J/MNRAS/482/5138ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/482/5138doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74825138CDSBaumgardt H.Hilker M.Sollima A.Bellini A.2024-08-19T20:15:07Z2019-02-11T14:14:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyglobular-star-clustersproper-motionsradial-velocitystellar-distanceWe have derived the mean proper motions and space velocities of 154 Galactic globular clusters and the velocity dispersion profiles of 141 globular clusters based on a combination of Gaia DR2 proper motions with ground-based line-of-sight velocities. Combining the velocity dispersion profiles derived here with new measurements of the internal mass functions allows us to model the internal kinematics of 144 clusters, more than 90 per cent of the currently known Galactic globular cluster population. We also derive the initial cluster masses by calculating the cluster orbits backwards in time applying suitable recipes to account for mass-loss and dynamical friction. We find a correlation between the stellar mass function of a globular cluster and the amount of mass lost from the cluster, pointing to dynamical evolution as one of the mechanisms shaping the mass function of stars in clusters. The mass functions also show strong evidence that globular clusters started with a bottom-light initial mass function. Our simulations show that the currently surviving globular cluster population has lost about 80 per cent of its mass since the time of formation. If globular clusters started from a lognormal mass function, we estimate that the Milky Way contained about 500 globular clusters initially, with a combined mass of about 2.5x10^8^M_{sun}_. For a power-law initial mass function, the initial mass in globular clusters could have been a factor of three higher.2019MNRAS.482.5138Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/482/5138CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/616/A12 : Gaia DR2 sources in GC and dSph (Gaia Collaboration+, 2018)J/MNRAS/484/2832 : Milky Way globular clusters proper motions (Vasiliev, 2019)J/MNRAS/505/5978 : Gaia EDR3 view on Galactic globular clustershttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/482/5138https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/482/5138http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/482/5138https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/482/5138https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/482/5138http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/482/5138GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/482/5138/table1 (Mean proper motions and orbital parameters of 154 Galactic globular clusters. See update with Gaia EDR3 in J/MNRAS/505/5978)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/5138/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/5138/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/482/5138/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.023625-72.081276110.0055555555555555566/1133 3950 6389 9436 9666 10008 10321 10336 12405 12425 12531 12943 14489 16647 17121 17711 19091 20001 21017 24843 25486 25873 27237 27981 27986 28067 28577 28705 28717 28741 28751 28768-28769 28778 28781 28805 28808 28815 28817 28833 28835 28838 28855 28867-28868 28876-28877 28882 28889 28895 28903 28905 28959 28962 28970 28973-28974 29077 29090 29184 29187 29195 29202 29216 29222 29231 29233 29248 29267 29289 29294 29318 29377 29504 29626 29632 29636-29637 29816 29870 30321 30323 30378 30769 30998 31019 31043 31095 31115 31128 31398 31417 31723 32083 33321 33330 33635 34242 34317 34811 36971 37294 38465 39642 39954 41011 41257 41304 41507 41522 41847 41852 42076 42152-42153 42204 42278 42314 42320 42361 42466 42700 42761 42789 42841 42862 42955 42958 42990 43125 43193 43227 43894 44086 44220 44427 47125 47620 47745 47777 47825 47866 47868 47903 47916 47935 47971 48035 48434 48444 48698 48952https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/482/5138?format=asciidefaultJ/MNRAS/482/5138/table1Mean proper motions and orbital parameters of 154 Galactic globular clusters. See update with Gaia EDR3 in J/MNRAS/505/5978SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintsigmapmindicates proper motion dispersion profiles in table 4meta.ref.urlcharNameName of the clustermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRsunDistance to the Sunkpcpos.distancefloate_Rsun? rms uncertainty on Rsunkpcstat.errorfloatnullableRVMean radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;stat.meanfloate_RVrms uncertainty on RVkm/sstat.errorfloatpmRA*Proper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA*rms uncertainty on pmRA*mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDErms uncertainty on pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatrhoCorreclation between pmRA and pmDEstat.correlationfloatXX component of the cluster position (from the Galactic centre towards the Sun)kpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.xfloate_Xrms uncertainty on Xkpcstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatYY component of the cluster position (in the direction of Galactic rotation at the Solar position)kpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.yfloate_Yrms uncertainty on Ykpcstat.error;pos.cartesian.yfloatZZ component of the cluster position (towards the North Galactic pole)kpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.zfloate_Zrms uncertainty on Zkpcstat.error;src.redshiftfloatUU component of the cluster velocity (from the Galactic centre towards the Sun) (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloate_Urms uncertainty on Ukm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatVV component of the cluster velocity (in the direction of Galactic rotation at the Solar position) (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloate_Vrms uncertainty on Vkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.yfloatWW component of the cluster velocity (towards the North Galactic pole) (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloate_Wrms uncertainty on Wkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.zfloatRperPerigalactic distance of the clusterkpcpos.distancefloate_Rperrms uncertainty on Rrperkpcstat.errorfloatRapoApogalactic distance of the clusterkpcpos.distancefloate_Raporms uncertainty on Rapokpcstat.errorfloatJ/MNRAS/482/5138/table4Proper motion dispersion profiles of 102 globular clusters derived from Gaia DR2 proper motions. See update with Gaia EDR3 in J/MNRAS/505/5978recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the clustermeta.id;meta.maincharNPMNumber of stars used to calculate the proper motion dispersion in each binmeta.numberintrAverage distance of stars from the cluster centrearcsecpos.angDistance;stat.meanfloatsigmaProper motion dispersionmas/yrpos.pm;phys.dispMeasurefloatE_sigmaError on sigma (upper value)mas/yrstat.error;stat.maxfloate_sigmaError on sigma (lower value)mas/yrstat.errorfloat