J/MNRAS/458/2221ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/458/2221doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74582221CDSNyland K.Young L.M.Wrobel J.M.Sarzi M.Morganti R.Alatalo K.,Blitz L.Bournaud F.Bureau M.Cappellari M.Crocker A.F.Davies R.L.,Davis T.A.De Zeeuw P.T.Duc P.-A.Emsellem E.Khochfar S.,Krajnovic D.Kuntschner H.McDermid R.M.Naab T.Oosterloo T.,Scott N.Serra P.Weijmans A.-M.2024-08-15T20:18:24Z2017-12-19T15:14:46ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiescatalogsradio-continuum-emissiongalaxy-classification-systemsWe present the results of a high-resolution, 5GHz, Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array study of the nuclear radio emission in a representative subset of the atlas^3D^ survey of early-type galaxies (ETGs). We find that 51+/-4 per cent of the ETGs in our sample contain nuclear radio emission with luminosities as low as 10^18^W/Hz. Most of the nuclear radio sources have compact (<~25-110pc) morphologies, although ~10 per cent display multicomponent core+jet or extended jet/lobe structures. Based on the radio continuum properties, as well as optical emission line diagnostics and the nuclear X-ray properties, we conclude that the majority of the central 5GHz sources detected in the atlas^3D^ galaxies are associated with the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). However, even at subarcsecond spatial resolution, the nuclear radio emission in some cases appears to arise from low-level nuclear star formation rather than an AGN, particularly when molecular gas and a young central stellar population is present. This is in contrast to popular assumptions in the literature that the presence of a compact, unresolved, nuclear radio continuum source universally signifies the presence of an AGN. Additionally, we examine the relationships between the 5 GHz luminosity and various galaxy properties including the molecular gas mass and - for the first time - the global kinematic state. We discuss implications for the growth, triggering, and fuelling of radio AGNs, as well as AGN-driven feedback in the continued evolution of nearby ETGs.2016MNRAS.458.2221Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/458/2221CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/413/813 : ATLAS3D project. I (Cappellari+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/888 : ATLAS3D project. III (Emsellem+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/940 : ATLAS3D project. IV (Young+, 2011)J/MNRAS/416/1680 : ATLAS3D project. VII (Cappellari+, 2011)J/MNRAS/433/2812 : ATLAS3D project. XXIII (Krajnovic+, 2013)J/MNRAS/446/120 : ATLAS3D project. XXIX (Duc+, 2015)J/MNRAS/448/3484 : ATLAS3D Project. XXX (McDermid+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/458/2221https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/458/2221http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/458/2221https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/458/2221https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/458/2221http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/458/2221GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea1 (VLA 5GHz and flux density measurements)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true146.4722333-0.26912220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea2 (5GHz spatial parameters of detections)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true146.47265-0.268305560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea3 (5GHz image properties of sources with multiple components)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true47.2363375-2.9551750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea6 (Additional galaxy properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true146.4722333-0.26912220.0055555555555555565/4581 6/664 697 2145 2374 4439 4447 4869 4930 4989 5075 5125 5182 5196 5288 5429 5474 5599 5773 5975 6087 6093 6103 7287 7355 7374 7385 7424 7442 7460 7560 8193 8195-8196 9186 10454 10637 10924 10980 11026 11246 11418 11435 11443 11457 11791 11800 11824 13336 13401 15056 15204 17744 17761 18209 18269 18766 19442 20014 20101 22740 22914 23177-23178 25979 26055 26065 26125 26157 26166 26210 26307 26313 26362 26542 27079 27135 27186 27199 27255 27367 27515 27518 27582 27604 27712 27714 27718-27719 27723 27728 27735 27743 27758 27764-27765 27767 27773 27802 27857 27905 27908 27913-27914 27931 27936 27938 27944 28038 28142 28200 28221 28264 28362 28491 28495 28524 28538 28653 31454 31499 31624 32168-32169 32482 32539 36819 36831 409523.313034785154005e-24 3.313034785154005e-24https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/458/2221?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea1VLA 5GHz and flux density measurementsl_SpeakLimit flag on Speak (3)meta.code.errorcharl_SW91Limit flag on SW91meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintParamindicates spatial parameters n table A2 and properties for multiple components in tables A3-A4meta.ref.urlcharf_Name[a] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_Name[b] Note on Name (1)meta.notecharMultDisplay spatial properties for multiple componentsmeta.ref.urlcharDistAtlas3D distance (Paper I, Cappellari et al. 2011, Cat. J/MNRAS/413/813)Mpcpos.distancefloatVirgo[0/1] Virgo membershipmeta.code.memberintF/Skinematic class (Paper III, Emsellem et al., 2011, Cat. J/MNRAS/414/888) (G1)meta.codecharlogMJAM? Dynamically modelled stellar mass (Paper XV, Cappellari et al., 2013MNRAS.432.1709C)log(solMass)meta.codefloatnullablel_logMH2Limit flag on logMH2meta.code.errorcharlogMH2Molecular hydrogen mass (Paper IV, Young et al., 2011, Cat. J/MNRAS/414/940)log(solMass)meta.codefloatSW91? Integrated flux density from the 5GHz study of nearby ETGs carried-out by Wrobel & Heeschen (1991AJ....101..148W) at 5 arcsec resolutionmJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablee_SW91? rms uncertainty on SW91mJystat.errorfloatnullablerms? Average rms noise (3)uJy/beamstat.stdev;instr.det.noise;stat.meanintnullableSpeak? Peak flux density (3)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablee_Speak? rms uncertainty on Speak (3)mJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableSint? Integrated flux density (3)(4)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablee_Sint? rms uncertainty on Sint (3)mJystat.errorfloatnullablel_logLLimit flag on logL (3)meta.code.errorcharlogL? 5 GHz radio luminosity (3)(5)log(W.Hz**-1)phys.luminosity;em.radiofloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea25GHz spatial parameters of detectionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_Name[a] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharNamegalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Name[b] Note on Name (1)meta.notecharMultDisplay spatial properties for multiple componentsmeta.ref.urlcharMorph[RU] Radio morphology based on the output of the JMFIT task in aips (G2)meta.notecharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) of the emission at the peak flux density (G3)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of the central position of the emission (G3)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainBeam1Angular dimension of the synthesized beam (major axis)arcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatBeam2Angular dimension of the synthesized beam (minor axis)arcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatBPABeam position angle, measured anti clockwise from Northdegpos.posAng;instr.beamfloatl_thetaMLimit flag on thetaMmeta.code.errorcharthetaMRadius upper limit or major axis of the emission (4)arcsecphys.angSize;stat.maxfloate_thetaM? rms uncertainty on thetaMarcsecstat.errorfloatnullablethetam? Minor axis of the emission (4)arcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullablee_thetam? rms uncertainty on thetamarcsecstat.errorfloatnullablePA? Position angle of the emission from JMFITdegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_PA? rms uncertainty on PAdegstat.errorfloatnullablel_MajLimit flag on Majmeta.code.errorcharMajLinear radius upper limit or major axis of the emission in physical unitspcphys.size.radius;stat.maxfloatMin? Linear minor axis of the emission in physical unitspcphys.sizefloatnullableJ/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea35GHz image properties of sources with multiple componentsNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCompRadio component name. The brightest component in each galaxy is listed firstobs.fieldcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) at the location of the peak flux densitypos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) at the location of the peak flux densitypos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpeakPeak flux densitymJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloate_Speakrms uncertainty on SpeakmJy/beamstat.errorfloatSint? Integrated flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablee_Sint? rms uncertainty on SintmJystat.errorfloatnullablelogLRadio luminosity (1)log(W.Hz**-1)phys.luminosity;em.radiofloatJ/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea45GHz spatial properties of sources with multiple componentsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharCompRadio component name. The brightest component in each galaxy is listed firstobs.fieldcharMorph[RU] Radio morphology as reported by JMFIT (G2)src.morph.typecharl_thetaMLimit flag on thetaMmeta.code.errorcharthetaMRadius upper limit or major axis of the emission (G3)arcsecphys.angSize;stat.maxfloate_thetaM? rms uncertainty on thetaMarcsecstat.errorfloatnullablethetam? Minor axis of the emission (G3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullablee_thetam? rms uncertainty on thetamarcsecstat.errorfloatnullablePA? Position angle of the emission from JMFITdegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_PA? rms uncertainty on PAdegstat.errorfloatnullablel_MajLimit flag on Majmeta.code.errorcharMajLinear radius upper limit or major axis of the emission in physical unitspcphys.size.radius;stat.maxfloatMin? Linear minor axis of the emission in physical unitspcphys.sizefloatnullableJ/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea5*Archival high-resolution radio continuum dataVirgo[0/1] Virgo membershipmeta.code.memberintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintn_Name[abc] Note on Name (1)meta.notecharDistAtlas3D distance (Paper I, Cappellari et al. 2011, Cat. J/MNRAS/413/813))Mpcpos.distancefloatF/SKinematic class (Paper III, Emsellem et al., 2011, Cat. J/MNRAS/414/888) (G1)meta.codecharlogMJAM? Dynamically modelled stellar mass (Paper XV, Cappellari et al., 2013MNRAS.432.1709C))log(solMass)meta.codefloatnullablel_logMH2Limit flag on logMH2meta.code.errorcharlogMH2Molecular hydrogen mass (Paper IV, Young et al., 2011, Cat. J/MNRAS/414/940)log(solMass)meta.codefloatSW91? Integrated flux density from the 5GHz study of nearby ETGs carried-out by Wrobel & Heeschen (1991AJ....101..148W) at 5 arcsec resolutionmJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablee_SW91? rms uncertainty on SW91mJystat.errorfloatnullableFreqOriginal observing frequencyGHzem.freqfloatResApproximate synthesized beam major axisarcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatl_S5GHzLimit flag on S5GHzmeta.code.errorcharS5GHz? Integrated nuclear flux density at 5GHz (2)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablee_S5GHz? rms uncertainty on S5GHzmJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullablel_logLLimit flag on logLmeta.code.errorcharlogL? Nuclear radio luminosity at 5GHzlog(W.Hz**-1)phys.luminosity;em.radiofloatnullableRefReferences (3)meta.refcharJ/MNRAS/458/2221/tablea6Additional galaxy propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharlogMBHBlack hole masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatr_logMBH? Black hole mass reference (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablel_logLXLimit flag on logLXmeta.code.errorcharlogLX? 2-10keV X-ray luminosity from the literaturelog(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatnullabler_logLX? X-ray luminosity reference (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablel_log(LBol/LEdd)Limit flag on log(LBol/LEdd)meta.code.errorcharlog(LBol/LEdd)? Eddington ratio (3)phys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatnullablel_logRXLimit flag on logRXmeta.code.errorcharlogRX? Radio-X-ray ratio as defined in Terashima & Wilson (2003ApJ...583..145T)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablelogL[OIII]? Nuclear [OIII] luminositylog(1e-07J)phys.luminosity;em.radiofloatnullableEW[OIII]? Nuclear [OIII] equivalent width0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.OIIIfloatnullableClassNuclear emission line classificationmeta.code.classcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/MNRAS/458/2221/tablec1Relative contour levels in the 5GHz continuum mapsNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintrmsrms noiseuJy/beamstat.stdev;instr.det.noiseintRCRelative contoursmeta.codechar