J/MNRAS/482/965ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/482/965doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74820965CDSKilic M.Bergeron P.Dame K.Hambly N.C.Rowell N.Crawford C.L.2024-08-19T20:15:28Z2022-08-01T14:35:21ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frwhite-dwarf-starsgalaxy-kinematicsphotometryWe use 156044 white dwarf candidates with >=5{sigma} significant parallax measurements from the Gaia mission to measure the velocity dispersion of the Galactic disc; ({sigma}_U_,{sigma}_V_,{sigma}_W_)=(30.8,23.9,20.0)km/s. We identify 142 objects that are inconsistent with disc membership at the >5{sigma} level. This is the largest sample of field halo white dwarfs identified to date. We perform a detailed model atmosphere analysis using optical and near-infrared photometry and parallaxes to constrain the mass and cooling age of each white dwarf. The white dwarf cooling ages of our targets range from 7Myr for J1657+2056 to 10.3Gyr for J1049-7400. The latter provides a firm lower limit of 10.3Gyr for the age of the inner halo based on the well-understood physics of white dwarfs. Including the pre-white dwarf evolutionary lifetimes, and limiting our sample to the recently formed white dwarfs with cooling ages of <500Myr, we estimate an age of 10.9+/-0.4Gyr (internal errors only) for the Galactic inner halo. The coolest white dwarfs in our sample also give similar results. For example, J1049-7400 has a total age of 10.9-11.1Gyr. Our age measurements are consistent with other measurements of the age of the inner halo, including the white dwarf based measurements of the globular clusters M4, NGC 6397, and 47 Tuc.2019MNRAS.482..965Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/482/965CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/359 : The VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) catalog DR4.1 (McMahon+, 2013)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/482/965https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/482/965http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/482/965https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/482/965https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/482/965http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/482/965GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/482/965/table1 (Gaia halo white dwarf sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/965/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/965/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/965/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.63620107309-32.196973710.0055555555555555566/60 223 316 474 1367 1573 2201 2345 2613 4058 4330 4572 5145 5691 6077 6216 6314 6945 7212 7500 7567 7791 8250 8364 8614 8651 8754 8809 8822 8908 8997 9200 9290 9672 9983 10059 10391 10657 10879 11159 11283 11397 11456 12157 12255 12346 12673 13319 13400 13502 14795 15446 15670 15991 16331 16355 16420 16438 16443 16453 16482 16912 17127 17627 17699 17805 17825 18020 18701 19252 19776 20515 20691 22345 22429 23089 24353 24366 24499 24882 24915 25255 25634 25969 26214 27011 27108 27260 27290 27422 27447 27658 30150 31099 31150 31862 31930 32381 32433 32728 32805 33271 33420 33579 33769 33851 34137 34190 34409 34511 34566 34979 35571 35636 35993 36537 36848 36863 37125 37129 37153 38212 38479 39952 40330 40692 41157 41229 42670 43239 43805 43994 45810 45982 46129 47345 47681 48398 48755 488151.1121556300538089e-19 6.090060298487514e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/482/965?format=asciidefaultJ/MNRAS/482/965/table1Gaia halo white dwarf samplee_pmRAError on pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declination from Gaia DR2mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEError on pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleGmagGaia G band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optdoubleRFGMean flux in the G-band divided by its errorstat.errordoubleBPmagGaia BP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleRFBPIntegrated BP mean flux divided by its errorstat.errordoubleRPmagGaia RP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RdoubleRFRPIntegrated RP mean flux divided by its errorstat.errordoublegPmag? PanSTARRs g-band magnitude (Kaiser et al. 2010SPIE.7733E..0EK, Cat. II/349 )magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gPmag? Error on gPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablerPmag? PanSTARRs r-band magnitude (Kaiser et al. 2010SPIE.7733E..0EK, Cat. II/349 )magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rPmag? Error on rPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableiPmag? PanSTARRs i-band magnitude (Kaiser et al. 2010SPIE.7733E..0EK, Cat. II/349 )magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_iPmag? Error on iPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablee_zmag? Error on xmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableUU component of space velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xdoublee_UError on Ukm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatVV component of space velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.ydoublee_VError on Vkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.yfloatWW component of space velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zdoublee_WError on Wkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.zfloate_KsVIRmag? Error on KsVIRmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableNameStar name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharzPmag? PanSTARRs z-band magnitude (Kaiser et al. 2010SPIE.7733E..0EK, Cat. II/349 )magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zPmag? Error on zPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableyPmag? PanSTARRs y-band magnitude (Kaiser et al. 2010SPIE.7733E..0EK, Cat. II/349 )magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_yPmag? Error on yPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableumag? SDSS u band magnitude (Ahn et al. 2012ApJS..203...21A, Cat. V/139)magphot.mag;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_umag? Error on umagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablegmag? SDSS g band magnitude (Ahn et al. 2012ApJS..203...21A, Cat. V/139)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_gmag? Error on gmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullablermag? SDSS r band magnitude (Ahn et al. 2012ApJS..203...21A, Cat. V/139)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_rmag? Error on rmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableimag? SDSS i band magnitude (Ahn et al. 2012ApJS..203...21A, Cat. V/139)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_imag? Error on imagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decnullableindexedSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharzmag? SDSS z band magnitude (Ahn et al. 2012ApJS..203...21A, Cat. V/139)magphot.mag;em.opt.IdoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source IDmeta.idRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 from Gaia DR2degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 from Gaia DR2degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplxParallax from Gaia DR2maspos.parallax.trigdoubleRplxGaia DR2 parallax divided by its errorstat.errordoublepmRAProper motion in right ascension from Gaia DR2mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoubleYMKOmag? Y-band magnitude from the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) on Mauna Kea Observatory (MKO) (Dye et al. 2018MNRAS.473.5113D)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_YMKOmag? Error on YMKOmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableJMKOmag? J-band magnitude from the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) on Mauna Kea Observatory (MKO) (Dye et al. 2018MNRAS.473.5113D)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_JMKOmag? Error on JMKOmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableHMKOmag? H-band magnitude from the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) on Mauna Kea Observatory (MKO) (Dye et al. 2018MNRAS.473.5113D)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_HMKOmag? Error on HMKOmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableKMKOmag? K-band magnitude from the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) on Mauna Kea Observatory (MKO) (Dye et al. 2018MNRAS.473.5113D)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_KMKOmag? Error on KMKOmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableYVIRmag? Y band magnitude from VISTA Hemisphere Survey (McMahon et al. 2013Msngr.154...35M, Cat. II/359)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_YVIRmag? Error on YVIRmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableJVIRmag? J band magnitude from VISTA Hemisphere Survey (McMahon et al. 2013Msngr.154...35M, Cat. II/359)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_JVIRmag? Error on JVIRmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableHVIRmag? H band magnitude from VISTA Hemisphere Survey (McMahon et al. 2013Msngr.154...35M, Cat. II/359)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_HVIRmag? Error on HVIRmagmagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableKsVIRmag? Ks band magnitude from VISTA Hemisphere Survey (McMahon et al. 2013Msngr.154...35M, Cat. II/359)magphot.mag;em.IR.KdoublenullableJ/MNRAS/482/965/table2Best-fitting parameters for the halo white dwarf sampleE_MstarUpper error on MstarsolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_MstarLower error on MstarsolMassstat.errorfloatloggBest-fitting surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatE_loggUpper error on logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_loggLower error on logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatcAgeBest-fitting cooling ageMyrtime.ageintE_cAgeUpper error on cAgeMyrstat.error;stat.maxinte_cAgeLower error on cAgeMyrstat.errorintAge? Total age based on the pre-white dwarf evolutionary lifetimes (2)Gyrtime.agefloatnullableE_Age? Upper error on AgeGyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Age? Lower error on AgeGyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharSpType? Spectral typesrc.spTypecharCompPreferred composition (1)meta.notecharTeffBest-fitting effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffError on TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintMstarBest-fitting white dwarf masssolMassphys.massfloat