Star ages with ML and GALAH DR3 spectra J/MNRAS/517/5325 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/517/5325 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-g5-56d CDS Hayden M.R. Sharma S. Bland-Hawthorn J. Spina L. Buder S. Ciuca I.,Asplund M. Casey A.R. De Silva G.M. D'Orazi V. Freeman K.C. Kos J.,Lewis G.F. Lin J. Lind K. Martell S.L. Schlesinger K.J. Simpson J.D.,Zucker D.B. Zwitter T. Chen B. Cotar K. Feuillet D. Horner J.,Joyce M. Nordlander T. Stello D. Tepper-Garcia T. Ting Y.-S. Wang P.,Wittenmyer R. Wyse R. 2026-08-03T07:32:07Z 2025-11-19T13:13:52Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr milky-way-galaxy dwarf-stars giant-stars spectroscopy visible-astronomy astrometry chemical-abundances stellar-ages We present the first large-scale study that demonstrates how ages can be determined for large samples of stars through Galactic chemical evolution. Previous studies found that the elemental abundances of a star correlate directly with its age and metallicity. Using this knowledge, we derive ages for 214577 stars in GALAH DR3 using only overall metallicities and chemical abundances. Stellar ages are estimated via the machine learning algorithm XGBoost for stars belonging to the Milky Way disc with metallicities in the range -1 < [Fe/H] < 0.5, using main-sequence turn-off stars as our training set. We find that stellar ages for the bulk of GALAH DR3 are precise to 1-2 Gyr using this method. With these ages, we replicate many recent results on the age- kinematic trends of the nearby disc, including the solar neighbourhood's age- velocity dispersion relationship and the larger global velocity dispersion relations of the disc found using Gaia and GALAH. These results show that chemical abundance variations at a given birth radius are small, and that strong chemical tagging of stars directly to birth clusters may prove difficult with our current elemental abundance precision. Our results highlight the need to measure abundances for as many nucleosynthetic production sites as possible in order to estimate reliable ages from chemistry. Our methods open a new door into studies of the kinematic structure and evolution of the disc, as ages may potentially be estimated to a precision of 1-2 Gyr for a large fraction of stars in existing spectroscopic surveys. 2022MNRAS.517.5325H https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/517/5325 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021) J/MNRAS/503/3279 : GALAH survey. Galactic disc with open clusters (Spina+,2021) J/MNRAS/489/176 : Dynamical heating across the Milky Way disc J/MNRAS/473/2004 : TESS-HERMES Survey Data Release 1 catalog (Sharma+, 2018) J/MNRAS/475/5487 : Stellar properties of KIC stars (Silva Aguirre+, 2018) J/MNRAS/456/3655 : Masses and ages of red giants (Martig+, 2016) J/MNRAS/474/2580 : Temporal evolution of neutron-capture elements (Spina+,2018) J/A+A/645/A85 : Age dissection of the Milky Way discs (Miglio+, 2021) J/A+A/640/A81 : Abundances of 72 solar-type stars (Nissen+, 2020) J/A+A/639/A127 : Age-chemical-clocks-metallicity relations (Casali+, 2020) J/A+A/627/A117 : Equivalent widths for six M67 stars (Liu+, 2019) J/A+A/562/A71 : Chemical abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfs J/A+A/530/A138 : Geneva-Copenhagen survey re-analysis (Casagrande+, 2011) J/ApJ/887/114 : VLA ~8-10GHz obs. of WISE Galactic HII regions J/ApJ/887/80 : Gas phase oxygen abundances for HII regions (Kreckel+, 2019) J/ApJ/865/68 : Abundances for 79 Sun-like stars within 100pc (Bedell+,2018) J/ApJ/858/28 : Mixing-length parameter for a sample of KIC stars J/ApJ/823/114 : The Cannon: a new approach to determine masses (Ness+, 2016) J/ApJ/817/40 : High-resolution NIR spectra of local giants (Feuillet+,2016) J/ApJ/808/16 : The Cannon: a new approach to determine abundances J/ApJ/722/1373 : {omega} Centauri giants abundances (Johnson+, 2010) V/117 : Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020) I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018) I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/517/5325 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/517/5325 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/517/5325 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/517/5325 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/517/5325 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/517/5325 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/517/5325/table (Chemical clock ages estimated with ML XGBoost algorithm for our selected Milky way stars) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/517/5325/table? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/517/5325/table? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/517/5325/table? 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38765 38767 38776 38778-38779 38782-38784 38791-38792 38794-38795 38804-38805 38807 38816-38818 38820-38821 38823-38824 38827 38829-38832 38834-38835 38838 38856-38857 38859-38860 38864-38865 38894-38895 38902-38903 38906 38912 38915 38988-38989 39008 39010-39011 39016-39017 39024-39026 39031 39060 39064-39066 39084 39086-39087 39097 39099 39112 39125-39127 39159 39165 39167 39208 39210 39296 39298 39304 39328 39330 39338 39424 39428-39430 39434-39435 39465 39467-39468 39470 39491-39492 39494-39495 39497 39499-39500 39502 39505 39507-39510 39513 39533 39535 39538 39541 39543 39553-39556 39558 39573 39575 39591 39593 39595 39601-39603 39606 39608-39610 39620 39622 39624-39625 39631 39641-39643 39653 39661-39665 39667-39670 39680 39688 39690 39712 39714-39715 39816-39817 39819 39822 39841-39844 39846 39848-39850 39959 39965 39967 39989-39991 40001-40003 40008-40010 40016-40017 40019-40020 40032 40034 40040 40042 40044-40045 40047 40055 40058 40085 40087 40093 40117 40119 40125 40140-40142 40144 40146-40147 40152-40153 40155 40157-40160 40162-40163 40166 40168-40169 40171-40172 40174 40177 40180-40181 40193 40196-40197 40203 40206-40208 40212-40213 40225 40227 40232-40234 40236-40237 40246-40247 40249-40251 40253-40254 40258-40261 40263 40272 40274 40285 40290 40300 40302 40306-40307 40318-40319 40323 40343 40348-40349 40351 40363 40366-40369 40371 40382-40383 40392 40394 40403 40409 40411-40414 40426-40427 40516 40518 40530-40531 40534 40536-40537 40540 40543-40545 40547 40549-40551 40562 40568 40641 40643 40646 40649 40651 40659 40664 40666-40669 40677 40688-40689 40691 40694-40695 40697 40700-40702 40705 40707 40712-40713 40715 40720 40728 40730 40736 40738 40778-40779 40782 40799-40801 40803-40804 40821 40857 40859-40860 40862-40863 40871 40877 40879 40882 40884-40885 40888-40890 40906 40941 40943 40946-40947 40995 41001 41004-41005 41010-41011 41014-41017 41035 41037-41039 41041-41043 41072 41074-41075 41103 41112 41114 41120-41122 41125 41127-41128 41130-41131 41133-41135 41144 41146-41147 41168 41170-41171 41196 41200-41202 41205 41230-41231 41235 41241-41246 41252-41253 41255 41268 41271 41284-41286 41296-41297 41301 41303-41304 41306-41307 41309-41311 41314-41315 41318-41319 41332-41334 41373 41376-41377 41380 41408-41410 41424 41426 41428-41429 41481 41483 41488-41489 41492-41493 41506 41512 41514 41536 41959 41973 41975 41982 42000-42002 42004-42005 42007 42052 42054-42055 42091 42094 42096-42098 42100 42112-42113 42180-42182 42240-42241 42243 42252-42253 42255 42264-42266 42308 42495 42618-42619 42634-42635 42639 42642-42643 42645-42647 42664-42665 42667 42672 42674-42675 42694-42695 42717 42719 42721 42724-42725 42727 42797 42799 42812 42814 42846-42847 42865 42867 42872 42874 42883 42885-42887 42900 42903-42904 42906-42907 42909-42911 42918-42919 42921 42923 42929-42931 42936 42939 42941-42943 42948-42949 42958-42960 42964-42965 42967 42974-42975 42977-42980 42990-42991 42994-42995 43034 43123 43165-43167 43181 43183 43185 43187 43201 43203 43252 43254-43258 43274-43275 43277-43279 43281-43283 43301 43303 43324-43326 43330-43331 43334 43340-43341 43356 43358-43359 43365 43367 43370-43371 43374 43389 43405 43407-43409 43415 43421-43423 43436-43437 43439-43440 43442-43443 43452 43454-43458 43461 43463-43464 43466 43469 43476 43478 43480-43481 43488 43490-43491 43496-43498 43501-43503 43505 43507-43508 43510 43512 43514 43517 43523 43560-43562 43569 43571 43579-43582 43606 43616 43618-43619 43624-43626 43628-43629 43631 43648 43650 43653 43655 43657-43659 43672-43674 43676-43677 43679 43684-43686 43692 43694-43695 43699 43701 43708-43709 43711 43718 43724 43726-43727 43738 43741 43743 43760 43765 43779 43781-43783 43785 43787-43790 43800-43801 43804-43805 43808 43810 43815-43816 43819 43821-43823 43832 43852 43854 43856 43858 43881 43883 43898-43899 43902 43916 43918 43920 43922-43923 43926 43936 43939 43942 43944-43945 43947-43948 43950-43951 43956-43958 43960-43962 43964 43972-43973 43975-43976 43978 43984-43986 43988 44004 44006 44028-44029 44032 44041 44043 44053 44055-44056 44058 44064 44066 44069 44072 44077 44080 44082-44083 44086 44092 44094-44096 44098 44114-44115 44118-44119 44141 44143-44145 44148 44152-44154 44162-44163 44168-44169 44171 44181 44184 44186 44194-44195 44198-44201 44216 44218 44224 44229 44231 44236-44238 44240 44242-44245 44248 44257 44272 44274 44276-44277 44289 44291 44312 44314 44317 44319 44324 44326 44329 44344 44346 44365 44367 44369 44371 44380-44381 44383 44385 44387 44392-44394 44396-44397 44399 44401 44403 44408 44410-44413 44420-44422 44424-44426 44433 44435-44437 44440 44442 44445-44447 44449-44451 44456-44457 44468-44470 44472-44474 44479-44481 44483 44492 44494-44497 44504 44506-44507 44512-44513 44515 44521-44525 44528-44529 44546-44547 44549-44551 44576-44577 44580 44592-44593 44596-44597 44606 44613 44615 44624 44626-44627 44631-44632 44684-44685 44688-44690 44692 44704 44706 44712 44717-44719 44722-44723 44770-44774 44780 44782 44784 44804-44805 44807 44812 44814 44816 44821 44823 44832-44833 44836 44849 44851 44864-44866 44894-44895 44903 44909 44914-44915 44920-44922 45133 45153 45155 45174-45175 45201-45203 45213 45217 45219-45220 45222 45225 45242-45243 45250-45251 45253-45254 45256-45257 45259-45260 45262 45264-45265 45276-45277 45279 45345-45347 45414-45415 45426-45427 45432 45434-45435 45438 45460-45462 45472-45473 45487 45510 45516 45520-45521 45524-45525 45530-45531 45534 45556 45558-45559 45584-45585 45595 45598 45613-45615 45617 45619-45620 45622 45626 45635 45638 45641 45643-45644 45646 45655 45657 45659 45695-45696 45698 45704 45706-45707 45711 45724 45726 45733 45735 45738 45741 45743 45748 45752 45754-45756 45758 45767 45773 45776 45778-45779 45784-45785 45827 45830 45832-45833 45835-45836 45838 45840 45845 45847 45853 45858-45859 45862 45868 45879 45885 45896-45897 45899 45924-45925 45927-45928 45933 45944-45945 45947 45952-45953 45955 45958 45960-45961 45963-45964 45967 45987 45990-45991 45993 45995-45998 46000 46002 46006-46008 46010-46011 46019 46025 46036 46040-46042 46053 46055 46058-46059 46061 46063-46064 46066-46067 46081 46084-46085 46087 46093 46100 46102-46105 46108-46109 46152 46160 46239 46242 46248 46250 46262-46263 46284 46286 46304-46306 46312 46340-46341 46352 46592 46594 46604 46606 46632-46634 46636-46637 46640 46642 46654 46729 46731-46732 46734 46736-46737 46739 46745-46747 46756 46758 46760-46761 46764 46769 46771 46777 46780-46781 46786-46787 46790 46796 46826 46842-46843 47018-47019 47022 47061 47063 47069 47104 47106 47109 47111-47112 47114 47124 47136 47138 47143 47149-47151 47154 47157 47159 47174-47175 47180-47181 47186 47200-47202 47208 47215 47219 47226 47228 47232-47234 47239 47241-47243 47248-47249 47251 47260-47261 47264-47265 47268-47269 47271-47274 47277-47279 47284 47286 47296 47298 47301 47303 47309 47312 47314 47319 47325 47327 47331 47334-47335 47340 47342 47345-47347 47349-47351 47364 47375-47377 47380 47382-47383 47387 47393 47395 47401 47404 47406-47407 47420 47423 47428 47430 47432-47433 47436 47442-47443 47448-47450 47452 47457 47459-47460 47462 47465-47467 47476 47478 47481-47483 47489-47492 47494 47501-47505 47509-47512 47514-47515 47520-47522 47525-47527 47540 47547 47550-47554 47557 47559 47562-47563 47565-47567 47588 47590 47596 47598-47600 47609 47611 47628-47629 47631-47632 47634-47635 47652-47653 47655-47656 47658-47659 47668-47670 47675 47688 47690-47691 47694 47696-47697 47699-47700 47702-47703 47705 47707-47710 47716 47719 47725 47732 47734 47736-47737 47740-47741 47743 47764-47765 47774-47775 47780 47782 47784-47786 47792-47793 47809 47811 47817-47822 47827 47829 47831 47844 47847-47848 47850-47851 47858 47863-47864 47866-47867 47869-47871 47889 47892 47919 47930 47940-47941 47956 47959 47965 48000 48005 48011 48016 48021-48023 48026 48036 48046-48048 48051 48053 48055 48060-48062 48076 48078-48079 48083 48086 48089-48091 48112 48114 48126-48127 48156 48158 48162-48163 48166-48169 48171 48184-48186 48194-48195 48198 48204 48212 48214 48223 48226-48227 48230 48236 48249 48252-48253 48255 48260 48262 48265-48268 48270 48278-48279 48288-48289 48292 48294-48295 48300-48301 48306 48312 48322 48328 48388 48390 48393-48398 48423 48429 48434-48435 48440-48441 48444-48445 48478-48479 48509 48511 48581 48583 48589 48592 48594-48595 48597 48599-48601 48605 48607 48642 48648 48696-48697 48810-48811 48893 48895 48927 48949-48950 48952-48953 48956 48962-48963 48966-48967 48972-48973 48975 48978 48984 48992-48993 49043 49046 49048-49049 49051-49052 49054 49064 49066-49067 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/517/5325?format=ascii Optical default J/MNRAS/517/5325/table Chemical clock ages estimated with ML XGBoost algorithm for our selected Milky way stars recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int GALAH GALAH identifier from GALAH+ DR3 of Buder et al. 2021MNRAS.506..150B, Cat. J/MNRAS/506/150 (galah_id) meta.id;meta.main 2MASS 2MASS identifier from 2MASS All-Sky Catalogue 2003yCat.2246....0C, Cat. II/246 (2mass_id) meta.id.assoc char GaiaDR2 Display the GaiaDR2 data meta.ref.url char Age The chemical clock age estimated from XGBoost algorithm detailed in sect. 3.2, ages recommended for use(age_xgboost) Gyr time.age;meta.modelled double e_Age The total combined Age error from XGBoost algorithm (age_error_xgboost) (1) Gyr stat.error;time.age double Test Flag True as 1 for 5190 cases and 0 as false to indicates stars selected for the test set of XGBoost verifications (is_testing_star) (2) meta.code int Train Flag True as 1 for 12109 cases and 0 as false to indicates stars selected for the training set of XGBoost (is_training_star) (2) meta.code int AgeS2021 The chemical clock ages derived by Sharma et al. (2021MNRAS.506.1761S) using Bayes th. not recommended for use (age_sharma2021_bayes) Gyr time.age;meta.modelled double e_AgeS2021 The error in the chemical clock AgeS2021 not recommended for use (age_error_sharma2021_bayes) Gyr stat.error double Simbad Simbad column added by the CDS meta.ref.url char _RA Infrared position from 2MASS name (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed _DE Infrared position from 2MASS name (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main indexed