J/MNRAS/464/4545ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/464/4545doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74644545CDSBuchner J.Schulze S.Bauer F.2024-08-16T20:19:37Z2017-06-28T11:59:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomychemical-abundancesAn important constraint for galaxy evolution models is how much gas resides in galaxies, in particular, at the peak of star formation z=1-3. We attempt a novel approach by letting long-duration gamma ray bursts (LGRBs) x-ray their host galaxies and deliver column densities to us. This requires a good understanding of the obscurer and biases introduced by incomplete follow-up observations. We analyse the X-ray afterglow of all 844 Swift LGRBs to date for their column density NH. To derive the population properties, we propagate all uncertainties in a consistent Bayesian methodology. The NH distribution covers the 10^20-23%cm^-2^ range and shows no evolutionary effect. Higher obscurations, e.g. Compton-thick columns, could have been detected but are not observed. The NH distribution is consistent with sources randomly populating a ellipsoidal gas cloud of major axis N_H_^major^=10^23^cm^-2^ with 0.22dex intrinsic scatter between objects. The unbiased SHOALS survey of afterglows and hosts allows us to constrain the relation between Spitzer-derived stellar masses and X-ray derived column densities NH. We find a well-constrained power-law relation of NH=10^21.7^cm^-2^x(M*/10^9.5^M_{sun}_)^1/3^, with 0.5dex intrinsic scatter between objects. The Milky Way and the Magellanic clouds also follow this relation. From the geometry of the obscurer, its stellar mass dependence and comparison with local galaxies, we conclude that LGRBs are primarily obscured by galaxy-scale gas. Ray tracing of simulated Illustris galaxies reveals a relation of the same normalization, but a steeper stellar-mass dependence and mild redshift evolution. Our new approach provides valuable insight into the gas residing in high-redshift galaxies.2017MNRAS.464.4545Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/464/4545CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIX/43 : 1SXPS Swift X-ray telescope point source catalog (Evans+ 2014)J/A+A/510/A48 : Palermo Swift-BAT Hard X-ray Catalogue (Cusumano+, 2010)J/A+A/528/A122 : SwiftFT catalog (Puccetti+, 2011)J/ApJS/195/2 : The second Swift BAT GRB catalog (BAT2) (Sakamoto+, 2011)J/ApJS/201/34 : Swift-INTEGRAL X-ray (SIX) survey (Bottacini+, 2012)J/ApJS/209/20 : Swift GRB catalog with X-ray data (Grupe+, 2013)J/A+A/551/A142 : 7 year Swift-XRT point source catalog (1SWXRT) (D'Elia+, 2013)J/A+A/562/A2 : 100-month Swift catalogue of SFXTs (Romano+, 2014)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/464/4545https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/464/4545http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/464/4545https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/464/4545https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/464/4545http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/464/4545GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/464/4545/grbcat (Catalog of SWIFT GRB (2004-2015))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/464/4545/grbcat?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/464/4545/grbcat?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/464/4545/grbcat?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true24.780271.34142310.0055555555555555566/140 186 205 207 210-211 240 314 338 393 398 453 462 500 503 550 590 646 699 825 866 877 908 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47251 47253 47397 47436 47459 47618 47620 47632 47740 47911 47945 47991 48007 48054 48189 48319 48371 48387 48422 48447 48458 48666 48774 48894 48921 49004 49034https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/464/4545?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/MNRAS/464/4545/grbcatCatalog of SWIFT GRB (2004-2015)zRedshiftsrc.redshiftdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGRB ID (GRB YYMMDDA)meta.id;meta.maincharTriggerSwift Trigger IDmeta.idintDur? Durationstime.durationdoublenullableis_short[0/1] 1 if T90>2smeta.codeintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoubleNHgalGalactic column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;pos.galacticdoubleTintTime interval(s) used for X-ray spectral extractionstime.interval;instr.setupcharNHT? Posterior mean column density derived using tbabs obscurer modellog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;meta.modelled;stat.meandoublenullablee_NHT? Standard deviation of NHTlog(cm**-2)stat.errordoublenullableNHTq10? 10% quantile of posterior NHTlog(cm**-2)stat.errordoublenullableNHTq90? 90% quantile of posterior NHTlog(cm**-2)stat.errordoublenullablePhoIndexT? Mean spectral slope, E^-{gamma}^spect.indexdoublenullablee_PhoIndexT? Standard deviation of PhoIndexTstat.errordoublenullableNHS? Posterior mean column density derived using sphere obscurer modellog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;meta.modelled;stat.meandoublenullablee_NHS? Standard deviation of NHSlog(cm**-2)stat.errordoublenullableNHSq10? 10% quantile of posterior NHSlog(cm**-2)stat.errordoublenullableNHSq90? 90% quantile of posterior NHSlog(cm**-2)stat.errordoublenullablePhoIndexS? Mean spectral slope, E^-{gamma}^spect.indexdoublenullablee_PhoIndexS? Standard deviation of PhoIndexTSstat.errordoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar