J/MNRAS/495/3104ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/495/3104doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74953104CDSSchoettler C.de Bruijne J.Vaher E.Parker R.J.2025-02-06T20:13:33Z2023-09-14T13:38:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frhigh-velocity-starsopen-star-clustersradial-velocitystellar-agesstellar-massesstellar-spectral-typesvisible-astronomyTheory predicts that we should find fast, ejected (runaway) stars of all masses around dense, young star-forming regions. N-body simulations show that the number and distribution of these ejected stars could be used to constrain the initial spatial and kinematic substructure of the regions. We search for runaway and slower walkaway stars within 100pc of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) using Gaia DR2 astrometry and photometry. We compare our findings to predictions for the number and velocity distributions of runaway stars from simulations that we run for 4Myr with initial conditions tailored to the ONC. In Gaia DR2, we find 31 runaway and 54 walkaway candidates based on proper motion, but not all of these are viable candidates in three dimensions. About 40 per cent are missing radial velocities, but we can trace back nine 3D runaways and 24 3D walkaways to the ONC, all of which are low/intermediate mass (<8M_{sun}_). Our simulations show that the number of runaways within 100pc decreases the older a region is (as they quickly travel beyond this boundary), whereas the number of walkaways increases up to 3Myr. We find fewer walkaways in Gaia DR2 than the maximum suggested from our simulations, which may be due to observational incompleteness. However, the number of Gaia DR2 runaways agrees with the number from our simulations during an age of ~1.3-2.4Myr, allowing us to confirm existing age estimates for the ONC (and potentially other star-forming regions) using runaway stars.2020MNRAS.495.3104Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/495/3104CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJ/807/27 : IN-SYNC. III. Radial velocities of IC348 stars (Cottaar+, 2015)III/252 : Pulkovo radial velocities for 35493 HIP starsJ/AJ/156/84 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex. II. (Kounkel+, 2018)J/ApJ/870/32 : Kinematics in young star clusters & associations (Kuhn+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/495/3104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/495/3104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/495/3104https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/495/3104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/495/3104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/495/3104GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/495/3104/table5 (RW star 2D candidates sorted by decreasing 2D velocity)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true86.1121667-2.73191670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/495/3104/table6 (WW star 2D candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true84.81204170.52038890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/495/3104/tablea1 (Excluded RW and WW star 2D candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true88.3197083-9.74813890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/495/3104/tableb1 (Slow 2D candidates with multiple, varying RV measurements)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.7642097-5.09453360.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/495/3104/tablec1 (Past visitors to the ONC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/495/3104/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true77.1772125-15.17437360.0055555555555555565/5701 6/21113 21149 21186 21205 21207 21220 21234 21240 21242-21244 21263 21286 21291 21303 21305 21307 21310 21338 21346 21357 21382 21384 21389-21391 21395 21398-21400 21402-21404 21410 21412 21415 21421-21423 21425-21427 21429-21430 21432 21434-21436 21438-21439 21442 21451 21454 21466 21478 21482-21483 21491 22183 22186-22187 22607 22646 22785 22791 22793 22796 22799 22801-22802 22809 22815 22843 22845 22849 22852 22857-22858 22866 22875 22880 22896 22898 22942 22961 23025-23026 23593https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/495/3104?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/495/3104/table5RW star 2D candidates sorted by decreasing 2D velocityrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainv2DrfRest frame 2D velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_v2DrfError on v2Drfkm/sstat.errorfloatRVrf? Rest frame radial velocitykm/sphys.velocfloatnullablee_RVrf? Error on RVrfkm/sstat.errorfloatnullabler_RVrfReference on RVrf (1)meta.ref;pos.framechar3DcandIndication of 3D candidate statusmeta.codecharTflight? Minimum flight time since ejectionMyrtime.epoch;stat.minfloatnullablef_TflightFlag on Tflight (2)meta.codecharAgeisoAge from PARSEC isochrones (Bressan et al. 2012MNRAS.427..127B)Myrtime.agefloatE_AgeisoUpper error on AgeisoMyrstat.error;stat.maxfloate_AgeisoLower error on AgeisoMyrstat.errorfloatAgeAge from literatureMyrtime.agecharr_AgeReference for Age (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharMassMass from literaturesolMassphys.masscharr_MassReference for Mass (3)meta.refcharSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpType? Reference for SpType (3)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/495/3104/table6WW star 2D candidatesE_Ageiso? Upper error on AgeisoMyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_Ageiso? Lower error on AgeisoMyrstat.errorfloatnullableAgeAge from literatureMyrtime.agecharr_AgeReference for Age (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharMassMass from literaturesolMassphys.masscharr_MassReference for Mass (3)meta.refcharSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpType? Reference for SpType (3)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainv2DrfRest frame 2D velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_v2DrfError on v2Drfkm/sstat.errorfloatRVrf? Rest frame radial velocitykm/sphys.velocfloatnullablee_RVrf? Error on RVrfkm/sstat.errorfloatnullabler_RVrfReference on RVrf (1)meta.ref;pos.framechar3DcandIndication of 3D candidate statusmeta.codecharTflight? Minimum flight time since ejectionMyrtime.epoch;stat.minfloatnullablef_TflightFlag on Tflight (2)meta.codecharu_Ageiso[~] Uncertainty flag on Ageisometa.code.errorcharAgeisoAge from PARSEC isochrones (Bressan et al. 2012MNRAS.427..127B)Myrtime.agefloat_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/495/3104/tablea1Excluded RW and WW star 2D candidatesExcExclusion reasonmeta.notecharr_RVrfReference on RVrf (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSampleStar candidate sample (RW or WW)meta.idcharGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainv2DrfRest frame 2D velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_v2DrfError on v2Drfkm/sstat.errorfloatRVrf? Rest frame radial velocitykm/sphys.velocfloatnullablee_RVrf? Error on RVrfkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableAge? Age from literatureMyrtime.agefloatnullabler_Age? Reference for Age (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableMass? Mass from literaturesolMassphys.massfloatnullabler_Mass? Reference for Mass (2)meta.refintnullableSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpType? Reference for SpType (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/495/3104/tableb1Slow 2D candidates with multiple, varying RV measurementsr_AgeReference for Age (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintr_MassReference for Mass (2)meta.refint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharMassMass from literaturesolMassphys.massfloatSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpType? Reference for SpType (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainv2DrfRest frame 2D velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_v2DrfError on v2Drfkm/sstat.errorfloatrefRVReferences for the rest frame radial velocity (1)meta.bibchar3DcandIndication of 3D candidate statusmeta.codecharfTflightRemark on flight timemeta.notecharAgeisoAge from PARSEC isochrones (Bressan et al. 2012MNRAS.427..127B)Myrtime.agefloatE_AgeisoUpper error on AgeisoMyrstat.error;stat.maxfloate_AgeisoLower error on AgeisoMyrstat.errorfloatAgeAge from literatureMyrtime.agefloatJ/MNRAS/495/3104/tablec1Past visitors to the ONCSample[RW/WW] Velocity type of the visitormeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainv2DrfRest frame 2D velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_v2DrfError on v2Drfkm/sstat.errorfloatRVrfRest frame radial velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_RVrfError on RVrfkm/sstat.errorfloatr_RVrf[a] Reference for RVrf (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharu_Ageiso[~] Uncertainty flag on Ageisometa.code.errorcharAgeisoAge from PARSEC isochrones (Bressan et al. 2012MNRAS.427..127B)Myrtime.agecharAge? Age from literatureMyrtime.agefloatnullabler_Age? Reference for Age (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableMass? Mass from literaturesolMassphys.massfloatnullabler_Mass? Reference for Mass (2)meta.refintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main