J/MNRAS/502/2033ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/502/2033doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-fp-1zhCDSJackman J.A.G.Shkolnik E.Loyd R.O.P.2026-08-03T07:31:04Z2023-11-16T09:57:22ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-flareseffective-temperaturestellar-radiivisible-astronomyWe present the results of a search for stellar flares from stars neighbouring the target sources in the Kepler short cadence data. These flares have been discarded as contaminants in previous surveys and therefore provide an unexplored resource of flare events, in particular high-energy events from faint stars. We have measured M dwarf flare energies up to 1.5x10^35^erg, pushing the limit for flare energies measured using Kepler data. We have used our sample to study the flaring activity of wide binaries, finding that the lower mass counterpart in a wide binary flares more often at a given energy. Of the 4430 flares detected in our original search, 298 came from a neighbouring star, a rate of 6.7+/-0.4 per cent for the Kepler short cadence light curves. We have used our sample to estimate a 5.8+/-0.1 per cent rate of false positive flare events in studies using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite short cadence data.2021MNRAS.502.2033Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/502/2033CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/502/2033https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/502/2033http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/502/2033https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/502/2033https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/502/2033http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/502/2033GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/502/2033/table1 (Best-fitting power-law parameters for the flare occurrence rates of stars in our sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/2033/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/2033/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/2033/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.844632237.81542310.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/502/2033/table2 (Flare occurrence rate ratios for stars in wide binaries where at least one component had a measured flare occurrence rate)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/2033/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/2033/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/2033/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true295.791256440.01227640.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/502/2033/flares (Supplementary stellar and flare information)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/2033/flares?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/2033/flares?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/502/2033/flares?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.8446608509137.81540793770.0055555555555555566/14581 14585 14734 14750 14753 14772 14774 14782 14794 14915 14918 14934 14955 14958-14959 14963 15057 15109 15119 15121-15122 15132 15137 15146 15154 15157-15158https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/502/2033?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/502/2033/table1Best-fitting power-law parameters for the flare occurrence rates of stars in our samplee_CError on Cstat.errorfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainf_GaiaDR2[1/2]? Flag on Name (1)meta.codeintnullableTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintE_TeffUpper error on TeffKstat.error;stat.maxinte_TeffLower error on TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintCBest fitting value of the normalization constant C (2)stat.fit.paramfloatalphaBest fitting value of the power-law index {alpha} (3)stat.fit.paramfloate_alphaError on alphastat.error;pos.eq.rafloatElimMinimum energy limit used when fitting the power-law distribution1e-07Jphys.energydoubleEmaxMaximum flare energy1e-07Jphys.energydoublef_Emax[*] Flag on Emax (4)meta.codecharNflaresNumber of flares used in the fittingmeta.numberintTimewaitPredicted waiting time to observe a flare with an energy of 10^33^erg or greaterdtime.epochfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/502/2033/table2Flare occurrence rate ratios for stars in wide binaries where at least one component had a measured flare occurrence rateSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR21Gaia DR2 source identifier of the wide binary first componentmeta.id;meta.maincharTeff1Effective temperature of the wide binary first componentKmeta.code.multip;phys.temperature.effectiveintE_Teff1Upper error on Teff1Kstat.error;stat.maxinte_Teff1Lower error on Teff1Kstat.errorintGaiaDR22Gaia DR2 source identifier of the wide binary second componentmeta.id.assoccharTeff2Effective temperature of the wide binary second componentKmeta.code.multip;phys.temperature.effectiveintE_Teff2Upper error on Teff2Kstat.error;stat.maxinte_Teff2Lower error on Teff2Kstat.errorintEflareFlare energy (1)1e-07Jphys.energydoubleRatioFlare occurrence rate ratio of 1 to 2time;arith.ratiofloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/502/2033/flaresSupplementary stellar and flare informationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainTeff? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloatnullablee_Teff? Lower error on TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableE_Teff? Upper error on TeffKstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableRad? Star radiussolRadphys.size.radiusdoublenullablee_Rad? Lower error on RadsolRadstat.errordoublenullableE_Rad? Upper error on RadsolRadstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableStartFlare start timedtime.epochdoubleEndFlare end timedtime.epochdoubleAmpdetDetected flare amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudedoubleAmpadj? Adjusted flare amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudedoublenullableEflare? Flare energy1e-07Jphys.energydoublenullablee_Eflare? Lower error on Eflare1e-07Jstat.errordoublenullableE_Eflare? Upper error on Eflare1e-07Jstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableDurationObserved durationdtime.durationdoubleDilKep? Kepler dilution (1)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullableDilTESS? TESS dilution (1)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullable