J/MNRAS/515/1903ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/515/1903doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-g3-1vfCDSVargas C.Villanova S.Geisler D.Munoz C.Monaco L.O'Connell J.,Sarajedini A.2026-08-03T07:31:38Z2025-09-17T12:01:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clustersgiant-starsphotometryvisible-astronomyultraviolet-astronomyastrometryproper-motionshst-photometryradial-velocityspectroscopyeffective-temperaturemetallicityNGC 362 is a non-common Type II Galactic globular cluster, showing a complex pseudo two-colour diagram or 'chromosome map'. The clear separation of its stellar populations in the colour-magnitude diagram and the distribution of the giant stars in the chromosome map strongly suggests that NGC 362 could host stars with both cluster-nominal, as well as enhanced heavy-element abundances, and one of them could be iron. However, despite previous spectroscopic observations of NGC 362, no such iron variation has been detected. Our main goal is to confirm or disprove this result by searching for any internal variation of [Fe/H], which would give us insight into the formation and evolution of this interesting globular cluster. In this paper, we present the abundance analysis for a sample of 11 red giant branch members based on high-resolution and high S/N spectra obtained with the MIKE echelle spectrograph mounted at the Magellan- Clay telescope. HST and GAIA photometry and astrometry has been used to determine atmospheric parameters and membership. We obtained Teff, log(g), and vt for our target stars and measured the mean iron content of the sample and its dispersion with three different methods, which lead to [Fe/H]_1_ = -1.10 +/- 0.02, [Fe/H]_2_ = -1.09 +/- 0.01, and [Fe/H]_3_ = -1.10 +/- 0.01, while the internal dispersion turned out to be {sigma}_[Fe/H]1_ = 0.06 +/- 0.01, {sigma}_[Fe/H]2_ = 0.03 +/- 0.01, and {sigma}_[Fe/H]3_ = 0.05 +/- 0.01, respectively. The error analysis gives an internal dispersion due to observational error of 0.05 dex. Comparing the observed dispersion with the internal errors, we conclude that NGC 362 does not show any trace of an internal iron spread.2022MNRAS.515.1903Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/515/1903CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/482/5138 : Galactic GC mean proper motions & velocitiesJ/MNRAS/478/1520 : Milky Way globular clusters data (Baumgardt+, 2018)J/MNRAS/492/1641 : APOGEE southern GCs with the BACCHUS code (Meszaros+, 2020)J/MNRAS/450/815 : Red giants in NGC 5286 (Marino+, 2015)J/MNRAS/492/1641 : APOGEE southern GCs with the BACCHUS code (Meszaros+, 2020)J/MNRAS/505/5978 : Gaia EDR3 view on Galactic globular clustersJ/ApJ/722/1373 : {omega} Centauri giants abundances (Johnson+, 2010)J/ApJS/245/5 : Globular cluster intrinsic iron abundance spreadsJ/A+A/557/A138 : Detailed chemical abundances in the GlC NGC 362J/A+A/520/A95 : Abundances of red giants in M54 and Sgr dSphJ/A+A/659/A122 : Metallicity of NGC 6388 (Carretta+, 2022)J/A+A/505/117 : Abundances of red giants in 15 globular clustersJ/A+A/490/625 : Abundances of NGC 6121 red giants (Marino+, 2008)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)VII/195 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1996)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/515/1903https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/515/1903http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/515/1903https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/515/1903https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/515/1903http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/515/1903GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/515/1903/table (*Chromosome map of NGC0362 with HST photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/515/1903/table?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/515/1903/table?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/515/1903/table?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true15.77330611-70.842016110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/515/1903/table1 (Gaia and HST astrometric and photometric data for the 12 target stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/515/1903/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/515/1903/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/515/1903/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true15.773315294962877-70.842013037502540.0055555555555555566/333301.9867573869263685e-19 4.2441532724171825e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/515/1903?format=asciiUVOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/515/1903/table*Chromosome map of NGC0362 with HST photometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDStar identifier number (ID)meta.id;meta.mainfloatRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) at Ep=2015.0 from HUGS Catalog (2015AJ....149...91P) (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) at Ep=2015.0 from HUGS Catalog (2015AJ....149...91P) (DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF275WmagApparent magnitude in F275W HST filter from UV Legacy Survey Nardiello et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3382N) (F275W)magphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatF336WmagApparent magnitude in F336W HST filter from UV Legacy Survey Nardiello et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3382N) (F336W)magphot.mag;em.opt.UfloatF438WmagApparent magnitude in F438W HST filter from UV Legacy Survey Nardiello et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3382N) (F438W)magphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatF814WmagApparent magnitude in F814W HST filter from UV Legacy Survey Nardiello et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3382N) (F814W)magphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatF275W-F814WDelta(F275W,F814W) pseudo-colour (|F275W-F814W|)magphot.mag;arith.diff;em.UV.200-300nmdoubleCJ/MNRAS/515/1903/table1Gaia and HST astrometric and photometric data for the 12 target starsGmagG-band mean magnitude (Vega) from Gaia DR2 (G)magphot.mag;stat.mean;em.optfloatBPmagIntegrated BP mean magnitude (Vega) from Gaia DR2 (B_p_)magphot.mag;stat.mean;em.opt.BfloatRPmagIntegrated RP mean magnitude (Vega) from Gaia DR2 (R_p_)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatF275WmagApparent magnitude in F275W HST filter from UV Legacy Survey Nardiello et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3382N) (F275W)magphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatF336WmagApparent magnitude in F336W HST filter from UV Legacy Survey Nardiello et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3382N) (F336W)magphot.mag;em.opt.UfloatF438WmagApparent magnitude in F438W HST filter from UV Legacy Survey Nardiello et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3382N) (F438W)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatF606WmagApparent magnitude in F606W HST filter from UV Legacy Survey Nardiello et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3382N) (F606W)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatF814WmagApparent magnitude in F814W HST filter from UV Legacy Survey Nardiello et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3382N) (F814W)magphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatRVSpectroscopic heliocentric radial velocity from MIKE spectrograph as explained in the section 3 (RV_helio_)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentric;obsfloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDStar identifier number (ID)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) at Ep=2015.0 (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) at Ep=2015.0 (DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAProper motions in right ascension direction (pmRA*cosDE) from Gaia eDR3 (pmRA)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in declination direction from Gaia eDR3 (pmDEC)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatVmagApparent magnitude in optical V band based on F438W, F606W and F814W HST filters (V)magphot.mag;em.opt.V;arithfloatJ/MNRAS/515/1903/table2Atmospheric parameters for the 11 target stars derived with isochrone fitsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDStar identifier number (ID)meta.id;meta.mainintloggHSTm11Logarithm of the surface gravity obtained via 11 Gyr isochrone fitting using HST data (g_HSTm11_)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatTeffHSTm09Effective temperature obtained via 9 Gyr isochrone fitting using HST data (T_HSTm09_)Kphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledintloggHSTm09Logarithm of the surface gravity obtained via 9 Gyr isochrone fitting using HST data (g_HSTm09_)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatTeffGaiam11Effective temperature obtained via 11 Gyr isochrone fitting using Gaia data (T_GAIAm11_)Kphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledintloggGaiam11Logarithm of the surface gravity obtained via 11 Gyr isochrone fitting using Gaia data (g_GAIAm11_)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatTeffGaiam09Effective temperature obtained via 9 Gyr isochrone fitting using Gaia data (T_GAIAm09_)Kphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledintloggGaiam09Logarithm of the surface gravity obtained via 9 Gyr isochrone fitting using Gaia data (g_GAIAm09_)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatTeffHSTm11Effective temperature obtained via 11 Gyr isochrone fitting using HST data (T_HSTm11_)Kphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledintloggphotLogarithm of the surface gravity obtained with the canonical relation as the described in section 4 (logg_phot_)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatTeffEffective temperature used to compute v_t_ and [Fe/H] (Teff)Kphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledintloggLogarithm of the surface gravity used to compute v_t_ and [Fe/H] (logg)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatVtMicroturbulent velocity obtained assuming T_eff_, log(g) and FeI line spectra (vt)km/sphys.veloc.microTurb;meta.modelledfloat[Fe/H]Iron to hydrogen abundance ratio assuming T_eff_, log(g) and FeI line spectra ([Fe/H])log(Sun)phys.abund.Fe;arith.ratio;meta.modelledfloat[FeII/H]Derived ionic iron FeII to hydrogen abundance ratio ([FeII/H])log(Sun)phys.abund.Fe;arith.ratio;meta.modelledfloatClass[a/n] Star classification a for anomalous and n for normal (Class)src.classcharJ/MNRAS/515/1903/table3Atmospheric parameters for the 11 target stars derived with Marino and Mott methodsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDStar identifier number (ID)meta.id;meta.mainintTeffEffective temperature used to compute v_t_ and [Fe/H] (Teff)Kphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledintloggLogarithm of the surface gravity used to compute v_t_ and [Fe/H] (logg)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatVtMottMicroturbulence velocity (vt_Mott_) (1)km/sphys.veloc.microTurb;meta.modelledfloat[Fe/H]Iron to hydrogen obtained using spectral synthesis of FeI lines and considering vt_Mott_ ([Fe/H])log(Sun)phys.abund.Fe;spect;arithfloatVtMarinoMicroturbulence obtained from empirical relation in Marino et al. 2008A&A...490..625M, Cat. J/A+A/490/625 (vt_Marino_)km/sphys.veloc.microTurb;meta.modelledfloatClass[a/n] Star classification a for anomalous and n for normal (Class)src.classcharJ/MNRAS/515/1903/table4Parameters and metallicities obtained spectroscopically using the FeI and FeII linesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDStar identifier number (ID)meta.id;meta.mainintTeffEffective temperature (Teff)Kphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledintloggLogarithm of the surface gravity (logg)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatVtMicroturbulent velocity (v_t_)km/sphys.veloc.microTurb;meta.modelledfloat[Fe/H]Iron to hydrogen abundance ratio ([Fe/H])log(Sun)phys.abund.Fe;spect;arithfloatClass[a/n] Star classification a for anomalous and n for normal (Class)src.classchar