (PL_M1_dof1)stat.fit.dof;arith;meta.modelledintdof3Degree of freedom value of the 2PL (M3) fit (2PL_M3_dof3)stat.fit.dof;arith;meta.modelledintf_dof3Flag for the preferred model between M1, M2, M3 and M4 (2PL_M3_f_dof3)meta.codecharBIC3Bayesian Information Criterion value of the 2PL (M3) fit (2PL_M3_BIC3)stat.fit.param;arith;meta.modelledfloatf1-3The f-test flag yes or no value for the comparison between models M1-M3 (f1)meta.codecharC4C-stat value of the A+PL(M4) fit (A+PL_M4_C4)stat.fit.param;arith;meta.modelledfloatdof4Degree of freedom value of the A+PL(M4) fit (A+PL_M4_dof4)stat.fit.dof;arith;meta.modelledintf_dof4Flag for the preferred model between M1, M2, M3 and M4 (A+PL_M4_f_dof4)meta.codecharBIC4Bayesian Information Criterion value of the A+PL(M4) fit (A+PL_M4_BIC4)stat.fit.param;arith;meta.modelledfloatf1-4The f-test flag yes or no value for the comparison between models M1-M4 (f1/2)meta.codecharf2-4The f-test flag yes or no value for the comparison between models M2-M4 (f1/2)meta.codecharJ/MNRAS/522/5788/tablea1*Best-fitting values for the spectral analysis of the spectroscopic sampleGamma1? The photon indices of the power law using the M1 fit model ({Gamma}M1)spect.index;meta.modelledfloatnullablee_Gamma4? Lower error of Gamma4 (err{Gamma}M4)stat.errorfloatnullablef_Gamma4Flag for NGC6125 source without uncertainties and upper/lower flagmeta.codecharl_kBT4Lower limit flag of kBT4meta.code.errorcharkBT4? The temperature of the plasma or neutral material using the M4 fit model (kTM4)keVphys.temperature;meta.modelledfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the source (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharTypeAGN classification according to the spectral analysis (Type)src.classcharl_log(nH)1Upper limit flag of log(nH)1meta.code.errorcharlog(nH)1? The column density with obscuration in the line of sight using the M1 fit model (logN_H_M1)log(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;meta.modelledfloatnullableE_log(nH)1? Upper error of log(nH)1 (ErrlogN_H_M1)log(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_log(nH)1? Lower error of log(nH)1 (errlogN_H_M1)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_Gamma1Lower limit flag of Gamma1meta.code.errorcharE_Gamma1? Upper error of Gamma1 (Err{Gamma}M1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Gamma1? Lower error of Gamma1 (err{Gamma}M1)stat.errorfloatnullablekBT2? The temperature of the plasma or neutral material using the M2 fit model (kTM2)keVphys.temperature;meta.modelledfloatnullableE_kBT2? Upper error of kBT2 (ErrkTM2)keVstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_kBT2? Lower error of kBT2 (errkTM2)keVstat.errorfloatnullablelog(nH)2? The column density with obscuration in the line of sight using the M2 fit model (logN_H_M2)log(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;meta.modelledfloatnullableE_log(nH)2? Upper error of log(nH)2 (ErrlogN_H_M2)log(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_log(nH)2? Lower error of log(nH)2 (errlogN_H_M2)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_Gamma3Upper limit flag of Gamma3meta.code.errorcharGamma3? The photon indices of the power law using the M3 fit model ({Gamma}M3)spect.index;meta.modelledfloatnullableE_Gamma3? Upper error of Gamma3 (Err{Gamma}M3)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Gamma3? Lower error of Gamma3 (err{Gamma}M3)stat.errorfloatnullablel_Cfrac3Upper limit flag of Cfrac3meta.code.errorcharCfrac3? Covering fraction of the source using M3 fit model (CfracM3)phys.size;arith.ratio;meta.modelledfloatnullableE_Cfrac3? Upper error of Cfrac3 (ErrCfracM3)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Cfrac3? Lower error of Cfrac3 (errCfracM3)stat.errorfloatnullablel_log(nH)3Upper limit flag of log(nH)3meta.code.errorcharlog(nH)3? The column density with obscuration in the line of sight using the M3 fit model (logN_H_M3)log(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;meta.modelledfloatnullableE_log(nH)3? Upper error of log(nH)3 (ErrlogN_H_M3)log(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_log(nH)3? Lower error of log(nH)3 (errlogN_H_M3)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_Gamma4Upper or lower limit flag of Gamma4meta.code.errorcharGamma4? The photon indices of the power law using the M4 fit model ({Gamma}M4)spect.index;meta.modelledfloatnullableE_Gamma4? Upper error of Gamma4 (Err{Gamma}M4)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableE_kBT4? Upper error of kBT4 (ErrkTM4)keVstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_kBT4? Lower error of kBT4 (errkTM4)keVstat.errorfloatnullablelogL2-10keVLogarithm of the Xray lumnosity from 2 to 10 keV (logL2-10keV)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloate_logL2-10keVError of logL2-10keV (errlogL2-10keV)log(1e-07W)stat.errorfloatl_logLOIIIUpper limit flag of logLOIIImeta.code.errorcharlogLOIIILogarithm of the oxygen O III line luminosity (logLOIII)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;spect.line;em.line.OIIIfloate_logLOIII? Error of logLOIII (errlogLOIII)log(1e-07W)stat.errorfloatnullablel_kBT2Lower limit flag of kBT2meta.code.errorcharJ/MNRAS/522/5788/tablec1*Emission line flux ratios measured in three different regions of the galaxiese_[SII/Ha]re? Uncertainty of [SII/Ha]re (errRe[SII/Ha])stat.errorfloatnullablel_[OI/Ha]reUpper limit flag of [OI/Ha]remeta.code.error;phys.abundchar[OI/Ha]reLine flux ratio between OI and H{alpha} for effective radius Re (Re[OI/Ha])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[OI/Ha]re? Uncertainty of [OI/Ha]re (errRe[OI/Ha])stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullablel_EW(Ha)reUpper limit flag of EW(Ha)cmeta.code.errorcharEW(Ha)reEquivalent width of H{alpha} for effective radius Re (ReEWHa)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EW(Ha)re[]? Uncertainty of EW(Ha)c (errReEWHa)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablel_[NII/Ha]allUpper limit flag of [NII/Ha]allmeta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the source (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharl_[NII/Ha]cUpper limit flag of [NII/Ha]cmeta.code.errorchar[NII/Ha]cLine flux ratio between N II and H{alpha} for central CALIFA (Centre[NII/Ha])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[NII/Ha]c? Uncertainty of [NII/Ha]c (errCentre[NII/Ha])stat.errorfloatnullablel_[OIII/Hb]cUpper limit flag of [OIII/Hb]cmeta.code.errorchar[OIII/Hb]cLine flux ratio between OIII and H{beta} for central CALIFA (Centre[OIII/Hb])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[OIII/Hb]c? Uncertainty of [OIII/Hb]c (errCentre[OIII/Hb])stat.errorfloatnullablel_[SII/Ha]cUpper limit flag of [SII/Ha]cmeta.code.errorchar[SII/Ha]cLine flux ratio between SII and H{alpha} for central CALIFA (Centre[SII/Ha])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[SII/Ha]c? Uncertainty of [SII/Ha]c (errCentre[SII/Ha])stat.errorfloatnullablel_[OI/Ha]cUpper limit flag of [OI/Ha]cmeta.code.error;phys.abundchar[OI/Ha]cLine flux ratio between OI and H{alpha} for central CALIFA (Centre[OI/Ha])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[OI/Ha]c? Uncertainty of [OI/Ha]c (errCentre[OI/Ha])stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullablel_EW(Ha)cUpper limit flag of EW(Ha)cmeta.code.errorcharEW(Ha)cEquivalent width of H{alpha} for central CALIFA (CentreEWHa)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EW(Ha)c[]? Uncertainty of EW(Ha)c (errCentreEWHa)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablel_[NII/Ha]reUpper limit flag of [NII/Ha]remeta.code.errorchar[NII/Ha]reLine flux ratio between N II and H{alpha} for effective radius Re (Re[NII/Ha])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[NII/Ha]re? Uncertainty of [NII/Ha]re (errRe[NII/Ha])stat.errorfloatnullable[OIII/Hb]reLine flux ratio between OIII and H{beta} for effective radius Re (Re[OIII/Hb])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[OIII/Hb]re[] Uncertainty of [OIII/Hb]re (errRe[OIII/Hb])stat.errorfloatl_[SII/Ha]reUpper limit flag of [SII/Ha]remeta.code.errorchar[SII/Ha]reLine flux ratio between SII and H{alpha} for effective radius Re (Re[SII/Ha])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloat[NII/Ha]allLine flux ratio between N II and H{alpha} for all entire galaxy (All[NII/Ha])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[NII/Ha]all? Uncertainty of [NII/Ha]all (errAll[NII/Ha])stat.errorfloatnullablel_[OIII/Hb]allUpper limit flag of [OIII/Hb]allmeta.code.errorchar[OIII/Hb]allLine flux ratio between OIII and H{beta} for all entire galaxy (All[OIII/Hb])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[OIII/Hb]all? Uncertainty of [OIII/Hb]all (errAll[OIII/Hb])stat.errorfloatnullablel_[SII/Ha]allUpper limit flag of [SII/Ha]allmeta.code.errorchar[SII/Ha]allLine flux ratio between SII and H{alpha} for all entire galaxy (All[SII/Ha])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[SII/Ha]all? Uncertainty of [SII/Ha]all (errAll[SII/Ha])stat.errorfloatnullablel_[OI/Ha]allUpper limit flag of [OI/Ha]allmeta.code.error;phys.abundchar[OI/Ha]allLine flux ratio between OI and H{alpha} for all entire galaxy (All[OI/Ha])spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.optfloate_[OI/Ha]all? Uncertainty of [OI/Ha]all (errAll[OI/Ha])stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullablel_EW(Ha)allUpper limit flag of EW(Ha)cmeta.code.errorcharEW(Ha)allEquivalent width of H{alpha} for all entire galaxy (AllEWHa)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EW(Ha)all[]? Uncertainty of EW(Ha)c (errAllEWHa)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullable