J/MNRAS/500/3213ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/500/3213doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-fm-34dCDSLibralato M.Lennon D.J.Bellini A.van der Marel R.Clark S.J.,Najarro F.Patrick L.R.Anderson J.Bedin L.R.Crowther P.A.,de Mink S.E.Evans C.J.Platais I.Sabbi E.Sohn S.T.2026-08-03T07:30:36Z2023-11-13T09:22:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersgalactic-centerproper-motionsstellar-spectral-typesphotometryvisible-astronomyThe presence of massive stars (MSs) in the region close to the Galactic Centre (GC) poses several questions about their origin. The harsh environment of the GC favours specific formation scenarios, each of which should imprint characteristic kinematic features on the MSs. We present a 2D kinematic analysis of MSs in a GC region surrounding Sgr A* based on high-precision proper motions obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. Thanks to a careful data reduction, well-measured bright stars in our proper-motion catalogues have errors better than 0.5mas/yr. We discuss the absolute motion of the MSs in the field and their motion relative to Sgr A*, the Arches, and the Quintuplet. For the majority of the MSs, we rule out any distance further than 3-4kpc from Sgr A* using only kinematic arguments. If their membership to the GC is confirmed, most of the isolated MSs are likely not associated with either the Arches or Quintuplet clusters or Sgr A*. Only a few MSs have proper motions, suggesting that they are likely members of the Arches cluster, in agreement with previous spectroscopic results. Line-of-sight radial velocities and distances are required to shed further light on the origin of most of these massive objects. We also present an analysis of other fast-moving objects in the GC region, finding no clear excess of high-velocity escaping stars. We make our astro-photometric catalogues publicly available.2021MNRAS.500.3213Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/500/3213CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/417/114 : HST/NICMOS Galactic Center survey catalogue (Dong+, 2011)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3213https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3213http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3213https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3213https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3213http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/500/3213GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3213/table2 (Position and PMs of Sgr A*, the Arches, and the Quintuplet)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.4168371-29.007810560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3213/wfcpm (Proper-motion catalog for WFC3/IR data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/wfcpm?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/wfcpm?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/wfcpm?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.2905382-29.25018960.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3213/acspm (Proper-motion catalog for ACS/WFC data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/acspm?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/acspm?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/acspm?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.1889905-29.15351160.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/500/3213/tabled1 (List of confirmed massive stars, candidate massive stars and non-massive objects analyzed in our work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/tabled1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/tabled1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/500/3213/tabled1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.2907358-29.23690640.0055555555555555566/28827 28830https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/500/3213?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/500/3213/table2Position and PMs of Sgr A*, the Arches, and the QuintupletSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAProper motion in right ascension {mu}_{alpha}_cos{delta} (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRAError on pmRA (2)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in declination (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEError on pmDE (2)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatpmGLONProper motion in galactic longitude {mu}_l_cosb (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.galactic.lonfloate_pmGLONError on pmGLON (2)mas/yrstat.errorfloatpmGLATProper motion in galactic latitude (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.galactic.latfloate_pmGLATError on pmGLAT (2)mas/yrstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/500/3213/table3Overview of the confirmed MSs selected as escaping candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDMassive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintDPMDifference in proper motion between the star and its origin {Delta}PMmas/yrmeta.ref;pos.pm;arith.difffloate_DPMError on DPMmas/yrstat.errorfloatthetaProper motion position angle {theta} (G1)degpos.posAng;pos.pmfloate_thetaError on thetadegstat.error;pos.posAngfloattflightFlight time (G2)Myrtime.epochfloate_tflightError on tflightMyrstat.errorfloatOriginPossible originmeta.id.parentcharListCollection from which the star is taken (G3)meta.id;meta.datasetcharSpTypeSpectral type (1)src.spTypecharJ/MNRAS/500/3213/table4List of confirmed MSs' likely members of the Arches clusterrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDMassive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintf_ID[*] Flag on ID (1)meta.codecharListCollection from which the star is taken (G3)meta.id;meta.datasetcharSpTypeSpectral type (2)src.spTypecharJ/MNRAS/500/3213/table5Overview of the candidate MSs selected as likely escapersf_OriginFlag on Origin (1)meta.codecharListCollection from which the star is taken (G3)meta.id;meta.datasetcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDMassive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintDPMDifference in proper motion between the star and its origin {Delta}PMmas/yrmeta.ref;pos.pm;arith.difffloate_DPMError on DPMmas/yrstat.errorfloatthetaProper motion position angle {theta} (G1)degpos.posAng;pos.pmfloate_thetaError on thetadegstat.error;pos.posAngfloattflightFlight time (G2)Myrtime.epochfloate_tflightError on tflightMyrstat.errorfloatOriginPossible originmeta.id.parentcharJ/MNRAS/500/3213/wfcpmProper-motion catalog for WFC3/IR datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedXX pixel positionpixpos.cartesian.xdoubleYY pixel positionpixpos.cartesian.ydoublepmRAProper motion in right ascension {mu}_{alpha}_cos{delta}mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRA? Error on pmRA (1)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablepmDEProper motion in declination {mu}_{delta}_mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDE? Error on pmDE (1)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullabletimeTemporal baselineyrtime.intervalfloatindexedn1Number of measurements in epoch 1meta.numberintn2Number of measurements in epoch 2meta.numberintIDMassive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintJ/MNRAS/500/3213/acspmProper-motion catalog for ACS/WFC dataXX pixel positionpixpos.cartesian.xdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedYY pixel positionpixpos.cartesian.ydoublepmRAProper motion in right ascension {mu}_{alpha}_cos{delta}mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRA? Error on pmRA (1)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablepmDEProper motion in declination {mu}_{delta}_mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDE? Error on pmDE (1)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublenullabletimeTemporal baselineyrtime.intervalfloatindexedn1Number of measurements in epoch 1meta.numberintn2Number of measurements in epoch 2meta.numberintIDMassive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintJ/MNRAS/500/3213/wfc12915Phometric catalog for WFC3/IR GO-12915 datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[3/1389860] Massive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintF139MmagHST F139M Vega-mag magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F139Mmag? Magnitude rms (G4)magstat.errorfloatnullableqfitQuality of PSF fit (G5)meta.code.qualfloatoFraction of neighbor flux within the fitting radius before neighbor subtraction (G5)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleradxsExcess/deficiency of flux just outside of the fitting radius with respect to that expected from the PSF (G5)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenfNumber of single exposures a star was found (G5)meta.numberintnuNumber of measurements used to compute the photometric quantities of a star (G5)meta.numberintskyLocal skyctinstr.skyLevelfloatrmsskyLocal-sky rmsctstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/500/3213/wfc13771Phometric catalog for WFC3/IR GO-13771 datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[3/1389860] Massive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintF139MmagHST F139M Vega-mag magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F139Mmag? Magnitude rms (G4)magstat.errorfloatnullableqfitQuality of PSF fit (G5)meta.code.qualfloatoFraction of neighbor flux within the fitting radius before neighbor subtraction (G5)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleradxsExcess/deficiency of flux just outside of the fitting radius with respect to that expected from the PSF (G5)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenfNumber of single exposures a star was found (G5)meta.numberintnuNumber of measurements used to compute the photometric quantities of a star (G5)meta.numberintskyLocal skyctinstr.skyLevelfloatrmsskyLocal-sky rmsctstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/500/3213/acs12915Phometric catalog for ACS/WFC GO-12915 datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1389861/1415773] Massive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintF850LPmagHST F850LP Vega-mag magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_F850LPmag? Magnitude rms (G4)magstat.errorfloatnullableqfitQuality of PSF fit (G5)meta.code.qualfloatoFraction of neighbor flux within the fitting radius before neighbor subtraction (G5)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatradxsExcess/deficiency of flux just outside of the fitting radius with respect to that expected from the PSF (G5)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnfNumber of single exposures a star was found (G5)meta.numberintnuNumber of measurements used to compute the photometric quantities of a star (G5)meta.numberintskyLocal skyctinstr.skyLevelfloatrmsskyLocal-sky rmsctstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/500/3213/acs13771Phometric catalog for ACS/WFC GO-13771 datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1389861/1415773] Massive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintF850LPmagHST F850LP Vega-mag magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_F850LPmag? Magnitude rms (G4)magstat.errorfloatnullableqfitQuality of PSF fit (G5)meta.code.qualfloatoFraction of neighbor flux within the fitting radius before neighbor subtraction (G5)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatradxsExcess/deficiency of flux just outside of the fitting radius with respect to that expected from the PSF (G5)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnfNumber of single exposures a star was found (G5)meta.numberintnuNumber of measurements used to compute the photometric quantities of a star (G5)meta.numberintskyLocal skyctinstr.skyLevelfloatrmsskyLocal-sky rmsctstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/500/3213/tabled1List of confirmed massive stars, candidate massive stars and non-massive objects analyzed in our workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainIDMassive star (MS) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintListCollection from which the star is taken (G3)meta.id;meta.datasetcharOIDAlternative ID (1)meta.idchar