J/MNRAS/509/421ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/509/421doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75090421CDSNetopil M.Oralhan I. A.Cakmak H.Michel R.Karatas Y.2024-08-21T20:19:01Z2021-11-26T14:55:22ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyopen-star-clustersmetallicityDuring the last years and decades, several individual studies and large-scale spectroscopic surveys significantly improved our knowledge of the Galactic metallicity distribution based on open clusters. The availability of Gaia data provided a further step forward in our knowledge. However, still some open issues remain, for example, the influence of radial migration on the interpretation of the observed gradients. We used spectroscopic metallicities from individual studies and from the APOGEE survey to compile a sample of 136 open clusters, with a membership verification based on Gaia DR2. Additionally, we present photometric metallicity estimates of 14 open clusters in a somewhat outer Galactic region. Eight age groups allow us to study the evolution of the metallicity gradient in detail, showing within the errors an almost constant gradient of about -0.06dex/kpc. Furthermore, using the derived gradients and an analysis of the individual objects, we estimate a mean migration rate of 1kpc/Gyr for objects up to about 2Gyr. Here, the change of the guiding radius is clearly the main contributor. For older and dynamically hotter objects up to 6Gyr we infer a lower migration rate of up to 0.5kpc/Gyr. The influence of epicyclic excursions increases with age and contributes already about 1 kpc to the total migration distance after 6Gyr. A comparison of our results with available models shows good agreement. However, there is still a lack of a suitable coverage of older objects, future studies are still needed to provide a better sampling in this respect.2022MNRAS.509..421Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/509/421CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/476/217 : Fundamental parameters of 5 old open clusters (Carraro+ 2007)J/MNRAS/393/272 : Spectroscopy of red giants in 12 open clusters (Warren+ 2009)J/AJ/139/1942 : EW of red giants in 6 open clusters (Friel+, 2010)J/AJ/142/59 : Chemical abundance in 10 open clusters (Jacobson+, 2011)J/A+A/603/A2 : Gaia-ESO Survey abundances radial distributionJ/AJ/159/199 : OCCAM. IV. Open cluster abundances using APOGEE DR16J/A+A/647/A19 : 3D Kinematics and age of OCs (Tarricq+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/509/421https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/509/421http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/509/421https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/509/421https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/509/421http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/509/421GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/509/421/table4 (Physical parameters of the open clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/509/421/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/509/421/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/509/421/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true89.5470721.96540.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/509/421/table5 (Orbital parameters of the open clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/509/421/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/509/421/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/509/421/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true89.5470721.96540.0055555555555555566/463 1218 1302 1308 1335 1461 1464 1481 1514 1582 1781-1782 2395 2436 3015 3052 3057 3062 3076 3091 3138 3149 3168 3277 3613 3633 4078 4298 4698 6149 14014 14175 14225 14246 14575 14749 14752 15121 15379 15417 15432 15595 15759 16490 20562 20797 20814 20863 20903 20939 20957 20989 21372 21529 21531 21538 21557 21567 21586 21719 21741 22093 22097 22111 22130 22134 22216 22239 22433 22499 22871 22887 23410 23538 23580 23612 23620 23633 23637-23638 23645 23677 23761 23861 23906 24121 24329-24330 24344-24345 24376 24465 24476 24489 24491 24502 24522 28481 28711 29066 29269 29728 30215 30308 30439 31790 31812 32089 37231 37343 37351 37592 37724 37790 37867 37906 37920 37933 37971 38242 39131 39356 39775 39901 39912 39931 40104 40490 40625 40696 41461 41613 41649 41834 42177 42216 42274 42387 42396 42402 42464 43022 43034 43140https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/509/421?format=asciidefaultJ/MNRAS/509/421/table4Physical parameters of the open clustersNameOpen cluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGLONGalactic longitude of the clusterdegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude of the clusterdegpos.galactic.latlogAgeAdopted age (logt) of the clusterlog(yr)time.agefloatDistAdopted distance in kpckpcpos.distancefloat[Fe/H]Fe over H (in dex)phys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H]? [Fe/H] error (in dex)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatnullableNstarsNumber of stars used for [Fe/H]meta.numberintNmeas? Number of measurements used for [Fe/H]meta.numberintnullabler_[Fe/H]Origin of [Fe/H] (Apogee, HQ or LQ sample)meta.refcharRgcGalactocentric distance in kpckpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/MNRAS/509/421/table5Orbital parameters of the open clustersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameOpen cluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharGLONGalactic longitude of the clusterdegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude of the clusterdegpos.galactic.latRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RV? RV errorkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableNstarsNumber of stars used for RVmeta.numberintr_RVReferences for RVmeta.ref;pos.framecharRgcGalactocentric distance in kpckpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatApoApocentre distance of the cluster orbitkpcpos.distancefloatPeriPericentre distance of the cluster orbitkpcpos.distancefloatRguideGuiding radius of the clusterkpcphys.size.radiusfloatRbirthBirth radius of the clusterkpcphys.size.radiusfloatEccEccentricity of the cluster orbitsrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatZmaxMaximum distance above Galactic planekpcpos.distance;stat.maxfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/MNRAS/509/421/gridDifferential evolutionary gridsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogAgeAge (logt) of the differential gridlog(yr)time.age;arith.difffloatlogLLuminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatTN0.004Normalized effective temperature for Z=0.004 (1)phys.temperature.effectivefloatTN0.006Normalized effective temperature for Z=0.006 (1)phys.temperature.effectivefloatTN0.010? Normalized effective temperature for Z=0.010 (1)phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableTN0.014? Normalized effective temperature for Z=0.014 (1)phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableTN0.020? Normalized effective temperature for Z=0.020 (1)phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableTN0.030? Normalized effective temperature for Z=0.030 (1)phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableTN0.040? Normalized effective temperature for Z=0.040 (1)phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableJ/MNRAS/509/421/zamsThe ZAMS used for the differential evolutionary gridsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogLLuminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatlogTeffEffective temperaturelog(K)phys.temperature.effectivefloat