J/MNRAS/430/1125ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/430/1125doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.74301125CDSCooper H.D.B.Lumsden S.L.Oudmaijer R.D.Hoare M.G.Clarke A.J.,Urquhart J.S.Mottram J.C.Moore T.J.T.Davies B.2024-07-20T20:14:05Z2014-05-16T14:39:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-sourcessurveysinfrared-photometryspectroscopyNear-infrared H- and K-band spectra are presented for 247 objects, selected from the Red MSX Source (RMS) survey as potential young stellar objects (YSOs). 195 (~80%) of the targets are YSOs, of which 131 are massive YSOs (L_BOL_>5x10^3^L_{sun}_, M>8M_{sun}_). This is the largest spectroscopic study of massive YSOs to date, providing a valuable resource for the study of massive star formation. In this paper, we present our exploratory analysis of the data. The YSOs observed have a wide range of embeddedness (2.7<A_V_<114), demonstrating that this study covers minimally obscured objects right through to very red, dusty sources. Almost all YSOs show some evidence for emission lines, though there is a wide variety of observed properties. The most commonly detected lines are Br{gamma}, H_2_, fluorescent FeII, CO bandhead, [FeII] and HeI 2-1 1S-1P, in order of frequency of occurrence. In total, ~40% of the YSOs display either fluorescent FeII 1.6878{mu}m or CO bandhead emission (or both), indicative of a circumstellar disc; however, no correlation of the strength of these lines with bolometric luminosity was found. We also find that ~60% of the sources exhibit [FeII] or H_2_ emission, indicating the presence of an outflow. Three quarters of all sources have Br{gamma} in emission. A good correlation with bolometric luminosity was observed for both the Br{gamma} and H_2_ emission line strengths, covering 1<L_BOL_<3.5x10^5^L_{sun}_. This suggests that the emission mechanism for these lines is the same for low-, intermediate- and high-mass YSOs, i.e. high-mass YSOs appear to resemble scaled-up versions of low-mass YSOs.2013MNRAS.430.1125Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/430/1125CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)II/316 : UKIDSS-DR6 Galactic Plane Survey (Lucas+ 2012)J/A+A/461/11 : Radio observations of MYSO candidates (Urquhart+, 2007)J/A+A/474/891 : YSOs in South Gal. plane 13CO observations (Urquhart+, 2007)J/A+A/476/1019 : Southern candidate massive YSOs RMS survey (Mottram+, 2007)J/A+A/487/253 : The RMS survey: ^13^CO observations of YSOs (Urquhart+ 2008)J/A+A/501/539 : RMS survey. 6cm observations of YSOs (Urquhart+, 2009)J/A+A/507/795 : The RMS survey: water masers of YSOs (Urquhart+, 2009)J/A+A/510/A89 : RMS survey of young massive stars in far-IR (Mottram+, 2010)J/MNRAS/410/1237 : Red MSX survey (RMS) massive young stars (Urquhart+, 2011)J/A+A/525/A149 : Red MSX Survey: bolometric fluxes of YSOs (Mottram+, 2012)J/MNRAS/420/1656 : RMS compact HII regions distances (Urquhart+, 2012)J/MNRAS/437/1791 : RMS survey: molecular observations (Urquhart+, 2014)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/430/1125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/430/1125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/430/1125https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/430/1125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/430/1125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/MNRAS/430/1125GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/MNRAS/430/1125/sources (All objects general data, magnitudes, extinction and magnitude corrections (tables a1--a3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/430/1125/sources?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/430/1125/sources?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/MNRAS/430/1125/sources?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true274.800875-20.79158330.0055555555555555565/3672 6/1329 1340 1412 1781 1925 1928 1930 3157 3184 3195 3198 3262 3271 3338 12970 12974-12975 13050 14063 14241 14267 14278 14282 14287 14304 14353 14355-14356 14409 14430 14594 14606 14616 14618 14621-14622 14624-14625 14630 14643 14647 14655 14664 14666-14667 14670-14671 14682-14683 14692-14693 14696-14697 14704 14711 14716 14740 15368 15385 15409 15428 15430 15448-15449 15468 15473 15476 15621 15624 15626 15629 15649 21510 21645 22040 22065 22078 22115 22122 22124 22161 22208 22243 23637 23666 23764 23766 23773 23968-23969 23983 24320 24325 24355-24356 24361 24476 24496 24515 24554 29070 29097 29102 29461 29463 29469 29505 29507 29511 29513 29517 29522 29529 29533-29534 30218-30219 30222 30241 30243-30245 30256 30258 30262-30263 30267-30269 30312-30313 30315 30318-30319 30341 30405 30417 30419 30422 30592 30594 30600 30602 30604-30606 30616 30618-30619 30622 30624 30644 30691-30692 30694-30695 30701 30710 30715-307187.952274030004205e-20 1.7798557115773645e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/MNRAS/430/1125?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/MNRAS/430/1125/sourcesAll objects general data, magnitudes, extinction and magnitude corrections (tables a1--a3)fc? Correction factor fobs/fcorr (2)arith.factor;phot.fluxfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSmeta.ref.urlcharNameName (GLLL.llll+BB.BBB)meta.id;meta.maincharprimarym_NameMultiplicity index on Namemeta.code.multipcharn_Name[*] Note on G025.6498+01.0491 (G1)meta.notecharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullablePA[-90/90] Position angle of slit (2)degpos.posAngfloatTexpExposure time (3)stime.duration;obs.exposureintClassNIR classification (4)src.classcharDist? Distance (5)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableDist2? Second distance value (5)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableLum? Luminosity (5)solLumphys.luminositydoublenullableLum2? Second luminosity value (5)solLumphys.luminositydoublenullableRFreq[5/8.6]? Observed radio frequency (5)GHzem.freqfloatnullablel_FRLimit flag on FR (5)meta.code.errorcharFR? Radio flux (5)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.RfloatnullableMSX6CDisplay the MSX6C data (Egan et al. 2003, Cat. V/114)meta.ref.urlcharCatCatalogue, 2MASS PSC or UKIDSS GPS(1)meta.notecharl_JmagCLimit flag on JmagCmeta.code.errorcharJmagC? J magnitude from Cat (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JmagC? rms uncertainty on JmagCmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablel_HmagCLimit flag on HmagCmeta.code.errorcharHmagC? H magnitude from Cat (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_HmagC? rms uncertainty on HmagCmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablel_KmagCLimit flag on KmagCmeta.code.errorcharKmagC? K magnitude from Catmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KmagC? rms uncertainty on KmagCmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableHmag? Measured H magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? Error on Hmag (lower value) (2)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableE_Hmag? Error on Hmag (upper value) (2)magstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableKmagMeasured K magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KmagError on Kmag (lower value)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatE_KmagError on Kmag (upper value)magstat.error;stat.maxfloatl_AV(JH)Limit flag on AV(JH)meta.code.errorcharAV(JH)? Absorption calculated using J and H band magnitudes (1)magphys.absorptionfloatnullablee_AV(JH)? rms uncertainty on AV(JH)magstat.errorfloatnullablel_AV(HK)Limit flag on AV(HK)meta.code.errorcharAV(HK)? Absorption calculated using H and K band magnitudes (1)magphys.absorptionfloatnullablee_AV(HK)? rms uncertainty on AV(HK)magstat.errorfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharJ/MNRAS/430/1125/emlinesSO and YSO/HIIR emission line fluxes, CO equivalent widths and mean continuum flux density (tableab1--b2)NameName (GLLL.llll+BB.BBB)meta.id;meta.maincharl_H2bLimit flag on H2bmeta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintm_NameMultiplicity index on Namemeta.code.multipcharl_BrgLimit flag on Br{gamma}meta.code.errorcharBrgBracket{gamma} emission line flux (1)W.m**-2.um**-1phot.fluxdoublee_Brg? rms uncertainty on BrgW.m**-2.um**-1stat.errordoublenullablel_Br10limit flag on Br10meta.code.errorcharBr10? Bracket10 emission line flux (1)W.m**-2.um**-1phot.fluxdoublenullablee_Br10? rms uncertainty on Br10W.m**-2.um**-1stat.errordoublenullablel_Br11Limit flag on Br11meta.code.errorcharBr11? Bracket11 emission line flux (1)W.m**-2.um**-1phot.fluxdoublenullablee_Br11? rms uncertainty on Br11W.m**-2.um**-1stat.errordoublenullablel_Br12+Limit flag on Br12/[FeII]meta.code.errorcharBr12+? Br12/[FeII] emission flux at 1.64um (1)W.m**-2.um**-1phot.fluxdoublenullablee_Br12+? rms uncertainty on Br12/[FeII]W.m**-2.um**-1stat.errordoublenullablel_H2aLimit flag on H2ameta.code.errorcharH2aH_2_ 2.1218um emission line flux (1)W.m**-2.um**-1phot.fluxdoublee_H2a? rms uncertainty on H2aW.m**-2.um**-1stat.errordoublenullableH2bH_2_ 2.2477um emission line flux (1)W.m**-2.um**-1phot.fluxdoublee_H2b? rms uncertainty on H2bW.m**-2.um**-1stat.errordoublenullablel_FeIILimit flag on FeIImeta.code.errorcharFeII? Fluorescent FeII 1.6878um line flux (1)W.m**-2.um**-1phot.fluxdoublenullablee_FeII? rms uncertainty on FeIIW.m**-2.um**-1stat.errordoublenullablel_HeILimit flag on HeImeta.code.errorcharHeIHeI 2.0587um emission line flux (1)W.m**-2.um**-1phot.flux;em.IR.K;spect.linedoublee_HeI? rms uncertainty on HeIW.m**-2.um**-1stat.errordoublenullablePs[-P] Pfund series presence or absence (2)meta.codecharPmeta.ref.urlcharl_EWCOLimit flag on EWCO (3{sigma} limits) (1)meta.code.errorcharEWCOCO 2-0 bandhead equivalent width ({AA}) (2)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.COfloate_EWCO? 1{sigma} error on EWCO0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableFcontContinuum flux density in the 2.2825-2.2875um region just to the blue end of the bandheadW.m**-2.um**-1phot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublee_Fcont1{sigma} error on FcontW.m**-2.um**-1stat.errordoubleJ/MNRAS/430/1125/tableb3List of objects for which either or both of the Br{gamma} or HeI 2.0587um emission lines have P-Cygni profilesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName (GLLL.llll+BB.BBB)meta.id;meta.maincharPCygP-Cygni profile commentsmeta.note