J/MNRAS/509/2566ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/509/2566doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75092566CDSMolnar T.A.Sanders J.L.SmithL.C.Belokurov V.Lucas P.Minniti D.2024-08-21T20:19:00Z2022-03-23T16:40:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysvariable-starseclipsing-binary-starsWe present VIVACE, the VIrac VAriable Classification Ensemble, a catalogue of variable stars extracted from an automated classification pipeline for the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) infrared survey of the Galactic bar/bulge and southern disc. Our procedure utilises a two-stage hierarchical classifier to first isolate likely variable sources using simple variability summary statistics and training sets of non-variable sources from the Gaia early third data release, and then classify candidate variables using more detailed light curve statistics and training labels primarily from OGLE and VSX. The methodology is applied to point-spread-function photometry for ~490 million light curves from the VIRAC v2 astrometric and photometric catalogue resulting in a catalogue of ~1.4 million likely variable stars, of which ~39000 are high-confidence (classification probability >0.9) RR Lyrae ab stars, ~8000 RR Lyrae c/d stars, ~187000 detached/semi-detached eclipsing binaries, ~18000 contact eclipsing binaries, ~1400 classical Cepheid variables and ~2200 Type II Cepheid variables. Comparison with OGLE-4 suggests a completeness of around 90 per cent for RRab and ~60 per cent for RRc/d, and a misclassification rate for known RR Lyrae stars of around 1 per cent for the high confidence sample. We close with two science demonstrations of our new VIVACE catalogue: first, a brief investigation of the spatial and kinematic properties of the RR Lyrae stars within the disc/bulge, demonstrating the spatial elongation of bar-bulge RR Lyrae stars is in the same sense as the more metal-rich red giant population whilst having a slower rotation rate of ~40 km s-1kpc-1; and secondly, an investigation of the Gaia EDR3 parallax zeropoint using contact eclipsing binaries across the Galactic disc plane and bulge.2022MNRAS.509.2566Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/509/2566CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/337 : VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey DR1 (Saito+, 2012)II/348 : VISTA Variable in the Via Lactea Survey DR2 (Minniti+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/509/2566https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/509/2566http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/509/2566https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/509/2566https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/509/2566http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/509/2566GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/509/2566/vivace (VIrac VAriable Classification Ensemble catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/509/2566/vivace?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/509/2566/vivace?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/509/2566/vivace?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true250.1098883720297-43.23233248314680.0055555555555555563/448 450-451 4/1796 1798-1799 1810 2603 2610 2613 2638 2649 2652-2653 2655 5/7190-7191 7234-7235 7264 7266 7272 7301 7312-7313 7316-7317 7319 9473 9476-9477 10398-10399 10411 10417-10422 10424-10425 10438-10439 10444-10446 10449-10451 10456 10464 10538-10539 10541-10543 10550-10551 10556-10557 10583 10589-10591 10594-10595 10600 10617 10619 10624-10625 10628 10753-10756 10760 10762 11946-11947 6/28752 28754-28755 28758-28759 28954 28976 28978 29060-29062 29068 29070 29096-29098 29184-29185 29188-29189 29200-29201 29260-29261 29272-29273 29440 29442 29448 29450 37889 37891 37897 37900-37901 37912 37952 41466-41467 41469-41471 41582-41583 41590-41591 41627 41629-41631 41639 41665-41667 41692-41694 41704-41706 41708 41712 41742-41743 41750-41751 41788-41789 41793-41795 41828-41830 41832 41840-41841 41860-41861 41864 42150-42151 42162-42163 42187 42190-42191 42232-42234 42236-42237 42303 42325-42327 42331 42346-42347 42350-42351 42353 42355 42370-42371 42373-42375 42404-42406 42416-42417 42420-42421 42464-42465 42504-42506 42508-42509 42516-42518 42560-42561 42836-42837 43009-43011 43028-43030 43032-43034 43044-43046 43052 43136 47802-47803 47806-47807 478501.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/509/2566?format=asciidefaultJ/MNRAS/509/2566/vivaceVIrac VAriable Classification Ensemble catalogKsAmpMax-Min magnitude (ks_amplitude)magsrc.var.amplitudedoublelsqAmpd1Amplitude of the 1st Fourier term at twice the best-fitting Fourier period (lsq_amp_double_1)magtime.perioddoublelsqAmpd2Amplitude of the 2nd Fourier term at twice the best-fitting Fourier period (lsq_amp_double_2)magtime.perioddoublelsqAmpd3Amplitude of the 3rd Fourier term at twice the best-fitting Fourier period (lsq_amp_double_3)magtime.perioddoublelsqAmpd4Amplitude of the 4th Fourier term at twice the best-fitting Fourier period (lsq_amp_double_4)magtime.perioddoublelsqphid1Phase of the 1st Fourier term at twice the best-fitting Fourier period (lsq_phi_double_1)radstat.Fourierdoublelsqphid2Phase of the 2nd Fourier term at twice the best-fitting Fourier period (lsq_phi_double_2)radstat.Fourierdoublelsqphid3Phase of the 3rd Fourier term at twice the best-fitting Fourier period (lsq_phi_double_3)radstat.Fourierdoublelsqphid4Phase of the 4th Fourier term at twice the best-fitting Fourier period (lsq_phi_double_4)radstat.FourierdoubleKsfracdetFraction of Ks observations beyond one standard deviation of mean magnitude (ks_frac_detections_outside_1sigma)stat.stdevdoublelsqdloglDifference in log- likelihood between Fourier fit and constant magnitude solution (no scaling of uncertainties) (delta_logl_lsq_const)stat.fit.paramdoublelog10LSfapBase-10 logarithm of the false-alarm probability from the Lomb-Scargle periodogram (log10_lombscargle_fap)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleKsphaseMaximum phase difference between consecutive observations in phase-folded lightcurve (ks_phasediff_max) (6)stat.errordoubleLSpowRatMaximum Lomb-Scargle power (max_pow) minus mean power all over standard deviation of power (lombscargle_pow_max_dev_std_ratio)stat.fit.paramdoubleKsphdiffRatMaximum phase difference in phase-folded Ks light-curve minus mean phase difference divided by standard deviation of phase differences (same caveat as ks_phasediff_max) (ks_phasediff_max_dev_std_ratio)stat.errordoubleSecMin[0/1] Flag indicating whether a significant secondary minimum is present (significant_second_minimum) (7)meta.codedoubleKsminRatModelRatio between consecutive minima in the best- fitting Fourier model (ks_consec_minimum_ratio_model) (8)stat.fit.paramdoubleKsminRatioData? Ratio between consecutive minima as computed using at least three measurements within at least 0.025 phase of minimum (ks_consec_minimum_ratio_data) (9)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableprob1ststage[0.65/1.0] Classification probability for the 1st stage of classification to distinguish between constant and variable sources (using the proportion of similar classifications by the trees) (prob_1st_stage)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleProbVar[0.5/1.0] Probability of variability from 2nd stage classifier (1-probability of constant source) (prob_var)src.vardoubleZscalefac? Factor by which the Fourier model for the Ks band needs to be scaled to match measurements in Z band (z_scale_factor)arith.factordoublenullableZrms/Ksrms? Ratio of the inverse-variance- weighted (from uncertainties) root- mean-squared (RMS) observations in Z band compared to RMS of Ks Fourier model evaluated at times of Z observations (z_rms_ks_rms_ratio)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableYscalefac? Factor by which the Fourier model for the Ks band needs to be scaled to match measurements in Y band (y_scale_factor)arith.factordoublenullableYrms/Ksrms? Ratio of the inverse-variance- weighted (from uncertainties) root-mean-squared (RMS) observations in Y band compared to RMS of Ks Fourier model evaluated at times of Y observations (y_rms_ks_rms_ratio)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableJscalefac? Factor by which the Fourier model for the Ks band needs to be scaled to match measurements in J band (j_scale_factor)arith.factordoublenullableJrms/Ksrms? Ratio of the inverse-variance- weighted (from uncertainties) root-mean-squared (RMS) observations in J band compared to RMS of Ks Fourier model evaluated at times of J observations (j_rms_ks_rms_ratio)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableHscalefac? Factor by which the Fourier model for the Ks band needs to be scaled to match measurements in H band (h_scale_factor)arith.factordoublenullableHrms/Ksrms? Ratio of the inverse- variance- weighted (from uncertainties) root-mean-squared (RMS) observations in H band compared to RMS of Ks Fourier model evaluated at times of H observations (h_rms_ks_rms_ratio)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableJ-Ks? Colour excess in (J-Ks) computed using the colour of red clump stars assuming (J-Ks)_0_=0.62 (ejk_rc) (10)magphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.KdoublenullableH-Ks? Colour excess in (H-Ks). Red clump assumed (H-Ks)_0_=0.09 (ehk_rc)magphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KdoublenullableZivwmag? Inverse-variance-weighted Z magnitude of all b-grade photometry (11)magphot.magdoublenullablee_Zivwmag? Inverse- variance-weighted uncertainty on Z magnitude (see z_ivw_mean_mag) (12)magphot.magdoublenullableYivwmag? Inverse-variance-weighted y magnitude of all b-grade photometry (11)magphot.magdoublenullablee_Yivwmag? Inverse-variance-weighted uncertainty on Y magnitude (see y_ivw_mean_mag) (12)magphot.magdoublenullableJivwmag? Inverse-variance-weighted J magnitude of all b-grade photometry (11)magphot.magdoublenullablee_Jivwmag? Inverse-variance-weighted uncertainty on J magnitude (see j_ivw_mean_mag) (12)magphot.magdoublenullableHivwmag? Inverse-variance-weighted H magnitude of all b-grade photometry (11)magphot.magdoublenullablee_Hivwmag? Inverse-variance-weighted uncertainty on H magnitude (see h_ivw_mean_mag) (12)magphot.magdoublenullables_KsmagStandard deviation of Ks magnitudes (note slightly different quality cuts compared to ks_std_mag) (ks_std_varstats)magstat.stdev;phot.magdoubleKsKurKurtosis of Ks magnitudes (ks_kurtosis)stat.fit.paramdoubleKsskewSkew of Ks magnitudes (ks_skew)stat.fit.paramdoubleKsp00th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p0)magstat.errordoubleKsp11st percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p1)magstat.errordoubleKsp22nd percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p2)magstat.errordoubleKsp44th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p3)magstat.errordoubleKsp55th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p5)magstat.errordoubleKsp88th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p8)magstat.errordoubleKsp1616th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p16)magstat.errordoubleKsp2525th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p25)magstat.errordoubleKsp3232nd percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p32)magstat.errordoubleKsp5050th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p50)magstat.errordoubleKsp6868th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p68)magstat.errordoubleKsp7575th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p75)magstat.errordoubleKsp8484th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p84)magstat.errordoubleKsp9292nd percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p92)magstat.errordoubleKsp9595th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p95)magstat.errordoubleKsp9696th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p96)magstat.errordoubleKsp9898th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p98)magstat.errordoubleKsp9999th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p99)magstat.errordoubleKsp100100th percentile of Ks photometry (ks_p100)magstat.errordoubleKsmadMedian absolute deviation of Ks magnitudes (ks_mad)magstat.stdevdoubleKsetavon Neumann ratio of the mean square successive magnitude difference to the variance (ks_eta) (13)stat.fit.paramdoublee_KsetaError-weighted von- Neumann ratio (ks_eta_e) (14)stat.errordoubleKsSinNumber of pairs of measurements (ks_stetson_in) (15)meta.numberintKsSI? Stetson I: correlation between consecutive brightness measurements (ks_stetson_i) (16)stat.correlationdoublenullableKsSJStetson J: correlation between consecutive brightness measurements (ks_stetson_j) (17)stat.correlationdoubleKsSKStetson K: robust kurtosis measure (ks_stetson_k) (18)stat.correlationdoubleGaiaEDR3? Gaia EDR3 source ID (gaia_edr3_source_id)meta.idnullablepmRA? Gaia EDR3 right ascension proper motion, pmRA*cosDE (gaia_edr3_pmra)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablepmDE? Gaia EDR3 declination proper motion (gaia_edr3_pmdec)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablee_Plx? Gaia EDR3 parallax uncertainty (gaia_edr3_parallax_error)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublenullablee_pmRA? Gaia EDR3 right ascension proper motion uncertainty (e_pmRA*cosDE) (gaia_edr3_pmra_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablee_pmDE? Gaia EDR3 declination proper motion uncertainty (gaia_edr3_pmdec_error)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullablePlxpmRAcor? Gaia EDR3 parallax pmra correlation (gaia_edr3_parallax_pmra_corr)stat.correlationdoublenullablePlxpmDEcor? Gaia EDR3 parallax pmdec correlation (gaia_edr3_parallax_pmdec_corr)stat.correlationdoublenullablepmRApmDEcor? Gaia EDR3 pmra pmdec correlation (gaia_edr3_pmra_pmdec_corr)stat.correlationdoublenullableGmag? Gaia EDR3 G magnitude (gaia_edr3_phot_g_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.optdoublenullableBPmag? Gaia EDR3 G_BP magnitude (gaia_edr3_phot_bp_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableRPmag? Gaia EDR3 G_RP magnitude (gaia_edr3_phot_rp_mean_mag)magphot.mag;em.opt.RdoublenullableSepVG? Angular separation between VIRAC2 and Gaia-EDR3 (corrected for epoch difference using proper motion from Gaia EDR3). Maximum separation = 0.5 (virac2_gedr3_sep)arcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullableE(B-V)? Schlegel, Finkbeiner & Davis (1998ApJ...500..525S) E(B-V) (ebv_schlegel)magphot.color.excessdoublenullableRUWE? Gaia EDR3 Reduced Unit Weight Error (gaia_edr3_ruwe)stat.errordoublenullableClassMost likely variability class (class) (1)src.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLSmaxpowMaximum power in Lomb- Scargle periodogram (lombscargle_max_pow)stat.fit.paramdouble_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decnullableindexedVIVACEUnique VIVACE source ID, a running index (vivace_id)meta.id;meta.mainintindexedProbPredicted probability of most likely variability class (prob) (2)meta.code.class;src.vardoublePeriodRecommended period (corrected for aliases where possible and matches conventions for EW) (period)dtime.perioddoubleRA_ICRSVIRAC-2 right ascension (ICRS) at epoch 2014.0 if proper motion computed (ra)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDE_ICRSVIRAC-2 declination (ICRS) at epoch 2014.0 if proper motion computed (dec)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedGLONGalactic longitude computed from VIRAC positions (l)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude computed from VIRAC positions (b)degpos.galactic.latdoublelsqKsEp[21/2052] Number of Ks epochs used in cleaned light curve (ks_lsq_n_epochs)meta.numberintlsqKsAmpAmplitude computed from the best-fitting Fourier series (ks_lsq_amplitude) (3)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoublelsqPerBest period from the Fourier least-squares routine (lsq_period) (4)dtime.period;meta.modelleddoublee_lsqPerError of best period from Fourier least-squares routine (lsq_period_error)dstat.errordoublelsqN[4/10] No. of Fourier terms used in best-fitting Fourier series (lsq_nterms) (5)meta.numberintlsqAmp1Amplitude of the 1st Fourier term (lsq_amp_1)magphys.atmol.termdoublelsqAmp2Amplitude of the 2nd Fourier term (lsq_amp_2)magphys.atmol.termdoublelsqAmp3Amplitude of the 3rd Fourier term (lsq_amp_3)magphys.atmol.termdoublelsqAmp4Amplitude of the 4th Fourier term (lsq_amp_4)magphys.atmol.termdoublelsqphi1Phase of the 1st Fourier term (lsq_phi_1)radstat.Fourierdoublelsqphi2Phase of the 2nd Fourier term (lsq_phi_2)radstat.Fourierdoublelsqphi3Phase of the 3rd Fourier term (lsq_phi_3)radstat.Fourierdoublelsqphi4Phase of the 4th Fourier term (lsq_phi_4)radstat.FourierdoubleRAGdeg? Gaia EDR3 right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016 (gaia_edr3_ra)degpos.eq.ranullableDEGdeg? Gaia EDR3 declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016 (gaia_edr3_dec)degpos.eq.decnullablePlx? Gaia EDR3 parallax (gaia_edr3_parallax)maspos.parallaxdoublenullableKsivwmagInverse-variance-weighted Ks magnitude of all b-grade photometry (11)magphot.magdoublee_KsivwmagInverse-variance-weighted uncertainty on Ks magnitude (see ks_ivw_mean_mag) (12)magphot.magfloatKsNphot[1/2074] Number of Ks detections used for statistics (ks_n_phot)meta.numberintKsNEp[21/2074] Number of Ks epochs used in computation of variability statistics employed in 1st classification stage (ks_varstats_n_epochs)meta.numberint