J/MNRAS/449/199ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/449/199doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74490199CDSMantz A.B.Allen S.W.Morris R.G.Schmidt R.W.von der Linden A.,Urban O.2024-08-14T20:20:57Z2016-02-12T10:47:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersx-ray-sourcesThis is the first in a series of papers studying the astrophysics and cosmology of massive, dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters. Here we present a new, automated method for identifying relaxed clusters based on their morphologies in X-ray imaging data. While broadly similar to others in the literature, the morphological quantities that we measure are specifically designed to provide a fair basis for comparison across a range of data quality and cluster redshifts, to be robust against missing data due to point source masks and gaps between detectors, and to avoid strong assumptions about the cosmological background and cluster masses. Based on three morphological indicators - symmetry, peakiness, and alignment - we develop the symmetry-peakiness-alignment (SPA) criterion for relaxation. This analysis was applied to a large sample of cluster observations from the Chandra and ROSAT archives. Of the 361 clusters which received the SPA treatment, 57 (16 per cent) were subsequently found to be relaxed according to our criterion. We compare our measurements to similar estimators in the literature, as well as projected ellipticity and other image measures, and comment on trends in the relaxed cluster fraction with redshift, temperature, and survey selection method. Code implementing our morphological analysis will be made available on the web (http://www.slac.stanford.edu/amantz/work/morph14/).2015MNRAS.449..199Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/449/199CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/301/881 : The ROSAT brightest cluster sample - I. (Ebeling+, 1998)J/A+A/425/367 : REFLEX Galaxy Cluster Survey catalogue (Boehringer+, 2004)J/ApJ/580/774 : X-ray galaxy clusters behind the Milky way (Ebeling+, 2002)J/ApJ/662/224 : Second CIZA subsample (Kocevski+, 2007)J/ApJS/172/561 : The 400d cluster Survey (Burenin+, 2007)J/ApJS/216/27 : Galaxy clusters discovered in SPT-SZ survey (Bleem+, 2015)J/ApJS/199/25 : CLASH sources for MACS1149.6+2223 (Postman+, 2012)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/449/199https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/449/199http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/449/199https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/449/199https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/449/199http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/449/199GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/449/199/table1 (Results of our morphological analysis)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/449/199/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/449/199/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/449/199/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true160.185939.95310.0055555555555555566/3 153 206-207 612 821 1701 2227 2388 4206 4215 4341 4394 4406 4512 4720 4859 4867 4965 5099-5100 5116 5299 5305 5536 5569 5701 5731 5795 5842 5881 5975 5985 6088 6337 6383 6441 6536 6539 6611 7039 7242 7371 7510 7604 7612 7768 7904 8033 8220 8271 8282 8458 8555 8921 8963 8969 9036 9050 9052 9168 9242 9354 9466 9468 9476 9498 9506 9632 9764 9997 10271 10312 10379 10413 10485 10527 10544 10607 10658 10664 10694 10734 10743 10823 10894 10905 10979 10992 11042 11080 11194 11253 11467 11591 11596 11626 11807 11974 12025 12121 12184 12253 12642 12664 13314 13384 14744 15112 16059 16434 16486 16609 16656 16661 16702 16713 16787 17083 17141 17171 17222 17237 17307 17387 17457 17472 17487 17499 17618 17819 17840 18016 18325 18328 18475 18534 18566 18584 18746 18800 18878 18894 19009 19089 19094 19097 19542 19848 19935 19950 20292 20481 20536 20624 21016 21211 21387 21766 21811 22577 22607 22661 22771 22915 22949 22972 23173 23176 23192 23223 23324 23349 23366 23451 23474 24853 25188 25451 25540 25675 25990 26037 26125 26135 26177 26189 26208 26302 26563 26707 26785 27060 27075 27387 27428 27476 27664 27740 27742 27914 28086 28174 28220-28221 28271 28376 28430 28448 28483 28512 28535 28622 29234 30946 31288 31509 31537 32379 32500 32503 32739 33235 33274 33520 33534 33543 33553 33598 33628 33716 33735 33863 33878 33894 33897 33905 33921 33956 33980 33990 33999 34008 34049 34139 34159 34165 34186 34264 34324 34350 34416 34443 34461 34463 34503 34512 34726 34745 34793 34836 34839 34935 34954 35003 35032 35108 35121 35147 35271 35310 35342 35364 35388 35396 35536 35683 35696 35808 35853 35933 35950 36028 36082 36089 36098 36131 36231 36242 36423 36547 36713 36826 36846 38858 38973 39067 39069 39079 40615 40777 40809 41077 41326 41423 43837-43838 43849 43939 44017 44108 44502 44563 44697 44802 45044 45421 45526 45543 45867 45873 45904 45962 45984 46001 46005 46083 46108 46120 46169 46235 46258 46312 46323 46341 46345 46353 46368 46388 46399 46402 46424 46444 46491 46494 46642 46660 47043 47573 48076 48174 48272 48423 48684 48688 49012https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/449/199?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/MNRAS/449/199/table1Results of our morphological analysisSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCatCatalog that each cluster was drawn from (1)meta.notecharClusterCluster name (Prefixes that are implied by column "Cat" have been suppressed)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryObs[CR] Observatory used to produce the listed results, either Chandra (C) or ROSAT (R)meta.id;instr.obstycharFlag[aclpf ] Flags indicating whether a cluster is part of some samples (2)meta.code.errorcharS? Symmetry measurement (3)src.morph.paramfloatnullablee_S? rms uncertainty on S (3)stat.errorfloatnullableP? Peakiness measurement (3)src.morph.paramfloatnullablee_P? rms uncertainty on P (3)stat.errorfloatnullablea? Alignment measurement (3)src.morph.paramfloatnullablee_a? rms uncertainty on a (3)stat.errorfloatnullableRel[Y] Indicates whether the cluster is relaxed according to the SPA criterion introduced in Section 5.4.meta.codecharEll? Mean ellipticity of the isophotes employed in our analysissrc.ellipticity;stat.meanfloatnullablee_Ell? rms uncertainty on Ellstat.errorfloatnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) of the global center measured from the X-ray analysis (without bootstrapping)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) of the global center measured from the X-ray analysis (without bootstrapping)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRABdeg? Right ascension (J2000) of the BCG identified in Section 5.2degpos.eq.ranullableDEBdeg? Declination (J2000) of the BCG identified in Section 5.2degpos.eq.decnullableJ/MNRAS/449/199/tablea1Chandra data used in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster name (ordered as in Table 1)meta.id;meta.maincharObsIDobservation IDmeta.id;obscharObs.dateDate of observationtime.epochnullableB[A-E] Blank-sky background epochmeta.codecharD[I/S] Detector (ACIS-I or ACIS-S);meta.id;instrcharM[F V*] Data mode (VFAINT or FAINT; V* indicates VFAINT reduced in FAINT mode)meta.codecharExpTimeNominal exposure lengthksphys.size;obs.exposurefloatGTI? Good time interval remaining after filteringkstime.intervalfloatnullablen_GTI[E] E indicates an excluded exposuremeta.notecharJ/MNRAS/449/199/tablea2ROSAT data used in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharObs.IDObservation IDmeta.id;obscharObs.dateDate of observationtime.epochnullableExpTimeNominal exposure lengthksphys.size;obs.exposurefloat