J/MNRAS/511/1961ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/511/1961doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75111961CDSHashimoto T.Goto T.Chen B.H.Ho S.C.-C.Hsiao T.Y.-Y.Wong Y.H.V.,On A.Y.L.Kim S.J.Kilerci-Eser E.Huang K.-C.Santos D.J.D.,Yamasaki S.2025-03-03T20:14:25Z2025-02-17T12:17:36ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frpulsarsradio-sourcesradio-galaxiesspectroscopyastrometryspectral-energy-distributionredshiftedFast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious millisecond pulses in radio, most of which originate from distant galaxies. Revealing the origin of FRBs is becoming central in astronomy. The redshift evolution of the FRB energy function, i.e. the number density of FRB sources as a function of energy, provides important implications for the FRB progenitors. Here, we show the energy functions of FRBs selected from the recently released Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) catalogue using the V_max_ method. The V_max_ method allows us to measure the redshift evolution of the energy functions as it is without any prior assumption on the evolution. We use a homogeneous sample of 164 non- repeating FRB sources, which are about one order of magnitude larger than previously investigated samples. The energy functions of non-repeating FRBs show Schechter function-like shapes at z <~ 1. The energy functions and volumetric rates of non-repeating FRBs decrease towards higher redshifts similar to the cosmic stellar-mass density evolution: there is no significant difference between the non-repeating FRB rate and cosmic stellar-mass density evolution with a 1 per cent significance threshold, whereas the cosmic star-formation rate scenario is rejected with a more than 99 per cent confidence level. Our results indicate that the event rate of non-repeating FRBs is likely controlled by old populations rather than young populations that are traced by the cosmic star- formation rate density. This suggests old populations, such as old neutron stars and black holes, as more likely progenitors of non-repeating FRBs.2022MNRAS.511.1961Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/511/1961CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/257/59 : First CHIME/FRB Fast Radio Burst Catalog (CHIME/FRB Col.+,2021)J/other/PASA/33.45 : FRBCAT The Fast Radio Burst (FRB) Catalog (Petroff+,2016)https://www.chime-frb.ca/catalog : CHIME/FRB home page catalog datahttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/511/1961https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/511/1961http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/511/1961https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/511/1961https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/511/1961http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/511/1961GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/511/1961/table (CHIME FRBs catalog with new added results data from this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/511/1961/table?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/511/1961/table?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/511/1961/table?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true93.4267.10.0055555555555555566/455 492 637 663 692 719 771 787 822 971 982 1199 1238 1267 1277 1320 1398 1454 1629 1654 1742 1832 1858 1885 2023 2034 2056 2065 2085 2088 2099 2123 2182 2327 2334 2773 2823 2876 2914 2916 2971 3029 3084 3117 3147 3178 3199 3318 3330 3350 3386 3401 3444 3528 3563 3567 3575 3623 3648 3678 3683 3785 3816 3855 3892 3902 3929 3933-3934 3952 3961 3964 3966 3993 4017 4022 4033 4039 4051 4053 4057 4068-4069 4071 4085-4087 4092 4095 4097 4157 4179 4246 4394 4546 4789 4800 4817 5093 5266 5363 5395 5398 5503 5525 5553 5608 5611 5639 5643 5646 5678 5798 5801 5883 5899 5975 6102 6121 6134 6142 6341 6351 6404 6565 6569 6671 6770 6773 6816 6833 6983 6986 7021-7022 7042 7051 7112 7215 7243 7283 7343 7345 7390 7405 7447 7495 7509 7535 7543 7612 7632 7661-7662 7682 7698 7713 7717 7750 7763 7773 7815 7821 7843 7852 7859 7868 7872 7923 7929 7950 7975 7981 7983 8015 8019 8035 8063 8072 8111 8123 8142 8145 8152-8154 8171 8183-8184 8186 8191 8227 8553 8656 8805 8927 8957 9008 9016 9024 9093 9121 9168 9259 9337 9457 9533 9544 9619 9632 9671 9693 9707 9725 9731 9761 9813 9824 9872 9884 9956 10004 10015 10073 10085 10115 10170 10174 10194 10220 10227 10230 10259 10353 10369 10484 10551 10567 10710 10729 10834 10952 11063 11117 11166 11177 11180 11186-11187 11202 11231 11244 11331 11405 11455 11494 11536 11566 11570 11616 11629 11647 11668 11681 11727 11731 11748 11766 11770 11831 11838 11851 11914 11940 11967 11977 11995 11999 12024 12086 12098 12104 12132 12134 12146 12150 12157 12195 12210-12211 12213 12220 12222 12229 12231 12271 12275 12277 12282 12286-12287 12620 12978 13112 13121 13135 13158 13213 13222 13314 13354 13369 13617 13688 13690 13737 13770 13778 13803 13927 13931 13941 13943 14101 14114 14220 14401 14427 14476 14765 14861 14975 15244 15288 15309 15312 15329 15341 15466 15518 15524 15537 15539 15590 15814 15843 15873 15902 15908 15912 15969 15989 16081 16115 16137 16149 16156 16159 16169 16171 16174 16215 16235 16244 16287 16298 16310 16315 16330-16331 16340 16347 16363 16366 16371 16373 16375-16376 16383 17611 17881 17898 18023 18167 18385 18410 19153 19227 19469 19522 19547 19581 19635 19862 19869 19876 19890 19960 20021 20053 20102 20230 20435 20457 22084 22297 22315 22321 22447 22757 23030 23036 23233 23411 23470 23544 23788 23974 24019 24095 24112 24123 24255 24284 24316 24367 24379 24507 24563 25887 26215 26233 26391 26605 26619 26895 27131 27485 27856 28150 28189 28273 28278 28326 28370 28433 28471 28519 28552 28555 28576 28647 28663 30079 31049 31153 31243 31359 31579 31603 31626 31635 31870 31979 31995 32053 32062 32101 32235 32280 32404 32415 32439 32538 32541 32761 409402.6504278676176564e-25 2.6504278676176564e-25https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/511/1961?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/511/1961/tableCHIME FRBs catalog with new added results data from this workWeightDM? Weight factor of DMobs (weight_DM)stat.weightdoublenullablen_ExpLoNotes on exposure for lower transit of the source (exp_low_notes) (1)meta.notecharb_WeightedlogrhoA[]? The +1{sigma} of weighted_logrhoA. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - weighted_logrhoA (weighted_logrhoA_error_p)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)stat.weight;stat.maxdoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharDnuobsObserved spectral band width. Common for sub-bursts. i.e. high_freq-low_freq for FRBs without multiple sub-bursts and max(high_freq)-min(low_freq) for FRBs with multipleMHzinstr.bandwidthfloatzDMRedshift derived from a dispersion measure. 50 percentile of the probability distribution function (PDF) (z_DM)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatb_zDM[] The +1{sigma} of z_DM. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - z_DM (z_DM_error_p)stat.error;stat.maxdoubleB_zDM[] The -1{sigma} of z_DM. z_DM - 15.865 percentile of the PDF (z_DM_error_m)stat.error;stat.mindoubleEobs400Observed energy integrated over 400 MHz at emitter's frame. 50 percentile of the PDF (E_obs_400)Jy.ms.Hzphot.flux.density;em.radio.200-400MHzdoubleb_Eobs400[] The +1{sigma} of E_obs_400. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - E_obs_400 (E_obs_400_error_p)Jy.ms.Hzphot.flux.density;em.radio.200-400MHz;stat.maxdoubleB_Eobs400[] The -1{sigma} of E_obs_400. E_obs_400 - 15.865 percentile of the PDF (E_obs_400_error_m)Jy.ms.Hzphot.flux.density;em.radio.200-400MHz;stat.mindoublelogSubwIntRestLog rest-frame intrinsic duration of a sub-burst in the logarithmic scale. 50 percentile of the PDF. Different for sub-bursts. (logsubw_int_rest)log(ms)instr.scalefloatb_logSubwIntRest[] The +1{sigma} of logsubw_int_rest. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - subw_int_rest. Different for sub-bursts. (logsubw_int_rest_error_p)log(ms)instr.scale;stat.maxdoubleB_logSubwIntRest[] The -1{sigma} of logsubw_int_rest. logsubw_int_rest - 15.865 percentile of the PDF. Different for sub-bursts. (logsubw_int_rest_error_m)log(ms)instr.scale;stat.mindoublezSpec_z if available, otherwise z_DM (z)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatE_zSpec_z error if spec_z is available, otherwise z_DM_error_p (z_error_p)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_zSpec_z error if spec_z is available, otherwise z_DM_error_m (z_error_m)src.redshift;stat.error;stat.mindoublelogEemit400? Radio energy in the logarithmic scale integrated over 400 MHz at emitter's frame. 50 percentile of the PDF (logE_rest_400)log(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatnullableb_logEemit400? The +1{sigma} of logE_rest_400. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - logE_rest_400 (logE_rest_400_error_p)log(1e-07J)phys.energy;stat.maxdoublenullableB_logEemit400[]? The -1{sigma} of logE_rest_400. logE_rest_400 -15.865 percentile of the PDF (logE_rest_400_error_m)log(1e-07J)phys.energy;stat.mindoublenullablelogrhoA? The number density in the logarithmic scale derived by the Vmax method and redshift bin A. Uncorrected for the selection functions (logrhoA)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)phys.densityfloatnullableb_logrhoA[]? The +1{sigma} of logrhoA. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - logrhoA (logrhoA_error_p)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)phys.density;stat.maxdoublenullableB_logrhoA[]? The -1{sigma} of logrhoA. logrhoA - 15.865 percentile of the PDF (logrhoA_error_m)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)phys.density;stat.mindoublenullablelogrhoB? The number density in the logarithmic scale derived by the Vmax method and redshift bin B. Uncorrected for the selection functions (logrhoB)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)phys.densityfloatnullableb_logrhoB[]? The +1{sigma} of logrhoB. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - logrhoB (logrhoB_error_p)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)phys.density;stat.maxdoublenullableB_logrhoB[]? The -1{sigma} of logrhoB. logrhoB - 15.865 percentile of the PDF (logrhoB_error_m)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)phys.density;stat.mindoublenullableb_WeightDM? The +1{sigma} of weight_DM. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - weight_DM (weight_DM_error_p)stat.weight;stat.maxdoublenullableB_WeightDM[]? The -1{sigma} of weight_DM. weight_DM -15.865 percentile of the PDF (weight_DM_error_m)stat.weight;stat.mindoublenullableWeightscat? Weight factor of scattering time {tau}_scat (weight_scat)stat.weightdoublenullableb_Weightscat? The +1{sigma} of weight_scat. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - weight_scat (weight_scat_error_p)stat.weight;stat.maxdoublenullableB_Weightscat[]? The -1{sigma} of weight_scat. weight_scat -15.865 percentile of the PDF (weight_scat_error_m)stat.weight;stat.mindoublenullableWeightwint? Weight factor of long intrinsic duration w_int_ (weight_w_int)stat.weightdoublenullableb_Weightwint? The +1{sigma} of weight_w_int. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - weight_w_int (weight_w_int_error_p)stat.weight;stat.maxdoublenullableB_Weightwint[]? The -1{sigma} of weight_w_int. weight_w_int -15.865 percentile of the PDF (weight_w_int_error_m)stat.weight;stat.mindoublenullableWeightFluence? Weight factor of fluence (weight_fluence)stat.weightdoublenullableb_WeightFluence[]? The +1{sigma} of weight_fluence. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - weight_fluence (weight_fluence_error_p)stat.weight;stat.maxdoublenullableB_WeightFluence[]? The -1{sigma} of weight_fluence. weight_fluence -15.865 percentile of the PDF (weight_fluence_error_m)stat.weight;stat.mindoublenullableWeight? Weight_DM*weight_scat* weight_w_int*weight_fluence (weight)stat.weightdoublenullableb_Weight[]? The +1{sigma} of weight. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - weight (weight_error_p)stat.weight;stat.maxdoublenullableB_Weight[]? The -1{sigma} of weight. weight -15.865 percentile of the PDF (weight_error_m)stat.weight;stat.mindoublenullableWeightedlogrhoA? The number density in the logarithmic scale (redshift bin A) corrected for the selection functions (weighted_logrhoA)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)stat.weightdoublenullableB_WeightedlogrhoA[]? The -1{sigma} of weighted_logrhoA. weighted_logrhoA -15.865 percentile of the PDF (weighted_logrhoA_error_m)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)stat.weight;stat.mindoublenullableWeightedlogrhoB? The number density in the logarithmic scale (redshift bin B) corrected for the selection functions (weighted_logrhoB)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)stat.weightdoublenullableb_WeightedlogrhoB[]? The +1{sigma} of weighted_logrhoB. 84.135 percentile of the PDF - weighted_logrhoB (weighted_logrhoB_error_p)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)stat.weight;stat.maxdoublenullableB_WeightedlogrhoB[]? The -1{sigma} of weighted_logrhoB. weighted_logrhoB -15.865 percentile of the PDF (weighted_logrhoB_error_m)log(Gpc**-3.yr**-1)stat.weight;stat.mindoublenullableSNRDetection SNR (bonsai_snr)stat.snr;instr.saturationfloatDMDetection dispersion measure, DM (bonsai_dm)pc.cm**-3phys.dispMeasure;instr.dispersionfloatbFt68Lower limit fluence threshold (68% confidence) (low_ft_68)Jy.msphot.fluencefloatBFt68Upper limit fluence threshold (68% confidence) (up_ft_68)Jy.msphot.fluencefloatbFt95Lower limit fluence threshold (95% confidence) (low_ft_95)Jy.msphot.fluencefloatBFt95Upper limit fluence threshold (95% confidence) (up_ft_95)Jy.msphot.fluencefloatSNRfitbSNR determined using the fitting algorithm fitburst (snr_fitb)stat.snrfloatDMfitbDispersion measure DM determined using the fitting algorithm fitburst (dm_fitb) (2)pc.cm**-3phys.dispMeasure;instr.dispersiondoublee_DMfitbDispersion measure DM error determined using the fitting algorithm fitburst (dm_fitb_err) (2)pc.cm**-3stat.errorfloatDMeNE2001Dispersion measure DM excess between DM determined by fitburst + NE2001 (dm_exc_ne2001) (3)pc.cm**-3phys.dispMeasure;instr.dispersionfloate_spRunSpectral running error for the sub-burst (sp_run_err)stat.errorfloatBFreqHighest frequency band of detection for the sub-burst at FWTM (high_freq)MHzem.freq;stat.maxfloatbFreqLowest frequency band of detection for the sub-burst at FWTM (low_freq)MHzem.freq;stat.minfloatFpkPeak frequency for the sub-burst (peak_freq)MHzem.freqfloatchi2Fit {chi}^2 from fitburst (chi_sq)stat.fit.param;meta.modelleddoubledofNumber of deg of freedom in fitburst (dof)meta.idintFracFraction of spectral channels flagged in fitburst (flag_frac)stat.fit.paramfloatFlag[0/1] Flag (excluded_flag) (6)meta.code.errorintl_Widthfitb[0/1] The width_fitb indicate upper limits if 1. Otherwise 0. Different for sub-bursts. (width_fitb_upper_flag)meta.code.errorintl_logSubwIntRest[0/1] The logsubw_int_rest indicate upper limits if 1. Otherwise 0. Different for sub-bursts. (logsubw_int_rest_upper_flag)meta.code.errorintl_Scat[0/1] The scat_time indicates the upper limit if 1. Otherwise 0 (scat_upper_flag)meta.code.errorintzSpecSpectroscopic redshift if available. Otherwise -9999 (spec_z)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricdoublef_zSpecThe spec_z is available if 1. Otherwise 0 (spec_z_flag)meta.codeintFlagmsubFlag 1 if the row belongs to multiple sub-bursts. 0 means FRBs without sub-bursts (subb_flag)meta.code.errorintFlagsup[1] The subb_p_flag = 1 can be used when sub-burst parameters are used. All rows have 1. (subb_p_flag)meta.code.errorintFlagsubThe common_p_flag = 1 can be used when common parameters are used. For each tns_name, the first sub-burst indicates 1. Different for sub-bursts. (common_p_flag)meta.code.errorintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTNS name (tns_name)meta.id;meta.maincharONamePrevious name (previous_name)meta.idcharRpNameAssociated repeater name if any or "-9999" (repeater_name)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RAJ2000Right ascension error; see Section 3.2 (ra_err)degstat.error;pos.eq.radoublen_RAJ2000Notes on right ascension (ra_notes) (1)meta.notecharDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000Declination error; see Section 3.2 (dec_err)degstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublen_DEJ2000Notes on declination (dec_notes) (1)meta.notecharGLONGalactic longitude (gl)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (gb)degpos.galactic.latfloatExpUpExposure for upper transit of the source (exp_up)htime.duration;obs.exposurefloate_ExpUpExposure error for upper transit of the source (exp_up_err)hstat.errorfloatn_ExpUpNotes on exposure for upper transit of the source (exp_up_notes) (1)meta.notecharExpLo? Exposure for lower transit of the source (exp_low)htime.duration;obs.exposurefloatnullablee_ExpLo? Exposure error for lower transit of the source (exp_low_err)hstat.errorfloatnullableDMeYMW16Dispersion measure DM excess between DM determined by fitburst + YMW16 (dm_exc_ymw16) (3)pc.cm**-3phys.dispMeasure;instr.dispersionfloatBcWidthBoxcar width of the pulse (bc_width)ssrc.var.pulsedoubleScatScattering time at 600MHz (scat_time) (2)stime;arith.diffdoublee_Scat? Scattering time error (scat_time_err) (2)sstat.errordoublenullableFluxPeak flux of the band-average profile (lower limit) (flux)Jyphot.flux.density;em.radio.400-750MHzfloate_FluxFlux error (flux_err)Jystat.error;phot.fluxfloatn_FluxNotes on lower bound fluxes (flux_notes) (1)meta.notecharFluenceFluence (lower limit) (fluence)Jy.msphot.fluencefloate_FluenceFluence error (fluence_err)Jy.msstat.error;phot.fluencefloatn_FluenceNotes on lower bound fluences (fluence_notes) (1)meta.notecharNsbSub-burst number (sub_num) (4)meta.numberintMJD400Time of arrival with reference to 400.1953125MHz; Modified Julian Date (mjd_400) (5)dtime.epochdoublee_MJD400Error on MJD400 (mjd_400_err) (5)dstat.errordoubleMJDinfTime of arrival with reference to infinite frequency (mjd_inf) (5)dtime.epochdoublee_MJDinfTime of arrival error with reference to infinite frequency (mjd_inf_err) (5)dstat.errordoubleWidthfitbWidth of sub-burst using fitburst (width_fitb)ssrc.var.pulsedoublee_Widthfitb? Width error of sub-burst using fitburst (width_fitb_err)sstat.errordoublenullableSpIndSpectral index for the sub-burst (sp_idx)spect.indexfloate_SpIndSpectral index error for the sub-burst (sp_idx_err)stat.errorfloatspRunSpectral running for the sub-burst (sp_run)phot.flux.densityfloatEobsFluence (Jy ms) * {Delta}v, where {Delta}v is the band width of 400 MHz at observer's frame (E_obs)Jy.ms.Hzphot.flux.density;em.radio.200-400MHzdoublee_EobsError of E_obs (E_obs_error)Jy.ms.Hzstat.errordouble