J/MNRAS/513/5727ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/513/5727doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75135727CDSBinks A.S.Jeffries R.D.Sacco G.G.Jackson R.J.Cao L.Bayo A.,Bergemann M.Bonito R.Gilmore G.Gonneau A.Jiminez-Esteban F.,Morbidelli L.Randich S.Roccatagliata V.Smiljanic R.Zaggia S.2025-07-03T20:15:12Z2025-02-27T13:41:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyopen-star-clustersm-starspre-main-sequence-starsphotometryspectroscopyvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomystellar-spectral-typesline-intensitiesstellar-masseseffective-temperatureA growing disquiet has emerged in recent years that standard stellar models are at odds with observations of the colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and lithium depletion patterns of pre-main sequence stars in clusters. In this work we select 1246 high probability K/M-type constituent members of five young open clusters (5-125 Myr) in the Gaia-ESO Survey to test a series of models that use standard input physics and others that incorporate surface magnetic fields or cool starspots. We find that: standard models provide systematically under- luminous isochrones for low-mass stars in the CMD and fail to predict Li- depletion of the right strength at the right colour; magnetic models provide better CMD fits with isochrones that are ~1.5-2 times older, and provide better matches to Li depletion patterns. We investigate how rotation periods, most of which are determined here for the first time from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data, correlate with CMD position and Li. Among the K-stars in the older clusters we find the brightest and least Li-depleted are the fastest rotators, demonstrating the classic 'Li-rotation connection' for the first time at ~35 Myr in NGC 2547, and finding some evidence that it exists in the early M-stars of NGC 2264 at < 10 Myr. However, the wide dispersion in Li depletion observed in fully convective M-dwarfs in the {gamma} Vel cluster at ~20 Myr appears not to be correlated with rotation and is challenging to explain without a very large (>10 Myr) age spread.2022MNRAS.513.5727Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/513/5727CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)J/A+A/659/A85 : Membership and lithium of young clusters (Franciosini+,2022)J/MNRAS/509/1664 : Membership study of 70 stars clusters (Jackson+, 2022)J/MNRAS/430/1433 : NGC 2264 members periods with CoRoT (Affer+, 2013)J/A+A/641/A51 : NGC 2516 membership list (Fritzewski+, 2020)J/MNRAS/377/741 : VIc photometry of NGC 2516 (Irwin+, 2007)J/MNRAS/384/675 : Monitoring low-mass stars in NGC 2362 (Irwin+ 2008)J/A+A/417/557 : Rotation & variability of PMS Stars in NGC 2264 (Lamm, 2004)J/AJ/127/2228 : VRI photometry of PMS stars in NGC 2264 OB (Makidon+, 2004)J/A+A/599/A23 : Accretion-rotation connection in NGC 2264 (Venuti+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/513/5727https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/513/5727http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/513/5727https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/513/5727https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/513/5727http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/513/5727GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/513/5727/cluster (Clusters in our sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/5727/cluster?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/5727/cluster?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/5727/cluster?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true100.2179.8770.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/513/5727/table2 (Our stars cluster selected sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/5727/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/5727/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/513/5727/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true99.85625289.52757890.0055555555555555565/5934 9398 6/23636-23637 23639 23695 23717 23719 23728 23730 37586-37587 39181 39183 39192 39194 39205 39216-392187.952274030004205e-20 1.0188844282367877e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/513/5727?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/513/5727/clusterClusters in our samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster name (Cluster)meta.id.parentcharNbrNumber of stars in the clustermeta.numberint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/MNRAS/513/5727/table2Our stars cluster selected sampleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifier (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainGaia-DR2Link to Gaia DR2 Collaboration 2018A&A...616A...1G, Cat. I/345meta.ref.urlcharP3D3D kinematic membership probabilities P_3D_ (MEM3D)stat.probabilityfloatGmagG apparent magnitude (Vega) de-reddened photometric from GaiaDR2 (Gmag)magphot.mag;em.optfloate_GmagMean error of Gmag (eGmag)magstat.error;phot.magfloatKsmag2MASS Ks apparent mangitude infrared at 2.159 {mu}m (Vega) de-reddened photometry (Ksmag)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagMean error of Ksmag (eKsmag)magstat.error;phot.magfloatEW(Li)? Li 670.8 nm equivalent width measurements derived from our independent analysis of GESiDR6 spectra see section 2.4 Li equivalent widths (EWLi)0.0001nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.Rintnullablee_EW(Li)? Mean error of EW (Li) (eEWLi)0.0001nmstat.errorintnullableEW(Ha)? Chromospheric H{alpha} 656.281 nm equivalent widths EW(H{alpha}_CHR_) from the GESiDR6 (Ha10)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_EW(Ha)? Mean error of EW (Ha) (eHa10)0.1nmstat.errordoublenullableVsini? Projected rotational velocities (vsini)km/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablee_Vsini? Mean error of Vsini (evsini)km/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullableM*00th percentile of M* (mass_00)solMassphys.mass;stat.paramfloatM*4040th percentile of M* (mass_40)solMassphys.mass;stat.paramfloatM*6060th percentile of M* (mass_60)solMassphys.mass;stat.paramfloatM*8080th percentile of M* (mass_80)solMassphys.mass;stat.paramfloatlogTeff0Logarithm of 0th percentile of T_eff_ (logTeff_00)log(K)phys.temperature.effective;stat.paramfloatlogTeff40Logarithm of 40th percentile of T_eff_ (logTeff_40)log(K)phys.temperature.effective;stat.paramfloatlogTeff60Logarithm of 60th percentile of T_eff_ (logTeff_60)log(K)phys.temperature.effective;stat.paramfloatlogTeff80Logarithm of 80th percentile of T_eff_ (logTeff_80)log(K)phys.temperature.effective;stat.paramfloatG0mag0th percentile of Gmag (Gmag0)magphot.mag;em.opt;stat.paramfloatKs0mag0th percentile of Ksmag (Ksmag0)magphot.mag;em.IR.K;stat.paramfloat_RAPosition from Gaia DR2 Gaia Collaboration 2018A&A...616A...1G; Cat. I/345 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Gaia DR2 Gaia Collaboration 2018A&A...616A...1G; Cat. I/345 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainClusterCluster name (Cluster)meta.id.parentcharSpTypeSpectral type for K and M stars (SpT)src.spTypecharJ/MNRAS/513/5727/tableb2TESS and literature rotation periods and the final adopted rotation period to be used for analysisrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster name (Cluster)meta.id.parentcharGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifier (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainGaia-DR2Link to Gaia DR2 Collaboration 2018A&A...616A...1G, Cat. I/345meta.ref.urlcharPTF