Flare detections of TOI host stars J/MNRAS/512/L60 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/512/L60 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-g0/wga CDS Howard W.S. 2026-08-03T07:31:22Z 2025-06-16T14:36:46Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr multiple-stars exoplanets stellar-flares stellar-atmospheres transient-sources orbits astronomical-object-identification astrometry photometry visible-astronomy stellar-distance stellar-masses Although more than 5000 TESS Objects of Interest have been catalogued, no comprehensive survey of the flare rates of their host stars exists. We perform the first flare survey of all 2250 non-retired TOIs with 2-min cadence light curves to measure or place upper limits on their flare rates. We find 93 candidates orbit flare stars and measure their flare frequency distributions. Across the sample, TOIs of <= 1.5R_{Earth}_ orbit flare stars more frequently than do TOIs of 1.5 < R < 2.75R_{Earth}_, 2.75 < R< 4R_{Earth}_, or R => 4R_{Earth}_. We sort all TOI host stars by their flare rate/upper limit, stellar mass, and distance to create a flare ranking metric (FRM) to determine suitability for follow-up. The FRM of each TOI is then checked against the expected signal-to-noise of atmospheric features in transmission spectroscopy to locate the most promising targets. We find 1/4 of terrestrial M-dwarf planets amenable to transmission spectroscopy orbit flare stars. However, none of the M-dwarf hosts to terrestrial planets are currently flaring at sufficient levels for > 99.9 per cent atmospheric ozone depletion. We give the first upper limits on the flare rate of the host star to TOI 700 d and explore the flare rates incident on young planets such as DS Tuc Ab. 2022MNRAS.512L..60H https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/512/L60 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021) J/ApJ/926/204 : TESS monitoring campaign of low-mass flare stars (Howard+,2022) J/A+A/623/A72 : Binarity of Hipparcos stars from Gaia pm anomaly J/AJ/160/188 : Spectroscopic transit depths of LHS 3844b (Diamond-Lowe+, 2020) I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018) IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019) I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 https://exofop.ipac.caltech.edu/tess/ : ExoFOP data https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/512/L60 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/512/L60 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/512/L60 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/512/L60 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/512/L60 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/512/L60 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/512/L60/table1 (Flares catalog of all 2250 TOIs with 2-min cadence TESS data and a non false positive disposition) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/512/L60/table1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/512/L60/table1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/512/L60/table1? 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46259 46316 46333 46338 46365 46388 46394 46398 46405 46414 46421-46422 46429 46432 46437 46439 46446 46462-46463 46467 46469 46476 46544 46546 46549 46557 46561 46575 46616 46641 46651 46653 46665 46693 46738 46771 46780 46854 46873 46887 46913 46935 46952 46959 46975 46996 47000 47015 47061 47089 47125 47133 47154 47166-47168 47186 47194 47215 47279 47307 47310 47326-47327 47330 47358 47395 47406 47435 47449 47476-47477 47488 47504 47658 47697 47717-47718 47809 47909 47928 47949 48005 48009 48018 48130 48143 48160 48164 48178 48240 48243 48251 48274 48293 48327 48338 48353 48358 48415 48447 48486 48496 48521 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/512/L60?format=ascii Optical default J/MNRAS/512/L60/table1 Flares catalog of all 2250 TOIs with 2-min cadence TESS data and a non false positive disposition recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int TOI TESS Objects of Interest identifier number (TOI) meta.id;meta.main float Rp Planet radius (planet_radius_Re) (1) (6.3781x10+6m) phys.size.radius float e_Rp ? Mean uncertainty of Rp (e_planet_radius_Re) (6.3781x10+6m) stat.error float nullable Orb ? Planet orbital distance (orb_dist_au) au pos.distance float nullable e_Orb ? Mean uncertainty of Orb (e_orb_dist_au) au stat.error float nullable Per ? Planet orbital period (orb_period_d) (2) d time.period float nullable e_Per ? Mean uncertainty of Per (e_orb_period_d) d stat.error float nullable Priority TOI flare order of priority from 1 to 5 ranks (master_priority) meta.code int TIC TESS input catalog identifier (TICID) meta.id Bin Binary flag takes whether 2 for 2167 sources or 3 for 83 sources (table_bool) (4) meta.code int GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 unique identifier number (GAIA_ID) meta.id.assoc RA_ICRS Barycentric right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (coord_RA) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DE_ICRS Barycentric declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (coord_Dec) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main Tmag TESS magnitude from TIC Stassun et al. 2019AJ....158..138S, Cat. IV/38 (Tmags) mag phot.mag;em.opt double D* ? Stellar distance from TIC Stassun et al. 2019AJ....158..138S, Cat. IV/38 (stellar_distance_pc) pc pos.distance double nullable f_D* [0/1] Stellar distance availability flag, 0 for 2246 sources and 1 for 4 sources (stellar_distance_bool) meta.code int M* ? Stellar mass from TIC Stassun et al. 2019AJ....158..138S, Cat. IV/38 (stellar_mass) solMass phys.mass float nullable e_M* Mean uncertainty of M* (e_stellar_mass) solMass stat.error double Binarity Binarity boolean takes whether 0 for 2212 sources or 1 for 38 sources (binarity_bool) (4) meta.code int Contam Flag which tags source contamination is likely present, takes 0 for 2079 sources or 1 for 171 sources (contam_bool) meta.code int ExpBin Exposed binarity boolean takes whether 0 for 2247 sources or 1 for 3 sources (expbinarity_bool) meta.code int Obs Observation time (obs_time_d) s time.expo float Nfl Number of flares observed (N_flares) meta.number int EminU Smallest energy flare used to detect flares (MinUse_Erg) 1e-07J phys.energy;em.opt float Emin100 Smallest energy flare that would be recovered 100 per cent of the time (MinCompl_Erg) 1e-07J phys.energy;em.opt float EDU Smallest the equivalent duration used for detection of each flare obtained by integrating the fractional flux between the start and stop times in seconds (MinUse_ED) s time.interval float ED100 Smallest the equivalent duration would be recovered 100 per cent of the time (MinCompl_ED) s time.interval float ED The equivalent duration flare rate (ED_flare_rate) yr**-1 meta.number float 1-alpha Fit parameter 1-{alpha} from flare frequency distribution FFD computations (one_min_alpha_ffd) (5) stat.fit.param float e_1-alpha ? Lower uncertainty of 1-{alpha} from 1{sigma} confidence interval (e_one_min_alpha_ffd) stat.error float nullable E_1-alpha ? Upper uncertainty of 1-{alpha} from 1{sigma} confidence interval (E_one_min_alpha_ffd) stat.error;stat.max float nullable beta Fit parameter {beta} from flare frequency distribution FFD computations (beta_ffd) (5) stat.fit.param float e_beta ? Lower uncertainty of {beta} from 1{sigma} confidence interval (e_beta_ffd) stat.error float nullable E_beta ? Upper uncertainty of {beta} from 1{sigma} confidence interval (E_beta_ffd) stat.error;stat.max float nullable Nsuper The superflare rate number for energy flare equal or greater than 10^34^ erg (superflare_rate) yr**-1 meta.number double e_Nsuper ? Lower uncertainty of Nsuper from 1{sigma} confidence interval (e_superflare_rate) yr**-1 stat.error double nullable E_Nsuper ? Upper uncertainty of Nsuper from 1{sigma} confidence interval (E_superflare_rate) yr**-1 stat.error;stat.max double nullable FRM