J/MNRAS/508/5757ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/508/5757doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75085757CDSDavies B.Plez B.2024-08-21T20:18:52Z2022-12-16T13:08:59ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupergiant-starsastronomical-modelsspectroscopyThe rate at which mass is lost during the Red Supergiant evolutionary stage may strongly influence how the star appears. Though there have been many studies discussing how RSGs appear in the mid and far infrared (IR) as a function of their mass-loss rate, to date there have been no such investigations at optical and near-IR wavelengths. In a preliminary study we construct model atmospheres for RSGs which include a wind, and use these models to compute synthetic spectra from the optical to the mid-infrared. The inclusion of a wind has two important effects. Firstly, higher mass-loss rates result in stronger absorption in the TiO bands, causing the star to appear as a later spectral type despite its effective temperature remaining constant. This explains the observed relation between spectral type, evolutionary stage and mid-IR excess, as well as the mismatch between temperatures derived from the optical and infrared. Secondly, the wind mimics many observed characteristics of a 'MOLsphere', potentially providing an explanation for the extended molecular zone inferred to exist around nearby RSGs. Thirdly, we show that wind fluctuations can explain the spectral variability of Betelgeuse during its recent dimming, without the need for dust.2021MNRAS.508.5757Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/508/5757CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/508/5757https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/508/5757http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/508/5757https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/508/5757https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/508/5757http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/508/5757GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/MNRAS/508/5757/listDetails of spectrarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlog(dM/dt)Mass-loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)arith.ratefloatspShow the spectrummeta.ref.urlcharFileNameName of file containing the spectrum in subdirectory spmeta.id;meta.filechar