J/MNRAS/520/5870ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/520/5870CDSGiri G.Barway S.Raychaudhury S.2026-06-12T09:08:41Z2026-06-12T10:02:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinteracting-galaxiesgalaxy-classification-systemsphotometryvisible-astronomyastrometryWe search for signatures of recent galaxy close interactions and mergers in a sample of 202 early-type galaxies in the local universe from the public SDSS Stripe82 deep images ({mu}r ~ 28.5 mag arcsec^-2^). Using two different methods to remove galaxies' smooth and symmetric light distribution, we identify and characterize 11 distinct types of merger remnants embedded in the diffuse light of these early-type galaxies. We discuss how the morphology of merger remnants can result from different kinds of minor and major mergers, and estimate the fraction of early-type galaxies in the local universe with evidence of recent major (27 per cent) and minor (57 per cent) mergers. The merger fractions deduced are higher than in several earlier surveys. Among remnants, we find that shells are the dominant merger debris (54 per cent) associated with early-type galaxies, resulting from both major and minor mergers, with those characteristics of major mergers being significant (24 per cent of shell host galaxies). The most uncommon merger-related structures are boxy isophotes of the stellar distribution and the presence of disc fragments near the cores of galaxies. We develop a classification scheme for these fine structures that may be used to infer their likely genesis histories. The classification is primarily based on the mass ratios of the merged galaxies. This work, when combined with predictions from numerical simulations, indicates that most (if not all) early-type galaxies in the local Universe are continually evolving as a result of (minor) merger activities.2023MNRAS.520.5870Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/520/5870CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/499/3399 : Long tidal tails in merging galaxies (Ren+, 2020)J/MNRAS/471/4027 : CVRHS classifications for the GZ2 Ring Sample (Buta, 2017)J/MNRAS/456/1359 : IAC Stripe 82 Legacy Project: Photometry (Fliri+, 2016)J/MNRAS/446/120 : ATLAS3D project. XXIX (Duc+, 2015)J/MNRAS/435/2835 : Morphological types from Galaxy Zoo 2 (Willett+, 2013)J/MNRAS/416/1680 : ATLAS3D project. VII. (Cappellari+, 2011)J/MNRAS/406/382 : Early-type galaxies in the SDSS Stripe82 (Kaviraj, 2010)J/ApJ/857/144 : Tidal features from RESOLVE survey & DECaLS imagesJ/ApJ/697/1369 : GOODS Ks-selected multiwavelength compilations (Bundy+,2009)J/ApJ/685/235 : Host and companion galaxies in the SDSS (Patton+, 2008)J/A+A/640/A38 : gr images of 20 isolated early-type galaxiesJ/A+A/631/A87 : Close pairs of galaxies in MUSE Deep Fields (Ventou+, 2019)J/A+A/602/A100 : Merging groups and clusters from the SDSS dataJ/A+A/597/A134 : Kohonen selected E+A galaxies from SDSS DR7J/ApJ/565/208 : Galaxy pairs in the CNOC2 Redshift Survey (Patton+, 2002)J/ApJS/217/32 : S4G galaxy morphologies in the CVRHS system (Buta+, 2015)J/ApJS/186/427 : Detailed morphology of SDSS galaxies (Nair+, 2010)J/ApJS/181/572 : Collisional ring galaxies atlas (Madore+, 2009)J/AJ/134/579 : Morphologically classified galaxies from SDSS DR3J/AJ/129/2138 : Centers of early-type galaxies with HST (Lauer+, 2005)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/520/5870https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/520/5870http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/520/5870https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/520/5870https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/520/5870http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/520/5870GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/520/5870/table3 (Merger Catalogue of Early-type Galaxies with z<=0.05 and petrosian radius R_P90_=>10")https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/520/5870/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/520/5870/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/520/5870/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true311.76377950.43679730.0055555555555555565/4502 5798 6/12290 17662-17663 17743 17745 17747 17750 17753-17754 17756-17757 17764 17768 17770 17773 17777 17784 17806-17807 17810-17811 17813 17815-17816 17818 17821 17828 17838 17983 17998 18002-18005 18013-18014 18017-18022 18024-18025 18028 18030 18032 18061 18066 18074 18083-18084 18087 18092-18093 18098 18114 18686 18767 18769 18773 18775 18778-18779 18786 18788 18792 18794 18830 18837 18839 18845 18851 18855 18858 18865-18866 18883 19007 19023 19031 19047 19049 19058 19091 19101 19120-19121 19201 23101 23150 23182 23186 23196-23197 23201-23204 23206 23208 23211 23216 23218 23233 30036 30041 30044https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/520/5870?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/520/5870/table3Merger Catalogue of Early-type Galaxies with z<=0.05 and petrosian radius R_P90_=>10"recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSDSSEarly-type galaxy SDSS names as SDSS JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s (SDSS_name)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainStrucMerger structure characteristic from type of structure as proposed in the classification scheme discussed (Structure) (1)meta.code;src.morphcharFileNameThe linked file name of the merger (File_name)meta.id;meta.filecharn_StrucThe corresponded work comment on morphologies and structures (Comments)meta.notecharFliri16Display the IAC Stripe 82 Legacy Project photometric parameters for SDSS Stripe 82 region from Fliri & Trujillo 2016MNRAS.456.1359F, Cat. J/MNRAS/456/1359meta.ref.urlintnullableSDSSDR7Display the SDSS Photometric Catalog 7 of Adelman-McCarthy et al. 2009ApJS..182..543A, Cat. II/294meta.ref.urlintnullableGalZooDisplay the GalZoo1,2,5 of Walmsley et al. 2022MNRAS.509.3966W, Cat. J/MNRAS/509/3966 and morphology of GalZoo2 from Willett et al. 2013MNRAS.435.2835W, Cat. J/MNRAS/435/2835meta.ref.urlintnullableSloanDisplay the online SDSS-DR12 data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable