J/MNRAS/496/4330ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/496/4330doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bg-fg-47aCDSDiaz M.R.Jenkins J.S.Feng F.Butler R.P.Tuomi M.Shectman S.A.,Thorngren D.Soto M.G.Vines J.I.Teske J.K.Dragomir D.,Villanueva S.Kane S.R.Berdinas Z.M.Crane J.D.Wang S.X.,Arriagada P.2026-08-03T07:29:53Z2023-10-13T14:42:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsmilky-way-galaxyradial-velocitystellar-massesstellar-radiivisible-astronomyWe report the detection of a transiting, dense Neptune planet candidate orbiting the bright (V=8.6) K0.5V star HD 95338. Detection of the 55-d periodic signal comes from the analysis of precision radial velocities from the Planet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan II Telescope. Follow-up observations with HARPS also confirm the presence of the periodic signal in the combined data. HD 95338 was also observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) where we identify a clear single transit in the photometry. A Markov chain Monte Carlo period search on the velocities allows strong constraints on the expected transit time, matching well the epoch calculated from TESS data, confirming both signals describe the same companion. A joint fit model yields an absolute mass of 42.44^+2.22^_-2.08_M_{Earth}_ and a radius of 3.89^+0.19^_-0.20_R_{Earth}_, which translates into a density of 3.98^+0.62^_-0.64_g/cm^3^ for the planet. Given the planet mass and radius, structure models suggest it is composed of a mixture of ammonia, water, and methane. HD 95338 b is one of the most dense Neptune planets yet detected, indicating a heavy element enrichment of ~90 per cent (~38M_{Earth}_). This system presents a unique opportunity for future follow-up observations that can further constrain structure models of cool gas giant planets.2020MNRAS.496.4330Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/496/4330CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/496/4330https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/496/4330http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/496/4330https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/496/4330https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/496/4330http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/496/4330GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/496/4330/table4 (Stellar Parameters of HD 95338)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/496/4330/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/496/4330/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/496/4330/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true164.85959583-56.623040830.0055555555555555566/379473.830199579824256e-20 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/496/4330?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/496/4330/table2PFS2 radial velocities of HD 95338recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVError on RVm/sstat.errordoubleSS-index (G1)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_SError on Sstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/496/4330/table3TERRA Radial Velocities of HD 95338recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Datetime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVError on RVm/sstat.errordoubleSS-index (G1)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_SError on Sstat.errordoubleJ/MNRAS/496/4330/table4Stellar Parameters of HD 95338recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name in the TESS catalogue (TIC 304142124)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRPmagGaia DR2 RP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_RPmagError on RPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatBPmagGaia DR2 BP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_BPmagError on BPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharW1magWISE W1 (3.4um) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_W1magError on W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW2magWISE W2 (4.6um) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_W2magError on W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatplxGaia DR2 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plxError on plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatTmagTESS magnitude from ExoFOP (https://exofop.ipac.caltech.edu/tess/)magphot.mag;em.optfloate_TmagError on Tmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatHmag2MASS H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_HmagError on Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatJmag2MASS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_JmagError on Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatKsmag2MASS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagError on Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatVmagV-band magnitude from Simbadmagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VmagError on Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatBmagB-band magnitude from Simbadmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_BmagError on Bmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatGmagGaia DR2 G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloate_GmagError on Gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatDistDistance (1)pcpos.distancefloatE_DistUpper error on Distpcstat.error;stat.maxfloate_DistLower error on Distpcstat.errorfloatSpTypeSpectral type derived using ARIADNE (1)src.spTypecharMassStar mass derived using ARIADNE (1)solMassphys.massfloatE_MassUpper error on MasssolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_MassLower error on MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatRadiusStar Radius derived using ARIADNE (1)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_RadiusUpper error on RadiussolRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_RadiusLower error on RadiussolRadstat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatAgeStar age derived using SPECIES (1)Gyrtime.agefloate_AgeError on AgeGyrstat.error;time.agefloatAvExtinction derived using ARIADNE (1)magphys.absorptionfloatE_AvUpper error on Avmagstat.error;stat.maxfloate_AvLower error on Avmagstat.errorfloatLumStar luminosity from Anderson & Francis (2012AstL...38..331A, Cat. V/137)solLumphys.luminosityfloate_LumError on LumsolLumstat.errorfloatTeffEffective temperature derived using SPECIES (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintE_TeffUpper error on TeffKstat.error;stat.maxinte_TeffLower error on TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveint[Fe/H]Fe/H abundance ratio derived using SPECIES (1)phys.abund.Fe;arith.ratiofloate_[Fe/H]Error on [Fe/H]stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatloggSurface gravity derived using SPECIES (1)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_loggError on logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatvsiniRotational velocity derived using SPECIES (1)km/sphys.veloc.rotatfloate_vsiniError on vsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatvmacMacroturbulence velocity derived using SPECIES (1)km/sphys.velocfloate_vmacError on vmackm/sstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/496/4330/table6Posterior for the parameters included in the RV-only analysise_eError on estat.errorfloatomegaLongitude of pericentredegsrc.orbital.periastronfloate_omegaError on omegadegstat.errorfloatM0Mean anomalydegsrc.orbital.meanAnomalyfloate_M0Error on M0degstat.errorfloatMsiniMinimum mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloate_MsiniError on Msini(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatmuPFS1Radial velocity zero-point for PFS1m/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloate_muPFS1Error on muPFS1m/sstat.errorfloatsigPFS1Radial velocity jitter for PFS1m/sstat.stdev;phys.velocfloate_sigPFS1Error on sigPFS1m/sstat.errorfloatPhiPFS1Moving average amplitude for PFS1src.var.amplitudefloate_PhiPFS1Error on PhiPFS1stat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPeriodOrbital perioddtime.periodfloate_PeriodError on Perioddstat.error;time.periodfloatTperiTime of pericentre passagedtime.epochdoublee_TperiError on Tperidstat.errorfloatKVelocity semiamplitudem/sphys.veloc;src.orbitalfloate_KError on Km/sstat.errorfloateEccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatlntauPFS1Natural logarithm of the smoothing time-scale for PFS1time.epochfloate_lntauPFS1Error on lntauPFS1stat.errorfloatmuPFS2Radial velocity zero-point for PFS2m/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloate_muPFS2Error on muPFS2m/sstat.errorfloatsigPFS2Radial velocity jitter for PFS2m/sstat.stdev;phys.velocfloate_sigPFS2Error on sigPFS2m/sstat.errorfloatPhiPFS2Moving average amplitude for PFS2src.var.amplitudefloate_PhiPFS2Error on PhiPFS2stat.errorfloatlntauPFS2Natural logarithm of the smoothing time-scale for PFS2time.epochfloate_lntauPFS2Error on lntauPFS2stat.errorfloatmuHARPSRadial velocity zero-point for HARPSm/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloate_muHARPSError on muHARPSm/sstat.errorfloatsigHARPSRadial velocity jitter for HARPSm/sstat.stdev;phys.velocfloate_sigHARPSError on sigHARPSm/sstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/496/4330/table8Planetary properties for HD 95338bE_TeqUpper error on TeqKstat.error;stat.maxintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintrho*Star density (1)kg.m**-3phys.densitydoubleE_rho*Upper error on rho*kg.m**-3stat.error;stat.maxfloate_rho*Lower error on rho*kg.m**-3stat.errorfloatPOrbital period (1)dtime.periodfloatE_PUpper error on Pdstat.error;stat.maxfloate_PLower error on Pdstat.errorfloatTcTransit center (1)dtime.epochdoubleE_TcUpper error on Tcdstat.error;stat.maxfloate_TcLower error on Tcdstat.errorfloata/R*Scaled semimajor axis (1)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatE_a/R*Upper error on a/R*stat.error;stat.maxfloate_a/R*Lower error on a/R*stat.errorfloatbImpact parameter (1)src.impactParamfloatE_bUpper error on bstat.error;stat.maxfloate_bLower error on bstat.errorfloatKVelocity semiamplitude (1)m/sphys.veloc;src.orbitalfloatE_KUpper error on Km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_KLower error on Km/sstat.errorfloatipInclination (1)degsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_ipUpper error on ipdegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_ipLower error on ipdegstat.errorfloateEccentricity (1)src.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_eUpper error on estat.error;stat.maxfloate_eLower error on estat.errorfloatomegaLongitude of pericentre (1)degsrc.orbital.periastronfloatE_omegaUpper error on omegadegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_omegaLower error on omegadegstat.errorfloatMpPlanet mass (2)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_MpUpper error on Mp(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_MpLower error on Mp(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatRpPlanet radius (2)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_RpUpper error on Rp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_RpLower error on Rp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloataSemimajor axis (2)AUphys.size.smajAxisfloatE_aUpper error on aAUstat.error;stat.maxfloate_aLower error on aAUstat.errorfloatrhopPlanet density (2)g.cm**-3phys.densityfloatE_rhopUpper error on rhopg.cm**-3stat.error;stat.maxfloate_rhopLower error on rhopg.cm**-3stat.errorfloatTeqEquilibrium temperature estimated using a Bond albedo of 0.5 (2)Kphys.temperatureinte_TeqLower error on TeqKstat.errorintFMedian flux (2)10000W.m**-2phot.flux.density;em.optfloate_FError on F10000W.m**-2stat.errorfloatMTESSRelative flux offset for TESS (3)(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleE_MTESSUpper error on MTESS(10-6)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_MTESSLower error on MTESS(10-6)stat.errordoublesigTESSExtra jitter term for TESS light curve (3)(10-6)stat.stdev;phys.velocfloatE_sigTESSUpper error on sigTESS(10-6)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_sigTESSLower error on sigTESS(10-6)stat.errorfloatq1TESSQuadratic limb-darkening parametrization q_1_ (3)phot.limbDarkfloatE_q1TESSUpper error on q1TESSstat.error;stat.maxfloate_q1TESSLower error on q1TESSstat.errorfloatq2TESSQuadratic limb-darkening parametrization q_2_ (3)phot.limbDarkfloatE_q2TESSUpper error on q2TESSstat.error;stat.maxfloate_q2TESSLower error on q2TESSstat.errorfloatmuPFS1Radial velocity zero-point for PFS1 (3)m/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatE_muPFS1Upper error on muPFS1m/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_muPFS1Lower error on muPFS1m/sstat.errorfloatsigPFS1Radial velocity jitter for PFS1 (3)m/sstat.stdev;phys.velocfloatE_sigPFS1Upper error on sigPFS1m/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_sigPFS1Lower error on sigPFS1m/sstat.errorfloatmuHARPSRadial velocity zero-point for HARPS (3)m/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatE_muHARPSUpper error on muHARPSm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_muHARPSLower error on muHARPSm/sstat.errorfloatsigHARPSRadial velocity jitter for HARPS (3)m/sstat.stdev;phys.velocfloatE_sigHARPSUpper error on sigHARPSm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_sigHARPSLower error on sigHARPSm/sstat.errorfloatmuPFS2Radial velocity zero-point for PFS2 (3)m/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatE_muPFS2Upper error on muPFS2m/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_muPFS2Lower error on muPFS2m/sstat.errorfloatsigPFS2Radial velocity jitter for PFS2 (3)m/sstat.stdev;phys.velocfloatE_sigPFS2Upper error on sigPFS2m/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_sigPFS2Lower error on sigPFS2m/sstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/496/4330/table1PFS1 radial velocities of HD 95338recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVError on RVm/sstat.errordoubleSS-index (G1)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_SError on Sstat.errorfloat