J/MNRAS/494/3596ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/494/3596doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74943596CDSDoyle L.Ramsay G.Doyle J.G.2025-02-05T20:16:05Z2023-07-28T15:13:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-activitystellar-flaresastrometrystellar-spectral-typesvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxstellar-distanceSuperflares on solar-type stars have been a rapidly developing field ever since the launch of Kepler. Over the years, there have been several studies investigating the statistics of these explosive events. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of stellar flares on solar-type stars made using photometric data in 2-min cadence from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite of the whole Southern hemisphere (sectors 1-13). We derive rotational periods for all the stars in our sample from rotational modulations present in the light curve as a result of large star-spot(s) on the surface. We identify 1980 stellar flares from 209 solar-type stars with energies in the range of 10^31^-10^36^erg (using the solar flare classification, this corresponds to X1-X100000) and conduct an analysis into their properties. We investigate the rotational phase of the flares and find no preference for any phase, suggesting the flares are randomly distributed. As a benchmark, we use GOES data of solar flares to detail the close relationship between solar flares and sunspots. In addition, we also calculate approximate spot areas for each of our stars and compare this to flare number, rotational phase, and flare energy. Additionally, two of our stars were observed in the continuous viewing zone with light-curves spanning 1yr; as a result we examine the stellar variability of these stars in more detail.2020MNRAS.494.3596Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/494/3596CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)II/358 : SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. DR1.1 (Wolf+, 2018)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/494/3596https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/494/3596http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/494/3596https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/494/3596https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/494/3596http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/494/3596GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/494/3596/table1 (The stellar properties of our solar-type star detailing the rotation periods, quiescent luminosity, energy range, and duration range of the flares)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/494/3596/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/494/3596/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/494/3596/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true339.8765-52.08820.0055555555555555566/16490 16941 17018 17038 17166 17210 17552 18450 20492 20528 20650 21046 21082 21094 21188 21520 22066 22606 26651 26860 26920 27232 32836 32844 32872 32926 33028 33050 33052 33062 33095 33116 33190 33312 33572 33707 33752 33815 33844 33902 33956 34008 34026 34043 34050 34063 34099 34121 34126 34142 34145 34163 34165 34203 34224 34292 34325 34423 34468 34491 34513 34523 34536 34702 34721 34749 34790 34886 34930 35042 35200 35853 35882 36021 36120 36158 36346 36432 36594 36752 36771 36884 36899 37006 37065 37173 37177 37209 37229 37287 37322 37328 37379 37385 37414 37444 37494 37508 37518 37542 37560 37564 37583 37652 37664 37689 37695 37730 37745 37784 37794 37838 37850 38292 38344 38413 38419 38827 38833 38910 38936 38943 38948 38985-38986 38997 39011 39044 39091 39119 39336 39478 39489 39579 39625 39627 39667 39851 40229 40386 41047 41124 41501 41526 41528-41529 41569 41820 41880 42021 42053 42096 42165 42427 42493 42532 42658 42663 42689 42703 42712 42791-42792 42799 42916 42929 43016-43017 43139 43162 43164 43169 43203 43272 43278 43287 43299 43339-43340 43371 43398 43532 43543 43553 43586 43628 43683 44104 44121 44129 44133 44146 44583 45208 45248 45490 45806 45927 46239 46520 46574 46709 47005 47245 47706 47708 47904https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/494/3596?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/494/3596/table1The stellar properties of our solar-type star detailing the rotation periods, quiescent luminosity, energy range, and duration range of the flaresNfNumber of flaresmeta.numberintSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableTICTESS Input Catalog identifiermeta.idlongNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Name[*] Note on Name (1)meta.notecharSector? TESS Sector (1-13)obs.fieldcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maingmag? SkyMapper g-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablermag? SkyMapper r-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullableimag? SkyMapper i-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablezmag? SkyMapper z-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableSpTypeSpectral type from Simbadsrc.spTypecharProtRotation perioddtime.perioddoubleT0Phase zerodtime.phase;arith.zpdoubleTmagTESS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatplxGaia DR2 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plxError on plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatDistDistance derived from Gaia DR2 parallaxpcpos.distancedoublee_DistError on Distpcstat.errorfloatlogLLogarithm of the quiescent luminositylog(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatlogEminLogarithm of the flare energy (minimum value)log(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatlogEmaxLogarithm of the flare energy (maximum value)log(1e-07J)phys.energyfloattfminFlare duration range (minimum value)mintime.durationfloattfmaxFlare duration range (maximum value)mintime.durationfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint