J/MNRAS/486/5094ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/486/5094doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74865094CDSWest R.G.Gillen E.Bayliss D.Burleigh M.R.Delrez L.Gunther M.N.,Hodgkin S.T.Jackman J.A.G.Jenkins J.S.King G.McCormac J.,Nielsen L.D.Raynard L.Smith A.M.S.Soto M.Turner O.Wheatley P.J.,Almleaky Y.Armstrong D.J.Belardi C.Bouchy F.Briegal J.T.,Burdanov A.Cabrera J.Casewell S.L.Chaushev A.Chazelas B.Chote P.,Cooke B.F.Csizmadia S.Ducrot E.Eigmuller P.Erikson A.Foxell E.,Gansicke B.T.Gillon M.Goad M.R.Jehin E.Lambert G.Longstaff E.S.,Louden T.Moyano M.Murray C.Pollacco D.Queloz D.Rauer H.Sohy S.,Thompson S.J.Udry S.Walker S.R.Watson C.A.2024-08-19T20:18:34Z2022-12-13T13:11:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsphotometryspectroscopyvisible-astronomyWe report the discovery of NGTS-4b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet transiting a 13th magnitude K-dwarf in a 1.34d orbit. NGTS-4b has a mass M=20.6+/-3.0M_{Earth}_ and radius R=3.18+/-0.26R_{Earth}_, which places it well within the so-called 'Neptunian Desert'. The mean density of the planet (3.45+/-0.95g/cm^3^) is consistent with a composition of 100 per cent H_2_O or a rocky core with a volatile envelope. NGTS-4b is likely to suffer significant mass loss due to relatively strong EUV/X-ray irradiation. Its survival in the Neptunian desert may be due to an unusually high-core mass, or it may have avoided the most intense X-ray irradiation by migrating after the initial activity of its host star had subsided. With a transit depth of 0.13+/-0.02 per cent, NGTS-4b represents the shallowest transiting system ever discovered from the ground, and is the smallest planet discovered in a wide-field ground-based photometric survey.2019MNRAS.486.5094Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/486/5094CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/A+A/615/A76 : Spectroscopic parameters of stars (SPECIES). I. (Soto+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/486/5094https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/486/5094http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/486/5094https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/486/5094https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/486/5094http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/486/5094GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/486/5094/table4 (Stellar Properties for NGTS-4)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/486/5094/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/486/5094/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/486/5094/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true89.599-30.81180280.0055555555555555566/205431.3088508223161842e-20 4.920466254354166e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/486/5094?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table4Stellar Properties for NGTS-4rmagr-band magnitude from APASS (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_rmagError on rmag (3)magstat.error;phot.magfloatW1magWISE W1 (3.4um) magnitude (4)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_BmagError on Bmag (3)magstat.error;phot.magfloatgmagg-band magnitude from APASS (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagError on gmag (3)magstat.error;phot.magfloatimagi-band magnitude from APASS (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imagError on imag (3)magstat.error;phot.magfloatGmagGaia DR2 G-band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.optfloatRPmagGaia DR2 BP-band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatBPmagGaia DR2 RP-band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_NGTSmagError on NGTSmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatJmagJ-band magnitude from 2MASS (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_JmagError on Jmag (1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatHmagH-band magnitude from 2MASS (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_HmagError on Hmag (1)magstat.error;phot.magfloatKmagK-band magnitude from 2MASS (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KmagError on Kmag (1)magstat.error;phot.magfloate_W1magError on W1mag (4)magstat.error;phot.magfloatW2magWISE W2 (4.6um) magnitude (4)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_W2magError on W2mag (4)magstat.error;phot.magfloatW3magWISE W3 (12um) magnitude (4)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloate_W3magError on W3mag (4)magstat.error;phot.magfloatTeffEffective temperature (5)Kphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffError on Teff (5)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveint[M/H]Metallicity (5)phys.abund.Zfloate_[M/H]Error on [M/H] (5)stat.error;phys.abundfloatvsiniRotational velocity (5)km/sphys.veloc.rotatfloate_vsiniError on vsini (5)km/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatRVmodRadial velocity from global modellingkm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVmodError on RVmodkm/sstat.errorfloatloggSurface gravity (5)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_loggError on logg (5)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatMstarStar mass (5)solMassphys.massfloate_MstarError on Mstar (5)solMassstat.errorfloatRstarStar radius (5)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatvmacMacroturbulent velocity (5)km/sphys.velocfloate_vmacError on vmac (5)km/sstat.errorfloat2MASS2MASS source designation (HHMMSSSS+DDMMSSS) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_RstarError on Rstar (5)solRadstat.errorfloatrhoStarStar density (5)g.cm**-3phys.densityfloate_rhoStarError on rhoStar (5)g.cm**-3stat.errorfloatRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source designation (2)meta.idpmRAProper motion in right ascension (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRAError on pmRA (2)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in declination (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEError on pmDE (2)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatRVgaiaRadial velocity from Gaia DR2 (2)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVgaiaError on RVgaia (2)km/sstat.errorfloatplxParallax (2)maspos.parallax.trigfloate_plxError on plx (2)masstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatDistDistance (2)pcpos.distancefloate_DistError on Dist (2)pcstat.errorfloatVmagV-band magnitude from APASS (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VmagError on Vmag (3)magstat.error;phot.magfloatBmagB-band magnitude from APASS (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatNGTSmagNGTS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table5Planetary properties for NGTS-4b for a circular orbit and eccentric orbitrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPcRotation period for a circular orbitdtime.perioddoublee_PcError on Pcdstat.errordoublePeRotation period for an eccentric orbitdtime.perioddoublee_PeError on Pedstat.errordoubleTCcTransit center time (HJD) for a circular orbitdtime.epochdoublee_TCcError on TCcdstat.errorfloatTCeTransit center time (HJD) for an eccentric orbitdtime.epochdoublee_TCeError on TCedstat.errorfloatT14cDuration of transit for a circular orbithtime.durationfloate_T14cError on T14chstat.errorfloatT14eDuration of transit for an eccentric orbithtime.durationfloate_T14eError on T14ehstat.errorfloata/RcSemi-major axis to star radius ratio for a circular orbitphys.size;arith.ratiofloate_a/RcError on a/Rcstat.errorfloata/ReSemi-major axis to star radius ratio for an eccentric orbitphys.size;arith.ratiofloate_a/ReError on a/Restat.errorfloatKcPlanet radial velocity semi-amplitude for a circular orbitm/sphys.veloc;src.orbitalfloate_KcError on Kcm/sstat.errorfloatKePlanet radial velocity semi-amplitude for an eccentric orbitm/sphys.veloc;src.orbitalfloate_KeError on Kem/sstat.errorfloatecEccentricity for a circular orbit (fixed to 0)src.orbital.eccentricityfloateeEccentricity of the eccentric orbitsrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_eeUpper error on eestat.error;stat.maxfloate_eeLower error on eestat.errorfloatwcArgument of periastron for a circular orbit (fixed to 0)degsrc.orbital.periastronfloatweArgument of periastron for an eccentric orbitdegsrc.orbital.periastronintE_weUpper error on wedegstat.error;stat.maxinte_weLower error on wedegstat.errorintMplcPlanet mass for a circular orbit(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloate_MplcError on Mplc(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatMplePlanet mass for an eccentric orbit(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloate_MpleError on Mple(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatRplcRadius of the planet for a circular orbit(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloate_RplcError on Rplc(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatRpleRadius of the planet for an eccentric orbit(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloate_RpleError on Rple(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatRp/RcPlanet radius to star radius ratio for a circular orbitphys.size;arith.ratiofloate_Rp/RcError on Rp/Rcstat.errorfloatRp/RePlanet radius to star radius ratio for an eccentric orbitphys.size;arith.ratiofloate_Rp/ReError on Rp/Restat.errorfloatrhopcPlanet density for a circular orbitg.cm**-3phys.densityfloate_rhopcError on rhopcg.cm**-3stat.errorfloatrhopePlanet density for an eccentric orbitg.cm**-3phys.densityfloate_rhopeError on rhopeg.cm**-3stat.errorfloatrhocStar density for a circular orbitg.cm**-3phys.densityfloate_rhocError on rhocg.cm**-3stat.errorfloatrhoeStar density for an eccentric orbitg.cm**-3phys.densityfloate_rhoeError on rhoeg.cm**-3stat.errorfloatacSemi-major axis for a circular orbitAUphys.size.smajAxisfloate_acError on acAUstat.errorfloataeSemi-major axis for an eccentric orbitAUphys.size.smajAxisfloate_aeError on aeAUstat.errorfloatTeqcPlanet equilibrium temperature for a circular orbitKphys.temperatureinte_TeqcError on TeqcKstat.errorintTeqePlanet equilibrium temperature for an eccentric orbitKphys.temperatureinte_TeqeError on TeqeKstat.errorinticInclination of the orbit for a circular orbitdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloate_icError on icdegstat.errorfloatieInclination of the orbit for an eccentric orbitdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloate_ieError on iedegstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table1aNGTS photometry of NGTS-4FluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleindexede_FluxError on Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table1bEulercam photometry of NGTS-4 (2018-04-15)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxError on Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table1cEulercam photometry of NGTS-4 (2018-04-19)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxError on Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table1dLCO photometry of NGTS-4recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxError on Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleBJDBarycentric Julian Date (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table1eSpeculoos/Callisto photometry of NGTS-4recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxError on Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table1fSpeculoos/Europa photometry of NGTS-4recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxError on Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table1gSAAO photometry of NGTS-4 (2017-11-27)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxError on Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table1hSAAO photometry of NGTS-4 (2018-04-22)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxError on Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table2A summary of the follow-up photometry of NGTS-4SiteObservation sitemeta.id;instr.obstycharInstInstrument used for the observationinstr.setupcharNimgNumber of images usedmeta.numberintExptimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintBinningBinning (1x1 or 4x4)instr.setupcharFilterFilter used for the observationinstr.setup;instr.filtercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNightObservation datetime.epoch;obsCommentComment on the observationmeta.note;obs.param;obscharJ/MNRAS/486/5094/table3HARPS radial velocities for NGTS-4recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVError on RVkm/sstat.errordoubleFWHMFull width at half-maximumkm/sspect.line.widthdoubleContrastContrastspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatBISBisector spankm/sphys.velocdoubleExptimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureint