J/MNRAS/522/1288ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/522/1288CDSBriceno-Morales G.Chaname J.2026-07-27T13:23:56Z2026-07-27T14:08:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxystellar-associationsastrometryphotometryvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxproper-motionsradial-velocityabsolute-magnitudeThe improved astrometry precision of Gaia-eDR3 allows us to perform a detailed study of the Upper Scorpius OB association and revisit its spatial, kinematic, and age substructure. We achieve this by combining clustering techniques and complementing with age estimations based on Gaia photometry. Our census retrieves 3661 candidate members for Upper Scorpius with contamination ~9 per cent. We also extract an astrometrically clean sample of 3004 sources with contamination ~6 per cent. We show that Upper Scorpius can be divided into at least three main kinematic groups. We systematically investigate and characterize the Upper Scorpius' internal structure, revealing that at least ~34 per cent of its stellar populations are contained in seven spatial substructures, with well defined boundaries, kinematics, and relative ages with suggested names: {pi} Scorpii (20^+/-2^_+/-1_ Myr), {alpha} Scorpii (14^+/-2^_+/-1_ Myr), {delta} Scorpii (9^+/-2^_+/-1_ Myr), {beta} Scorpii (8^+/-1^_+/-1_ Myr), {omega} Scorpii (8^+/-1^_+/-1_ Myr), v Scorpii (7^+/-1^_+/-1_ Myr), after their brightest member, and the well known {rho} Ophiuchi (4^+/-1^_+/-1_ Myr). We find a clear correlation in (1) density-age, providing an empirical expansion law to be tested in other associations, and (2) tangential velocity-age, providing constrains on the dynamics of these substructures and the position of potential past triggering events. We estimate the time at which four potential supernovae events occurred in Upper Scorpius. Based on these findings, we tie together previous work on the region and suggest a star formation history with unprecedented temporal resolution.2023MNRAS.522.1288Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/522/1288CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)J/MNRAS/435/2474 : USco ZYJHK1K2 photometry and proper motions (Lodieu+, 2013)J/MNRAS/410/190 : Young runaway stars within 3kpc (Tetzlaff+, 2011)J/A+A/623/A112 : The Sco OB2 population from Gaia DR2 data (Damiani+, 2019)J/A+A/618/A12 : Gaia DR1 Upper Scorpius new member candidatesJ/A+A/608/A102 : APEX CO and HI observations of Lupus I (Gaczkowski+, 2017)J/A+A/555/A24 : Aperture-synthesis imaging of Antares (Ohnaka+, 2013)J/A+A/537/A146 : Stellar models with rotation. 0.8<M<120, Z=0.014J/A+A/512/A83 : Velocities of interstellar lines in Sco-Cen (Poeppel+, 2010)J/ApJ/917/23 : SPYGLASS. I. Mapping young stellar structures (Kerr+, 2021)J/ApJ/766/119 : Radial velocities of {delta} Sco (Miroshnichenko+, 2013)J/ApJ/746/154 : Improved kinematic parallaxes for Sco-Cen membersJ/ApJS/235/6 : Updated Multiple Star Catalog (MSC): Dec 2023J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS starsJ/AJ/163/24 : Stellar populations in the Sco-Cen complex (Luhman, 2022)J/AJ/160/44 : Upper Scorpius spectroscopy and photometry (Luhman+, 2020)J/AJ/159/282 : Membership in Ophiuchus & Upper Scorpius complexJ/AJ/156/76 : New young stars and brown dwarfs in Upper Sco (Luhman+,2018)J/AJ/154/256 : VLM stars and BDs in Upper Sco using Gaia DR1 (Cook+, 2017)VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/522/1288https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/522/1288http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/522/1288https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/522/1288https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/522/1288http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/522/1288GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/522/1288/table (Properties of candidate members of the Upper Scorpius Kinematic Group.)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/1288/table?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/1288/table?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/522/1288/table?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true245.3737022998155-16.93445590211380.0055555555555555563/671 4/2681 2683 2769 2772 5/7328 7336 7338 7680 10699 10702-10703 10714-10715 10718-10719 10721 10723 10729 10731 11073 11075 11081 11083-11085 11087 11092-11094 11096-11097 11099-11100 11108 11124 6/29218-29219 29224 29226-29228 29230-29231 29316 29318 29320 29322-29323 29326 29348 29356 29358 30728 30730-30731 30752 30754 30756 30760 30762-30763 30850-30851 30856 42787 42790-42791 42793 42795 42802-42803 42806-42807 42850-42851 42854-42855 42866-42867 42870-42871 42881 42883 42889 42891 42913 42915 42921 42923 44289 44291 44297 44299 44321 44323 44329 44331 44345-44347 44380-44382 44392-44394 44404-44405 44407-44410 44412 44419-44422 44436 44438-44441 44444-44445 44480-44481 44483 44485-44486 44488-44489 44492 44500-44501 44504 44509 445111.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/522/1288?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/522/1288/tableProperties of candidate members of the Upper Scorpius Kinematic Group.recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVlexpExpected tangential velocity in the l direction (vl_exp)km/sphys.velocdoubleVbexpExpected tangential velocity in the b direction (vb_exp)km/sphys.velocdoubleVcore? The Vcore as core volume of each substructure and core mass enclosed by this volume 4{pi}{epsilon}_min_^3^/3 as in sect. 4.3.5 (V_core)km/sphys.volumedoublenullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedGaiaEDR3Source identifier number from Gaia eDR3 (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainMiret-Roig22Display the Upper Scorpius members of Miret-Roig et al. 2022NatAs...6...89M, Cat. J/other/NatAs/6.89meta.ref.urlintnullableRA_ICRSRight ascension from Gaia eDR3 (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RA_ICRSError in ra from Gaia eDR3 (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (ra_error)degstat.error;pos.eq.radoubleDE_ICRSDeclination from Gaia eDR3 (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DE_ICRSError in dec from Gaia eDR3 (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (dec_error)degstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublePlxParallax from Gaia eDR3 at the Ep=2016.0 (parallax)maspos.parallaxdoublee_PlxError in parallax from Gaia eDR3 at the Ep=2016.0 (parallax_error)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublepmRAProper motion in ra from Gaia eDR3 (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (pmra)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAError in pmra from Gaia eDR3 (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (pmra_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in dec from Gaia eDR3 (pmdec)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEError in pmdec from Gaia eDR3 (pmdec_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleIPDgofhaAmplitude of the Image Parameter Determination Goodness of Fit versus position angle of scan (ipd_gof_harmonic_amplitude)stat.fit.paramdoubleIPDfmpPercent of successful-Image Parameter Determination windows with more than one peak (ipd_frac_multi_peak)stat.fit.paramintRUWERenormalized unit weight error from Gaia eDR3 (ruwe)stat.errordoubleGmag? Magnitude in the G band from Gaia eDR3 (phot_g_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.optdoublenullableRPmag? Magnitude in the GRP band from Gaia eDR3 (phot_rp_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.opt.RdoublenullableRVDR2Radial velocity from Gaia DR2 (dr2_radial_velocity)km/sphys.veloc;pos.barycenterdoublee_RVDR2? Error in radial velocity from Gaia DR2 (dr2_radial_velocity_error)km/sstat.errordoublenullableGLONGalactic longitude (l)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (b)degpos.galactic.latdoublepmGLONProper motion in the l direction (pml)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.dirCosdoublepmGLATProper motion in the b direction (pmb)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.dirCosdoubleVlTangential velocity in the l direction (vl)km/sphys.veloc.transversedoubleVbTangential velocity in the b coordinate (vb)km/sphys.veloc.transversedoubleXCartesian heliocentric coordinate in the direction of the Galactic centre (X)pcpos.frame;pos.cartesian;pos.heliocentricdoubleYCartesian heliocentric coordinate in the direction of the Galactic rotation (Y)pcpos.frame;pos.heliocentric;pos.cartesiandoubleZCartesian heliocentric coordinate in the direction of the North Galactic Pole (Z)pcpos.frame;pos.heliocentric;pos.cartesiandoublePuscoOldKGUSco Old KG posterior probability from the third GM fit (p_usco_old_kg)stat.fit.goodnessdoublePrhoOphKGThe {rho} Ophiuchi KG posterior probability from the third GM fit (p_rho_oph_kg)stat.fit.goodnessdoublePuscoYKGUSco Young KG posterior probability from the third GM fit (p_usco_young_kg)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleD? Distance by inversion of parallax (distance)pcpos.distance;pos.parallaxdoublenullableGMag? Absolute magnitude in the G band (M_g)magphys.magAbsdoublenullableEpsilon? The {epsilon} value yielded by OPTICS (epsilon)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableSubstructureLabel assigned by OPTICS (substructure) (1)meta.codechar