J/MNRAS/522/2369ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/522/2369CDSScheuermann F.Kreckel K.Barnes A.T.Belfiore F.Groves B.Hannon S.,Lee J.C.Minsley R.Rosolowsky E.Bigiel F.Blanc G.A.Boquien M.,Dale D.A.Deger S.Egorov O.V.Emsellem E.Glover S.C.O.Grasha K.,Hassani H.Jeffreson S.M.R.Klessen R.S.Kruijssen J.M.D.Larson K.L.,Leroy A.K.Lopez L.A.Pan H.-A.Sanchez-Blazquez P.Santoro F.,Schinnerer E.Thilker D.A.Whitmore B.C.Watkins E.J.Williams T.G.2026-09-03T14:23:37Z2026-09-03T15:21:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesh-ii-regionsnebulaeinterstellar-mediumstellar-associationsspectroscopyvisible-astronomyphotometryultraviolet-astronomyinfrared-astronomystar-forming-regionsline-intensitieschemical-abundancesastrometrystellar-agesstellar-massesextinctionConnecting the gas in H II regions to the underlying source of the ionizing radiation can help us constrain the physical processes of stellar feedback and how H II regions evolve over time. With PHANGS-MUSE, we detect nearly 24000 H II regions across 19 galaxies and measure the physical properties of the ionized gas (e.g. metallicity, ionization parameter, and density). We use catalogues of multiscale stellar associations from PHANGS-HST to obtain constraints on the age of the ionizing sources. We construct a matched catalogue of 4177 H II regions that are clearly linked to a single ionizing association. A weak anticorrelation is observed between the association ages and the H{alpha} equivalent width EW(H{alpha}), the H{alpha}/FUV flux ratio, and the ionization parameter, logq. As all three are expected to decrease as the stellar population ages, this could indicate that we observe an evolutionary sequence. This interpretation is further supported by correlations between all three properties. Interpreting these as evolutionary tracers, we find younger nebulae to be more attenuated by dust and closer to giant molecular clouds, in line with recent models of feedback-regulated star formation. We also observe strong correlations with the local metallicity variations and all three proposed age tracers, suggestive of star formation preferentially occurring in locations of locally enhanced metallicity. Overall, EW(H{alpha}) and logq show the most consistent trends and appear to be most reliable tracers for the age of an H II region.2023MNRAS.522.2369Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/522/2369CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/520/4902 : The PHANGS-MUSE nebular catalogue (Groves+, 2023)J/MNRAS/520/63 : Cl* ages, masses and extinctions of 4 galaxiesJ/MNRAS/512/1294 : HST study of star cluster in LEGUS galaxies (Hannon+, 2022)J/MNRAS/511/6087 : PNes and SNRs in nearby galaxies (Scheuermann+, 2022)J/MNRAS/508/5425 : Study of NGC 300 objects with dendogram (McLeod+, 2021)J/MNRAS/405/857 : Star clusters in NGC 3256 (Goddard+, 2010)J/ApJ/887/80 : Gas phase oxygen abundances for HII regions (Kreckel+, 2019)J/ApJ/850/207 : Action dynamics of the Local Supercluster (Shaya+, 2017)J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)J/ApJ/841/92 : Young massive star clusters in 2 LEGUS galaxies (Ryon+,2017)J/ApJ/789/81 : Multiwavelength survey of HII regions in NGC 300J/ApJ/755/40 : HII regions in the Magellanic clouds from MCELSJ/ApJ/714/L285 : YSO candidates in M17 SWex (Povich+, 2010)J/ApJ/706/599 : H{alpha} and UV SFR in the local volume (Lee+, 2009)J/A+A/666/A29 : M83 PNe in MUSE+HST dataset (Della+, 2022)J/A+A/662/L6 : Properties of HII regions in NGC1672 (Barnes+, 2022)J/A+A/658/A188 : PHANGS-MUSE sample HII regions catalog (Santoro+, 2022)J/A+A/622/A103 : Python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (Boquien+, 2019)J/A+A/615/A40 : OB stars in N206 in the LMC (Ramachandran+, 2018)J/A+A/537/A146 : Stellar models with rotation. 0.8<M<120, Z=0.014J/ApJS/257/43 : PHANGS-ALMA: arcsecond CO(2-1) imaging of galaxiesJ/ApJS/132/37 : Spectroscopy of Southern warm IR galaxies (Kewley+, 2001)J/AJ/138/332 : LEDA CMD/tip of the red giant branch (Jacobs+, 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/522/2369https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/522/2369http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/522/2369https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/522/2369https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/522/2369http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/522/2369GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/522/2369/table1 (*Astrometrics informations of our the PHANGS-MUSE galaxy sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/2369/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/2369/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/2369/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true353.6145-36.10105560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/522/2369/matched (HST photometry, astrometrics, spectroscopic and stellar properties of the matched H II region and stellar association overlap with exactly one-to-one overlap respectively)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/2369/matched?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/2369/matched?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/2369/matched?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true353.6307939024891-36.0969317447403950.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/522/2369/nebulae (Spectroscopic EW and luminosity Ha and Hb of detected nebulae in 19 PHANGS-MUSE galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/2369/nebulae?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/2369/nebulae?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/2369/nebulae?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true353.62470114099943-36.077011988911660.0055555555555555566/17747 17753 18398 24912 26303 27514 27728 27861 28033 28035 28167 33920-33921 33958 34343 34382 34404 34531 36134 36261 40328 46481 465492.0401237512456292e-19 7.605786964834612e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/522/2369?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/522/2369/table1*Astrometrics informations of our the PHANGS-MUSE galaxy sampleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharGalaxyName of the galaxymeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistDistance from Anand et al. (2021MNRAS.501.3621A) (Distance)Mpcpos.distancefloate_DistError of DistMpcstat.errorfloatResResolution based on the average value of all MUSE pointings in that galaxy (Resolution)pcpos.angResolutionfloatNHIIThe number of H II regions only includes inside the overlapping FoV of HST and MUSE (NHII)meta.numberintNascThe number of stellar associations only includes inside the overlapping FoV of HST and MUSE (Nasc)meta.numberintNmatchThe number of objects in the one-to-one sample matched.dat (Nmatch)meta.numberintSantoro22Display the PHANGS-MUSE sample HII regions catalog of Santoro et al. 2022A&A...658A.188S, Cat. J/A+A/658/A188meta.ref.urlcharGroves23Display the PHANGS-MUSE nebular catalog of Groves et al. 2023MNRAS.520.4902G, Cat. J/MNRAS/520/4902meta.ref.urlcharJ/MNRAS/522/2369/matchedHST photometry, astrometrics, spectroscopic and stellar properties of the matched H II region and stellar association overlap with exactly one-to-one overlap respectivelyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegionID of the H II region (region_ID)meta.id;obs.fieldfloatAssocID of the stellar association (assoc_ID)meta.id.assocfloatRAJ2000Right ascension of the nebulae (J2000) (ra_neb)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of the nebulae (J2000) (dec_neb)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRAascdegRight ascension of the stellar association (J2000) (ra_asc)degpos.eq.raDEascdegDeclination of the stellar association (J2000) (dec_asc)degpos.eq.decOvernebOverlap percentage with stellar association (overlap_neb)stat.fit.paramdoubleOverascOverlap percentage with H II region (overlap_asc)stat.fit.paramdoubleNeigNumber of neighbouring H II regions (neighbors)meta.numberfloatLHa6562Extinction corrected H{alpha}6562 luminosity (HA6562_lum)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.line.Halphadoublee_LHa6562Error of LHa6562 (HA6562_lum_err)1e-07Wstat.errordoubleE(B-V)blmColour excess from the Balmer decrement (EBV_balmer)phot.color.excessdoublee_E(B-V)blmError of E(B-V)blm (EBV_balmer_err)stat.errordoubleE(B-V)stColour excess from the SED fit (EBV_stellar)phot.color.excessdoublee_E(B-V)st? Error of E(B-V)stel (EBV_stellar_err)stat.errorfloatnullableAgeAge of the stellar association (age)Myrmeta.id.assoc;time.agedoublee_Age? Error of Age (age_err)Myrstat.error;time.agefloatnullableM? Mass of the stellar association (mass)solMassphys.massdoublenullablee_M? Error of Mass (mass_err)solMassstat.errordoublenullableFNUV? Flux in HST F275W NUV band (NUV_flux)mJyphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmdoublenullablee_FNUV? Error in FNUV (NUV_flux_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableFU? Flux in HST F336W U band (U_flux)mJyphot.mag;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_FU? Error in FU (U_flux_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableFB? Flux in HST F438W B band (B_flux)mJyphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_FB? Error in FB (B_flux_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableFV? Flux in HST F555W V band (V_flux)mJyphot.mag;em.opt.Vdoublenullablee_FV? Error in FV (V_flux_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableFI? Flux in HST F814W I band (I_flux)mJyphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_FI? Error in FI (I_flux_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableHa/FUV? H{alpha} to FUV flux ratio extinction corrected (HA/FUV)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullablee_Ha/FUV? Error of Ha/FUV (HA/FUV_err)stat.errordoublenullableEW(Ha)? H{alpha} equivalent width (EW_HA)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_EW(Ha)? Error of EW (Ha) (EW_HA_err)0.1nmstat.errordoublenullableEW(Ha)cor? Background corrected EW (Halpha) (EW_HA_corr)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_EW(Ha)cor? Error of EW(Ha)cor (EW_HA_corr_err)0.1nmstat.errordoublenullablelog(q)? Ionization parameter logq (logq)phys.ionizParam.raddoublenullablee_log(q)? Error of log (q) (logq_err)stat.errordoublenullableD[O/H]? Local metallicity offset {Delta} (O/H) (Delta_met_scal)phys.abunddoublenullableNe? Electron density (density)cm**-3phys.densitydoublenullablee_Ne? Electron density (density_err)cm**-3stat.errordoublenullableGMCsep? Distance to nearest GMC giant molecular clouds (GMC_sep)pcpos.distancedoublenullableSantoro22Display the PHANGS-MUSE sample HII regions catalog of Santoro et al. 2022A&A...658A.188S, Cat. J/A+A/658/A188meta.ref.urlcharGroves23Display the PHANGS-MUSE nebular catalog of Groves et al. 2023MNRAS.520.4902G, Cat. J/MNRAS/520/4902meta.ref.urlcharGalaxyName of the galaxy (gal_name)meta.id;meta.maincharOverlapFlag for overlap isolated, partial, contain (overlap)meta.code.errorcharEnvirGalactic environment e.g. bar, centre, and disc (environment)meta.codecharJ/MNRAS/522/2369/nebulaeSpectroscopic EW and luminosity Ha and Hb of detected nebulae in 19 PHANGS-MUSE galaxiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegionID of the H II region (region_ID)meta.id;obs.fieldfloatRAJ2000Right ascension of the nebulae (J2000) (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination of the nebulae (J2000) (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedLHa? The H{alpha} luminosity (HA)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.line.Halphadoublenullablee_LHa? Error of LHa (HA_err)1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableLHacontThe H{alpha} continuum luminosity (continuum_HA)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.line.Halphadoublee_LHacontError of LHacont (continuum_HA_err)1e-07Wstat.errordoubleLHabkg? The H{alpha} background continuum luminosity (continuum_HA_bkg)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.line.Halphadoublenullablee_LHabkg? Error of LHabkg (continuum_HA_bkg_err)1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableEW(Ha)? The H{alpha} equivalent width (EW_HA)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_EW(Ha)? Error of EW (Ha) (EW_HA_err)0.1nmstat.errordoublenullableEW(Ha)cor? Background corrected EW (Halpha) (EW_HA_corr)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_EW(Ha)cor? Error of EW(Ha)cor (EW_HA_corr_err)0.1nmstat.errordoublenullableLHb? The H{beta} luminosity (HB)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.line.Hbetadoublenullablee_LHb? Error of LHb (HB_err)1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableLHbcontThe H{beta} continuum luminosity (continuum_HB)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.line.Hbetadoublee_LHbcontError of LHbcont (continuum_HB_err)1e-07Wstat.errordoubleLHbbkg? The H{beta} background continuum luminosity (continuum_HB_bkg)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.line.Hbetadoublenullablee_LHbbkg? Error of LHbbkg (continuum_HB_bkg_err)1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableEW(Hb)? The H{beta} equivalent width (EW_HB)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_EW(Hb)? Error of EW (Hb) (EW_HB_err)0.1nmstat.errordoublenullableEW(Hb)cor? Background corrected EW (Hbeta) (EW_HB_corr)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_EW(Hb)cor? Error of EW(Hb)cor (EW_HB_corr_err)0.1nmstat.errordoublenullableSantoro22Display the PHANGS-MUSE sample HII regions catalog of Santoro et al. 2022A&A...658A.188S, Cat. J/A+A/658/A188meta.ref.urlcharGroves23Display the PHANGS-MUSE nebular catalog of Groves et al. 2023MNRAS.520.4902G, Cat. J/MNRAS/520/4902meta.ref.urlcharGalaxyName of the galaxy (gal_name)meta.id;meta.maincharTmatchedLink to matched.datmeta.ref.urlchar