J/MNRAS/514/2915ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/514/2915doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-g2-2v3CDSShim H.Lee D.Kim Y.Scott D.Serjeant S.Ao Y.Barrufet L.,Chapman S.C.Clements D.L.Conselice C.J.Goto T.Greve T.R.,Hwang H.S.Im M.Jeong W.-S.Kim H.K.Kim M.Kim S.J.Kong A.K.H.,Koprowski M.P.Malkan M.A.Micha M.Pearson C.Seo H.Takagi T.,Toba Y.White G.J.Woo J.-H.2026-08-03T07:31:29Z2025-06-06T13:02:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesactive-galactic-nucleimillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyastronomical-object-identificationphotometryastrometryspectral-energy-distributionastronomical-modelsradio-sourcesvisible-astronomyinfrared-sourcesredshiftedstar-forming-regionsextinctionstellar-massesWe present the multiwavelength counterparts of 850-{mu}m selected submillimetre sources over a 2-deg^2^ field centred on the North Ecliptic Pole. In order to overcome the large beam size (15 arcsec) of the 850-{mu}m images, deep optical to near-infrared (NIR) photometric data and arcsecond-resolution 20-cm images are used to identify counterparts of submillimetre sources. Among 647 sources, we identify 514 reliable counterparts for 449 sources (69 per cent in number), based either on probabilities of chance associations calculated from positional offsets or offsets combined with the optical-to-NIR colours. In the radio imaging, the fraction of 850-{mu}m sources having multiple counterparts is 7 per cent. The photometric redshift, infrared luminosity, stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and the active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution to the total infrared luminosity of the identified counterparts are investigated through spectral energy distribution fitting. The SMGs are infrared-luminous galaxies at an average <z> = 2.5 with log10(L_IR_/L_{sun}_) = 11.5-13.5, with a mean stellar mass of log10(M_star_/M_{sun}_) = 10.90 and SFR of log10(SFR/M_{sun}_.yr^-1^)=2.34. The submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) show twice as large SFR as galaxies on the star-forming main sequence, and about 40 per cent of the SMGs are classified as objects with bursty star formation. At z => 4, the contribution of AGN luminosity to total luminosity for most SMGs is larger than 30 per cent. The FIR-to-radio correlation coefficient of SMGs is consistent with that of main-sequence galaxies at z =~ 2.2022MNRAS.514.2915Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/514/2915CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/458/4321 : SCUBA-2 galaxies in 850um survey (Koprowski+, 2016)J/MNRAS/436/1919 : SCUBA observations of COSMOS galaxies (Casey+, 2013)J/MNRAS/380/199 : SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey. III (Ivison+, 2007)J/MNRAS/465/1789 : SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (Geach+, 2017)J/MNRAS/495/3409 : SCUBA-2-COSMOS field brightest sub-mm sourcesJ/MNRAS/498/5065 : NEPSC2, the North Ecliptic Pole SCUBA-2 survey (Shim+, 2020)J/MNRAS/494/3828 : ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 CLS UDS fieldJ/MNRAS/469/492 : JCMT/SCUBA2 objects in COSMOS and UDS fieldsJ/ApJ/886/48 : Radio & opt/NIR counterparts of S2COSMOS submm galaxiesJ/ApJ/880/43 : S2COSMOS: bright SCUBA-2 submm sources in COSMOSJ/ApJ/820/82 : S2CLS: multiwavelength counterparts to SMGs (Chen+, 2016)J/ApJ/889/80 : STUDIES. III. SCUBA-2 450um gal. with MIPS & VLA obs.J/MNRAS/446/911 : X-ray sources in the AKARI NEP deep field (Krumpe+, 2015)J/MNRAS/500/4078 : Band-merged catalogue of AKARI infrared sources (Kim+, 2021)J/MNRAS/498/609 : AKARI North Ecliptic Pole field in CFHT u-band (Huang+,2020)J/MNRAS/446/911 : X-ray sources in the AKARI NEP deep field (Krumpe+, 2015)J/ApJS/190/166 : Optical catalog of AKARI NEP-wide survey (Jeon+, 2010)J/ApJS/214/20 : AKARI NEP field J- and H- band source catalog (Jeon+, 2014)J/ApJS/234/38 : Spitzer/IRAC obs. of the North Ecliptic Pole (Nayyeri+,2018)J/A+A/645/A95 : NEP raster ROSAT X-ray/Optical catalog (Hasinger+, 2021)J/A+A/537/A24 : AKARI NEP-Deep field mid-IR source catalogue (Takagi+, 2012)J/A+A/517/A54 : 20cm survey of the AKARI NEP (White+, 2010)J/A+A/548/A29 : IR source catalog of AKARI NEP-Wide field (Kim+, 2012)J/A+A/566/A60 : Optical-NIR catalog of AKARI NEP Deep Field (Oi+, 2014)J/PASJ/71/13 : Herschel-PACS North Ecliptic Pole Survey (Pearson+, 2019)J/A+A/514/A10 : AGNs in submm-selected Lockman Hole galaxiesJ/A+A/622/A103 : Python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (Boquien+, 2019)J/ApJ/806/110 : ALESS survey: SMGs in the ECDF-S data (da Cunha+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/514/2915https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/514/2915http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/514/2915https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/514/2915https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/514/2915http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/514/2915GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/514/2915/tablea1 (Counterpart identification results for entire 644 unique 850{mu}m sources from the NEPSC2+S2CLS merge survey)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/514/2915/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/514/2915/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/514/2915/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true267.7204966.0828250.0055555555555555566/10239 11605 11607 15359 16042-160439.932213363424795e-25 5.500300350312679e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/514/2915?format=asciiOpticalInfraredMillimeterRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/514/2915/tablea1Counterpart identification results for entire 644 unique 850{mu}m sources from the NEPSC2+S2CLS merge surveyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSMM? The SMM identifier in the combined catalogue (SMM_ID)meta.id;meta.mainintnullableprimaryRadioThe radio counterpart identifier (radio_id) (3)meta.id.crosscharOptIRThe Optical-Infrared identifier (optir_id) (4)meta.id.crosscharRA850Right ascension of the 850 {mu}m source (J2000) (RA_850um)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE850Declination of the 850 {mu}m source (J2000) (Dec_850um)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRAVLAdeg? Right ascension of the counterpart in the VLA images (J2000) (RA_VLA)degpos.eq.ranullableDEVLAdeg? Declination of the counterpart in the VLA images (J2000) (Dec_VLA)degpos.eq.decnullableRAIRACdeg? Right ascension of the counterpart in IRAC images (J2000) (RA_IRAC)degpos.eq.ranullableDEIRACdeg? Declination of the counterpart in IRAC images (J2000) (Dec_IRAC)degpos.eq.decnullableRAoptdeg? Right ascension of the counterpart in HSC images (J2000) (RA_opt) (5)degpos.eq.ranullableDEoptdeg? Declination of the counterpart in HSC images (J2000) (Dec_opt) (5)degpos.eq.decnullableS850Flux density in 850 {mu}m S2CLS/NEPSC2 images (S_850um)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzdoublee_S850Mean error of S850um (S_err_850um)mJystat.errordoublef_Radio[0/1] Flag indicates if counterpart is identified in radio 20cm, 0 for no with 620 cases and 1 for yes with 140 cases (radioid)meta.codeintf_OptIR[0/1] Flag indicates if counterpart is identified using optical-NIR colour, 0 for no with 37 cases and 1 for yes with 723 cases (colourid)meta.codeintReliable[0/1] Flag indicates if the identification based on colour is reliable enough, 0 for no with 300 cases and 1 for yes with 460 cases (reliable) (6)meta.codeintf_SMM[0/1] Flag indicates if the submillimetre source has more than one counterpart, 0 for no with 538 cases and 1 for yes with 222 cases (multipleID)meta.codeinttablea2Indicates multiwavelength photometry counterparts in tablea2meta.ref.urlcharNEPSC2The NEPSC2 identifier (NEPSC2_ID) (1)meta.id.assoccharS2CLSThe S2CLS identifier (S2CLS_ID) (2)meta.id.assoccharJ/MNRAS/514/2915/tablea2Multiwavelength photometry of the 514 identified counterparts and the CIGALE outputs for each objecte_N2? Mean uncertainty of N2 (N2_err)mJystat.errordoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSMM? The SMM identifier in the combined catalogue (SMM_ID)meta.id;meta.mainintnullableRadioThe radio counterpart identifier (radio_id)meta.id.crosscharOptIRThe Optical-Infrared identifier (optir_id)meta.id.crosscharHSCg? Subaru/HSC g-band flux density (HSC_g)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_HSCg? Mean uncertainty of HSCg (HSC_g_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableHSCr? Subaru/HSC r-band flux density (HSC_r)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_HSCr? Mean uncertainty of HSCr (HSC_r_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableHSCi? Subaru/HSC i-band flux density (HSC_i)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_HSCi? Mean uncertainty of HSCi (HSC_i_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableHSCz? Subaru/HSC z-band flux density (HSC_z)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_HSCz? Mean uncertainty of HSCz (HSC_z_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableHSCy? Subaru/HSC y-band flux density (HSC_y)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_HSCy? Mean uncertainty of HSCy (HSC_y_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableMCamu? CFHT/MegaCam u-band flux density (MCam_u)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_MCamu? Mean uncertainty of MCamu (MCam_u_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableMCamg? CFHT/MegaCam g-band flux density (MCam_g)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_MCamg? Mean uncertainty of MCamg (MCam_g_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableMCamr? CFHT/MegaCam r-band flux density (MCam_r)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_MCamr? Mean uncertainty of MCamr (MCam_r_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableMCami? CFHT/MegaCam i-band flux density (MCam_i)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_MCami? Mean uncertainty of MCami (MCam_i_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableMCamz? CFHT/MegaCam z-band flux density (MCam_z)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_MCamz? Mean uncertainty of MCamz (MCam_z_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableWFCAMY? Wide Field Infrared Camera WIRCAM Y-band flux density (WFCAM_Y)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_WFCAMY? Mean uncertainty of WFCAMY (WFCAM_Y_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableCFHT-WFCAMJ? CFHT/WIRCam J-band flux density (CFHT_wircam_J)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_CFHT-WFCAMJ? Mean uncertainty of CFHT-WFCAMJ (CFHT_wircam_J_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableCFHT-WFCAMKs? CFHT/WIRCam Ks-band flux density (CFHT_wircam_Ks)mJyphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_CFHT-WFCAMKs? Mean uncertainty of CFHT-WFCAMKs (CFHT_wircam_Ks_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableIRAC3.6? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6{mu}m-band flux density (IRAC1)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_IRAC3.6? Mean uncertainty of IRAC3.6 (IRAC1_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableIRAC4.5? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5{mu}m-band flux density (IRAC2)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_IRAC4.5? Mean uncertainty of IRAC4.5 (IRAC2_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableN2? AKARI/IRC NEP-deep/wide surveys N2-band 2.4{mu}m flux density (N2-band)mJyphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableN3? AKARI/IRC NEP-deep/wide surveys N3-band 3.2{mu}m flux density (N3-band)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_N3? Mean uncertainty of N3 (N3_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableN4? AKARI/IRC NEP-deep/wide surveys N4-band 4.1{mu}m flux density (N4-band)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_N4? Mean uncertainty of N4 (N4_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableS7? AKARI/IRC NEP-deep/wide surveys S7-band 7.0{mu}m flux density (S7)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_S7? Mean uncertainty of S7 (S7_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableS9W? AKARI/IRC NEP-deep/wide surveys S9W-band 9.0{mu}m flux density (S9W)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_S9W? Mean uncertainty of S9W (S9W_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableS11? AKARI/IRC NEP-deep/wide surveys S11-band 11.0{mu}m flux density (S11)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_S11? Mean uncertainty of S11 (S11_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableL15? AKARI/IRC NEP-deep/wide surveys L15-band 15{mu}m flux density (L15)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_L15? Mean uncertainty of L15 (L15_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableL18W? AKARI/IRC NEP-deep/wide surveys L18-band 18{mu}m flux density (L18W)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_L18W? Mean uncertainty of L18W (L18W_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableL24? AKARI/IRC NEP-deep/wide surveys L24-band 24{mu}m flux density (L24)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_L24? Mean uncertainty of L24 (L24_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableMIPS24? Spitzer/MIPS 24{mu}m band flux density (MIPS1)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_MIPS24? Mean uncertainty of MIPS24 (MIPS1_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableWISE3.4? Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE-band 3.4{mu}m flux density (WISE1)mJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_WISE3.4? Mean uncertainty of WISE3.4 (WISE1_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableWISE4.6? Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE-band 4.6{mu}m flux density (WISE2)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_WISE4.6? Mean uncertainty of WISE4.6 (WISE2_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableWISE12? Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE-band 12{mu}m flux density (WISE3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_WISE12? Mean uncertainty of WISE12 (WISE3_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableWISE22? Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE-band 22{mu}m flux density (WISE4)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_WISE22? Mean uncertainty of WISE22 (WISE4_err)mJystat.errordoublenullablePACS100? The Herschel/PACS green 100{mu}m band flux density (PACS_green)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umdoublenullablee_PACS100? Mean uncertainty of PACS100 (PACS_green_err)mJystat.errordoublenullablePACS160? The Herschel/PACS red 160{mu}m band flux density (PACS_red)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_PACS160? Mean uncertainty of PACS160 (PACS_red_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableSPIRE250? The Herschel/SPIRE 250{mu}m band flux density (PSW)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_SPIRE250? Mean uncertainty of SPIRE250 (PSW_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableSPIRE350? The Herschel/SPIRE 350{mu}m band flux density (PMW)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_SPIRE350? Mean uncertainty of SPIRE350 (PMW_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableSPIRE500? The Herschel/SPIRE 500{mu}m band flux density (PLW)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublenullablee_SPIRE500? Mean uncertainty of SPIRE500 (PLW_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableSCUBA850SCUBA-2 surveys 850{mu}m band flux density (SCUBA850)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzdoublee_SCUBA850Mean uncertainty of SCUBA850 (SCUBA850_err)mJystat.errordoubleVLAL20? Radio VLA L-band 20cm flux density (VLA_L)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzdoublenullablee_VLAL20? Mean uncertainty of VLAL20 (VLA_L_err)mJystat.errordoublenullableSEDok[0/1] Flag indicates if the CIGALE SED fit is a good quality, 0 for no with 180 cases and 1 for yes with 334 cases (ok_sedfit)meta.codeintf_z[0/1] Flag to indicates if the redshift is spectroscopic, 0 for photometric with 496 cases and 1 for yes with 18 cases (ifspecz)meta.codeintzRedshift from CIGALE output results (redshift)src.redshiftdoublee_z? Mean uncertainty of z (redshift_err)stat.error;src.redshiftdoublenullableLIRTotal fitting IR luminosity from CIGALE output results (LIR)Wphys.luminosity;em.IRdoublee_LIRMean uncertainty of LIR (LIR_err)Wstat.errordoubleSFRStar forming rate SFR from CIGALE output results (SFR)solMass/yrphys.SFRdoublee_SFRMean uncertainty of SFR (SFR_err)solMass/yrstat.error;phys.SFRdoubleM*Stellar mass from CIGALE output results (Mstar)solMassphys.massdoublee_M*Mean uncertainty of M* (Mstar_err)solMassstat.errordoubleAvExtinction coefficient from CIGALE output results (Av)magphys.absorption.coeffdoublee_AvMean uncertainty of Av (Av_err)magstat.errordoublefAGNAGN fraction luminosity defined as L_AGN_/(L_AGN_ + L_SF_) from CIGALE output results (fracAGN)phys.luminosity;arith.ratiodoublee_fAGNMean uncertainty of fAGN (fracAGN_err)stat.errordoubleqfir? FIR-to-radio correlation coefficient from CIGALE output results (radio_qfir)stat.correlationdoublenullablee_qfir? Mean uncertainty of qfir (radio_qfir_err)stat.errordoublenullable