J/MNRAS/507/1699ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/507/1699doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.75071699CDSJadhav V.V.Subramaniam A.2024-08-21T20:18:25Z2021-08-27T13:31:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersstellar-massesBlue straggler stars (BSSs) are the most massive stars in a cluster formed via binary or higher-order stellar interactions. Though the exact nature of such formation scenarios is difficult to pin down, we provide observational constraints on the different possible mechanism. In this quest, we first produce a catalogue of BSSs using Gaia DR2 data. Among the 670 clusters older than 300Myr, we identified 868 BSSs in 228 clusters and 500 BSS candidates in 208 clusters. In general, all clusters older than 1Gyr and massive than 1000M_{sun}_ have BSSs. The average number of BSSs increases with cluster age and mass, and there is a power-law relation between the cluster mass and the maximum number of BSSs in the cluster. We introduce the term fractional mass excess (Me) for BSSs. We find that at least 54% of BSSs have Me<0.5 (likely to have gained mass through a binary mass transfer (MT)), 30% in the 1.0<Me<0.5 range (likely to have gained mass through a merger) and up to 16% with Me>1.0 (likely from multiple mergers/MT). We also find that the percentage of low Me BSSs increases with age, beyond 1-2Gyr, suggesting an increase in formation through MT in older clusters. The BSSs are radially segregated, and the extent of segregation depends on the dynamical relaxation of the cluster. The statistics and trends presented here are expected to constrain the BSS formation models in open clusters.2021MNRAS.507.1699Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/507/1699CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)J/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/507/1699https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/507/1699http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/507/1699https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/507/1699https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/507/1699http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/507/1699GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea1 (Parameters of clusters with and without blue stragglers)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true67.44925.4220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea2 (Coordinates and parameters of individual blue stragglers and blue straggler candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true76.9651280630.704418060.0055555555555555565/3846 3854 9482-9483 10754 6/1072 1111 1117 1218 1271 1276 1285 1302 1305 1308 1311 1321 1335 1339-1340 1351 1385-1386 1388 1423 1446 1452 1457 1461 1464 1481 1483 1486 1509 1512 1514 1557 1582 1649 1656 1718 1752 1781 1783 1794 1807 1839-1840 1850 1853 1913 1931 1948 1970 2436 2859 2897 3002 3009 3014-3015 3021 3028 3034-3035 3043 3046 3049 3052 3062-3063 3066 3068-3069 3076 3091 3102 3145 3149 3168 3170 3227 3242 3262 3277 3280 3335 3364 3493 3596 3604 3611 3613-3615 3631 3633 3636 3638 3642 3645 3649 3654 3674 3680 3687 3712 3715 3743 3746 3974 4076 4078 4298 4698 4720 6149 6307 6330 6760 6817 6894 12891 12943 12973 12978 12984-12985 12990 13040 13050 13198 13225 13286 13291 13309 13989-13990 13996 14014 14033 14058 14134 14173 14175 14195 14197 14225 14229 14237 14239 14242 14246 14248 14251-14252 14267 14270 14280 14282 14292 14300 14310 14322 14330-14331 14336 14363 14370 14373 14384 14391 14411 14413 14425 14427 14449 14452 14454 14571 14573 14575 14584 14611 14624 14627 14629 14638 14643-14645 14706 14730 14740 14749 14751-14754 14800 14816-14817 14820 15121 15366 15369 15373-15374 15378 15391 15396 15411 15426 15430 15432 15436 15477 15483 15497 15594-15595 15616-15617 15650 15701 15709-15711 15733 15759 15827 20562 20763 20802 20814 20817 20823 20833 20837 20853-20854 20863 20903 20939-20940 20951 20957 20989 21338 21369 21372 21495 21509 21513-21514 21519-21520 21522 21529 21531 21535 21538 21549-21550 21557 21567 21586 21602-21603 21606 21632 21644 21647 21657 21670 21687 21689 21691-21694 21718-21719 21739 21741 21774 21804 21918 22048 22053 22060 22065 22071 22079 22081 22084 22086 22089 22093 22097 22107 22118 22130 22134 22146 22161-22162 22164 22210 22215-22216 22218 22224 22235 22237 22239 22260 22305 22311 22314 22321 22343 22348 22408 22421 22432-22433 22478 22498-22499 22869 22871 22885 22887 23410 23493 23545 23577 23612 23620 23622 23626 23632 23635-23636 23638 23646 23655 23666 23669 23677 23696 23744-23745 23761 23765-23766 23768 23784 23796-23797 23848 23850-23852 23854 23861 23906 23920 23936-23938 23952 23964 23979 23994 23996 24032 24057 24121 24123 24209 24228 24322 24328 24330 24344-24345 24361 24369 24372 24376 24386-24387 24423 24430 24465-24466 24470 24489 24491 24496-24497 24502 24522 24527 24535 24544 28481 28709 28715 28800 28818 28823 28825 28874 28900 28913 28916 28922 28985 29035 29045 29066 29088 29109 29121 29134-29135 29144 29152 29154 29156-29157 29168 29269 29463 29497 29509 29517 29541 29653 29690 29728 29868 29874 29900 30217 30223 30234-30235 30243 30245 30283 30308 30439 30450 30461 30609 30635 30646 30686 30697 30701 30717 31071 31812 32089 32111 32198 33099 33102 37155 37158 37161 37200 37224 37235 37241 37252 37279 37297 37319-37320 37333 37335 37339 37349 37366 37371 37594 37672 37702 37707 37711-37712 37714 37717 37724-37725 37733-37734 37739 37750-37751 37753 37781 37821 37835 37845 37857 37867 37870 37892 37895 37914 37920 37923 37927 37936 37940 37942 37970-37971 38016 38021 38023 38052 38054 38137 38242 38410 38418 38432 38441 38529 38537 38562 38578 38627 38638 39129 39131 39160 39189 39193 39196 39210 39237 39245 39257 39270 39274 39279 39284 39286-39287 39290-39291 39301 39321 39326 39353 39356 39362 39371 39396-39398 39404 39409-39414 39418 39420 39423 39527 39709-39710 39763 39766 39775 39779 39781 39798 39802 39805 39831 39873 39876 39879 39901-39902 39906 39910 39912 39919 39921 39934 39943-39944 39956 39974 39977 40004 40064 40071 40101 40104-40105 40112 40451 40457 40462 40489-40490 40499 40579 40587 40601 40611-40612 40620 40625 40631 40633 40696 41466-41467 41558-41559 41577 41582 41591 41607 41612-41613 41615 41621-41622 41638 41649 41668 41678 41690-41691 41699 41701 41703 41711 41730 41740 41768 41771 41775 41799 41809 41829 41833-41834 41858 41873-41874 41922 41928 42046 42135 42151 42156-42157 42159 42162 42171-42172 42174 42177 42197 42201 42210 42214 42216-42218 42224-42225 42273-42274 42346 42351 42375 42378 42384 42387 42390 42396 42400 42417 42456 42464 42472 42496 42964 43012 43021-43023 43026-43027 43032 43034 43040 43046 43059 43062 43140 47621https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/507/1699?format=asciidefaultJ/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea1Parameters of clusters with and without blue stragglersClusterCluster namemeta.id.parentcharprimary_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRA_ICRS[] Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5, from Cantat-Gaudin et al., 2020, Cat. J/A+A/640/A1degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5, from Cantat-Gaudin et al., 2020, Cat. J/A+A/640/A1degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNindicates BSS and/or pBS in tablea2meta.ref.urlcharlogAgeAge (logt) of the clusterlog(yr)time.agefloatAVExtinction Av of the clustermagphys.absorptionfloatMODDistance modulus of the clustermagphot.mag.distModfloatrRadius containing half the memberspcphys.size.radiusfloatMassMass of the clustersolMassphys.massfloatDensityNumber density of the clusterpc**-3pos.distancefloatNrelaxNumber of relaxation periods passedmeta.numberfloatNBSSNumber of bonafide blue stragglersmeta.numberintNpBSNumber of probable blue stragglersmeta.numberintReffclEffective mean radius of Gaia membersarcminphys.angSize;stat.meanfloatReffBSS? Effective mean radius of blue stragglersarcminphys.angSize;stat.meanfloatnullableJ/MNRAS/507/1699/tablea2Coordinates and parameters of individual blue stragglers and blue straggler candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexedRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source IDmeta.id;meta.mainGmagG-band mean magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBP-RPBP-RP colourmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatMassMass of the starsolMassphys.massfloatMeFractional mass excessphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatClass[BSS pBS] Class, blue straggler stars (BSS) or probable blue straggler stars (pBS)src.classchar_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharClusterCluster namemeta.id.parentchar